The name Yan, the word mingji, was changed to Wenxi to avoid taboos. Cai Wenji's father is the famous Cai Yong. Cai Yong is a great writer and calligrapher. Cai Wenji was born in such a family. It is natural that he is knowledgeable, literate, good at poetry and prose, articulate and cadence. It can be said that Cai Wenji had a happy childhood, but the changes of the times interrupted this happiness.
Cai Wenji was taken to South Xiongnu with many captured women. Suffered from the * * * and flogging of soldiers, she is twenty-three years old this year, and this is twelve years. In this 12 year, she married Xiongnu Zuo and suffered the pain of living in a foreign land. Of course, she also gave birth to two sons for Zuo. She also learned to play Hu Jia and some foreign languages.
12 years later, Cao Cao thought that his childhood teacher Cai Yong had only one daughter. When he learned that the girl was arrested in South Xiongnu, he immediately sent Zhou Jin as a special envoy, carrying two hundred gold and a pair of white walls to redeem her.
Cai Wenji was married three times in his life. Zeng Yuan married the Wei family in Hedong before being taken to the southern Xiongnu. Wei family is a noble family in Hedong, and her husband Wei Zhongdao is an outstanding scholar in the university. The couple loved each other very much, but it didn't last long. Less than a year later, Wei Zhongdao died of hemoptysis. Never giving birth to a son and a half daughter, the Wei family suspected that she had killed her husband. At that time, despite his father's opposition, he left the Wei family and returned to his hometown. She finally married Dong Si and gave birth to a son and a daughter. The daughter married Sima Yi's son Sima Shi.
About her marriage, Ding Kun said this in "Cai Bo Ai Fu":
"Iraq's large-scale daughter, the favored nature of God;
China twenty-eight years, Deng Lin fresh.
The six pillars of the Ming Dynasty are still true and serve the language of women's history;
After attending the Qing training in the imperial court, you can understand the cloud.
When there is a beautiful month in March, return to the sky;
Drag Rodin's petticoat and wear Cui Jin's gorgeous glitter.
Envy and glory with hair, sorrow and frost have been countless;
How can we grow old together and enjoy our old age? "
Cai Wenji's masterpiece is Eighteen Beats of Hu Jia. "Eighteen Beats of Hu Jia" is a narrative poem in Sao style, with a total length of 1297 words. Mao Qian's Poems of Yuefu (Volume 59) and Zhu's Poems after Chu Ci (Volume 3) were originally published, and the two texts were slightly different.
1, Wenxi's father is brilliant.
Cai Wenji's father is a famous scholar Cai Yong. Cai Yong is Cai Boxiao, and there is a lyric of Pipa, which says that Cai is afraid that after winning the top prize together, he will deny his wife Zhao Wuniang and not marry the daughter of the Prime Minister, which can be said to be a deep slander to the ancients. There was no champion in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and there was no such thing as not marrying the prime minister's daughter. In this regard, Lu You once lamented in the Southern Song Dynasty: "Who is in charge behind the scenes and listens to Cai Zhonglang every other village."
It is impossible for Cai Yong to win the highest prize, but it is a fact that his talent was universally recognized at that time. During the reign of Emperor Ling of Han Dynasty, there were many errors in proofreading books, so he wrote books on the stone tablet and outside the university. At that time, the students of later generations were studying in this stone, reading what Mo wrote every day. These stone tablets were damaged by unrest and fire in Luoyang. 1800 years later, farmers in the suburbs of Luoyang dug up several stones with handwriting on them when plowing their fields. They were identified as Cai Yong's calligraphy in those days, and now they are treasured in the History Museum.
Cai Yong is a great writer and calligrapher. Liang Wudi called him: "The book of Cai Yong is full of vigor and vitality, and it is refreshing." Fan Wenlan, a contemporary historian, said: "The art of writing in the Han Dynasty reached its highest level when Cai Yong wrote the Shijing." His calligraphy is neat but not dull, quiet and vivid. In addition to the Book of Songs in Jiaping, it is said that Cao E's tablet was also written by him, with natural composition, strong brushwork and ups and downs of words, without seeking beauty, but with simple and innocent interest.
Besides, Cai Yong is good at astronomy, mathematics and physics. He is a leader in Luoyang's literary world, such as Yang Ci, Ma, and Cao Cao, who later became a great master. He often goes to Cai Yong House and asks Cai Yong for advice.
Cai Wenji was born in such a family. He is knowledgeable, literate, good at poetry and prose, eloquent, and cadence is natural. 2. Father and daughter Jiao Tong made a famous piano.
At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, in order to escape the war, Cai Wenji followed his father Cai Yong to build a house in the southeast of Yangpingling in Liyang (now Guanshan), Changzhou, when Wenxi was only seven years old. Cai Yong is a famous writer and calligrapher. He lives in seclusion between mountains and rivers, writes books and teaches his daughter to read and learn the piano. As long as the villagers hear the sound of Youyang's book and piano, they will know that Mr. Cai is taking his daughter to write poetry and paint, read and play the piano again.
One day, Wenxi and his father were reading and writing at home when they suddenly heard the crackle of firewood burning in the neighbor's stove. The father said to his daughter, "What a good material to make guqin! Let's go and have a look and save it! " "Wenxi followed his father to the neighbor's house and saw a stout buttonwood burning in the kitchen. The crunchy sound is naturally emitted when burning. Wenxi walked up to her neighbor and said, "Auntie, this buttonwood tree is a good material for piano. Would you please replace it with other firewood? " The old lady said, "Yes. If you want to use it, I will give it to you. "Wen Xi and his father are very happy. They quickly took the burning buttonwood out of the stove, doused it with water, and then moved home. The father and the daughter let it dry, removed the burnt skin, and finally made an extraordinary guqin according to the tune of the palace merchants, which was later called one of the four famous guqin in China. Because one end of this piece of piano material has been burnt, it is called "Wei Jiaoqin".
Since then, villagers have often heard Wen Xi and his father play Wei Jiaoqin, which has added endless fun to their quiet life. Wenxi had a happy childhood, but the change of the times interrupted this happiness.
Wenxi was married three times in her life, and her fate was bumpy. Ding Kuang described her marriage in Aifu, Cai Bo.
Cai Wenji married Wei Zhongdao at the age of 16. The Wei family was a royal family in Hedong at that time, and Wei Zhongdao was an excellent university student. The couple loved each other very much, but it didn't last long. Less than a year later, Wei Zhongdao died of hemoptysis. The Wei family has never given birth to a son and a half daughter, which is very offensive to them.
She killed her husband, and Cai Wenji, who was just arrogant at that time, resolutely returned to his family despite his father's opposition.
The corruption of the Eastern Han government eventually led to the Huang Uprising, which expanded the local forces represented by powerful landlords. After General He Jin was killed by ten eunuchs, Dong Zhuo marched into Luoyang, killed ten attendants and took control of the state affairs. In order to consolidate his rule, Dong Zhuo deliberately wooed the famous Cai Yong in Beijing, three times a day, worshiped the corps commander, and even later named him Levin Hou. Dong Zhuo's retrogression in North Korea caused the joint opposition of various local forces. Dong Zhuo burned Luoyang and moved to Chang 'an. Dong Zhuo was killed by Lu Bu. Cai Yong was also punished by Tingwei, and Cai Yong asked him to cut off his head in order to complete the history of the Han Dynasty. The literati also expressed sympathy and saved him. Maribe even said, "Is it disappointing that Boyi learns from the world and punishes him?" But in the end, he is bound to die, leaving many topics for discussion, saying that he is a "writer with San Lv and filial piety". Comparing him to Qu Yuan in composition, comparing him to Zeng Shen and filial son, there must be many people who speak ill of him.
After Dong Zhuo's death, his Ministry will capture Chang 'an again, and the situation of warlord scuffle finally took shape. Fan seized the opportunity to plunder soldiers in the Central Plains. In "The Midlands are fragile, all the soldiers are Hu Qiang, they hunt the besieged city vertically, and they know what they are going to do." Horses hang heads, horses carry women, and they drive into the desert with many obstacles. "Due to the situation, Cai Wenji and many captured women were taken to South Xiongnu.
Wenxi was plundered by Xiongnu. She was only 23 years old this year and was accepted as a princess by Zuo. She lived in South Xiongnu for 12 years and gave birth to two sons. During this time, she also learned to play Hu Jia and some foreign languages.
In the 13th year of Jian 'an (208), Cao Cao remembered the friendship of his good friend Cai Yong and learned that Moon Hee was living in the southern Xiongnu. He immediately sent Zhou Jin as a special envoy, carrying 2,000 gold and a pair of white walls, and redeemed her. She is thirty-five years old this year. Under the arrangement of Cao Cao, she married Dong Si, a captain, and the famous "Battle of Red Cliffs" broke out this year.
When Cai Wenji and Dong Si got married, the couple's life was not very harmonious at first. Cai Wenji suffered from chaos and sadness, and he was often in a trance; While Dong Si was in his prime, he was born with good looks, read widely and thought highly of himself. She naturally felt a little uncomfortable with Cai Wenji, but at the behest of the Prime Minister, she was forced to accept her. In the second year after marriage, Dong Si committed a crime and died. Regardless of bad blood, she came to the Prime Minister's Office of Cao Cao to plead. Cao Cao remembered the friendship with Cai Yong in the past and the tragic life experience of Cai Wenji. If Dongsi was executed, Wenxi could hardly survive, so he forgave Dongsi.
From then on, Dong Si appreciated his wife's kindness and re-evaluated Cai Wenji. The husband and wife also saw through the world and lived in the foothills with beautiful scenery and lush trees. A few years later, Cao Cao passed by hunting and visited.
Cai Wenji and Dong Si have a son and a daughter. The daughter married Sima Shi, the son of Sima Yi.
Wenxi is well-read and gifted in music. When she was 6 years old, she listened to her father playing the piano in the hall. Through the wall, she recognized the voice of his father playing the first string. Father was surprised and deliberately broke the fourth string, which was actually pointed out by her. When she grew up, she became a piano superman. She misses her motherland in Alakazam day and night. After returning to the Han Dynasty, referring to the timbre of Hu people and combining his own tragic experience, he composed a sad and heartbreaking piano piece, Eighteen Beats of Hu Jia.
Wenxi is getting married. She is an only child and the apple of her parents' eye. Her parents asked her which dowry to prepare. Wen Xi said, "I like reading and playing the piano. Jiao is a family heirloom, and its voice is crisp. My father's books such as Cao Qin and The Book of Songs are also very good, so I will show them to my daughter. " Parents readily agreed.
Wenxi married Wei Zhongdao, and they treated each other like guests, singing poems and playing the piano. Jiao Qin Wei enriched their happy life. Later, her husband died, and she was captured by the Huns and was displaced. Jiao Qin Wei has been with her.
According to legend, when Cai Wenji interceded for Dong Si, Cao Cao was deeply saddened to see Cai Wenji in the severe winter, and ordered someone to bring her a headscarf, shoes and socks and let her live in her own house until Dong Si came back. In a chat with Cai Wenji, Cao Cao expressed his admiration for the original library in Cai Wenji. When Cai Wenji told him that the 4,000 books hidden in his home had been lost after several wars, he immediately said, "In that case, how about ordering ten bookkeepers to copy them in Zunfu?" Cai Wenji replied in fear, "I heard that there are differences between men and women. I don't give gifts to my relatives. I begged for a cursive pen. It is really grass. " In this way, Cai Wenji wrote 400 articles from memory, all of which were correct, which satisfied Cao Cao's curiosity and showed Cai Wenji's talent.
Cai Wenji's works handed down from generation to generation include Eighteen Beats of Hu Jia and Poems of Sorrow and Anger, which are called the first autobiographical five-character narrative poem written by literati in the history of China poetry. "True feelings are poor in nature" and passion is sour, which is integrated into Jian 'an's poems.
Eighteen beats of Hu Jia is a lyric poem of ancient Yuefu Qin music.
Hu Jia is a wind instrument popular in Saibei and the Western Regions in Han Dynasty. Its sound is sad, and its descendants are shaped like three-hole wooden pipes. Why Hu Jia is also Qin Qu? Shang Liu, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, said in the preface to Hu Jia Qu: "Hu people yearn for the moon, but they roll reed leaves to play sad sounds, and Dong Sheng writes Hu Jia's sound on the piano for eighteen beats." The last beat of this poem also says, "Hu Jia makes Hu, and it is in tune." It is known that it was originally a song, and later it was turned into a piano music by Dong Sheng.
Eighteen beats, the music is eighteen movements and the lyrics are eighteen paragraphs. In the first beat, the so-called "playing the piano for a while" means that when Hu Jia blows a paragraph and an ensemble rings, it is just a movement of the piano music. The form of this poem has the characteristics of both Sao style (with the word "Xi" in the sentence) and Bai Liang style (with seven sentences, each rhyming), but it is not a simple introduction to Cai Yan, and it can also be called quasi-Sao style and quasi-Bai Liang style.
The structure of the whole article can be divided into three parts: beginning, middle and end. The first beat is the beginning, always talking about the turmoil of the times and the humiliation suffered by individuals; From the second shot of being exiled to the west to the seventeenth shot of being released to the east, the middle abdomen lasted for twelve years, which was divided into two periods: homesickness and missing children. The last shot is the end, echoing the beginning of the article and bearing resentment.
The lyric hero's experience is unique, just as the poem repeatedly wrote "I am the most bitter because I am full of life" and "I am the only unlucky person who is not arrogant" (see four beats). However, through his own special experience, he showed his homesickness for his parents and children, which was full of characteristics of the times and embodied the fine tradition of national spirit. In that era of great turmoil (the first shot), homesickness and affection were the feelings of the broad masses of people and foot soldiers who had left their homes and abandoned their wives and children.
From the perspective of historical inheritance, as a weak woman, being in a foreign country, she was accepted as a concubine, gave birth to two sons, and won the honor (The Hu People spoil me, I have two sons), which is the same as Su Wu's behavior of being exiled to Beihai by Xiongnu for 19 years without changing national integrity. RoyceWong's Ode to the Building said: "When you play quietly and Chu, Zhuang Xian sings more and more. Human feelings are the same as cherishing the soil, poor and disloyal. " It is a comprehensive summary of this unique and persistent feeling of "cherishing the soil".
Cai Yan in the poem is not only attached to the hot land where she was born, but also full of national feelings. Judging from her attachment to the erhu when she left Hu Di, her persistent dream and endless sorrow after losing her flesh and blood, she is still a woman with strong traditional virtues of maternal love. But the touching feature of this artistic image lies not only in its beautiful moral character and rich feelings, but also in its misfortune, that is, the tragic fate of the characters. After being plundered, she lived in Alakazam, her heart was tied to her motherland, and she was always tortured by physical and mental contradictions. When her long-cherished wish to return to China came true, the pain of losing new flesh and blood followed. "Returning home" and "mother-child reunion" are both beautiful, and everyone should enjoy them, but she can't have both. People always sympathize with the weak and the unfortunate, not to mention a weak woman, but also a weak woman with good moral character and rich feelings.
These are tears of sympathy.
The greatest feature of this poem in shaping the artistic image of the lyric hero is its strong subjective expression, which is first reflected in the handling of the relationship between lyric and narrative.
Poets completely abandon pure objective narration, which is always full of emotion. Narrative passages in the poem, such as the second beat about exile in the West, the eleventh beat about the birth of the second son in Alakazam, the thirteenth beat about the return of another son, and the seventeenth beat about his re-entry into Chang 'an, are all affectionate sighs. It's also about being exiled to the west. In the five-character "Poems of Sorrow and Anger", it is written that "there is no remnant, and the corpses support each other." Horses hang heads, horses carry women ",which is famous for its meticulous narrative and realistic details;" In the second beat of "Eighteen Beats of Hu Jia", it is said: "Yunshan is heavy and rushing, and the wind is thousands of miles away. Many people are as violent as snakes, controlling arrogance and extravagance, which shows the poet's distinct feelings of loving monks everywhere-"Yunshan" is connected with the thought of homeland, and "flurry" is connected with the suffering of the road. The metaphor of "snake" in the sentence of "many people" and the evaluation of "arrogance" in the sentence of "serial control" are all true feelings.
There are not many paragraphs in the poem, and more often they are brought out by the way when they are lyrical, that is to say, they are narrated for lyricism. For example, in order to express the feelings of "learning from a painful experience" and "mourning for its animals and hating its people", I wrote about the customs of Alakazam (the third beat), and in order to explain that I can't adapt to the daily life of Alakazam, I wrote about the daily life of Hu people (the sixth and seventh beats).
* * * Strong subjective expression is mainly reflected in the suddenness of emotional expression. The feelings of poetry often come and go suddenly and become incredible. Sometimes when it comes to the pen, you don't avoid repetition. For example, asking God appears four times before and after, in the first beat, the eighth beat, the ninth beat and the sixteenth beat respectively. Sometimes, there is no trace-for example, the fourth beat (No Day and No Night) is a generous expression of grievances from the perspective of personal experience, and the fifth beat (Nanyan) suddenly becomes a cold artistic conception to express feelings for geese; The tenth beat of writing about the atmosphere of war should be connected with the sixth and seventh beats of writing about food, clothing, housing and transportation, in order to express homesickness, but the eighth and ninth beats of blaming God are inserted in the middle. "The so-called' undirected thinking' just came to the sea and rebuilt Yaochi." (Xie Zhen's Four Poems, Volume 4) The irrationalization of this emotional expression itself is an important symbol of strong subjective feelings.
Strong subjective expression of * * * color features, in the lyrical way and language use also left a distinct mark.
Poets often take the word "I" as the head and do not shy away; I also like to exaggerate and do my best. At the beginning of the poem, the word "I" is used to create momentum, followed by the sentence "Heaven is heartless and I am separated, and the earth is heartless and makes me meet this time", which is "Heaven and earth are heartless and everything is a grass dog" ("Lao Zi"). What courage and guts! The eighth shot of "Why don't you see me drifting alone"? God, what happened? I live up to God. What makes me different? I live up to God's fear of God. Why should I go to the desert state? This series of repeated questions put "Heaven" and "God" on the trial bench as defendants.
The article is full of exaggerated statements and words, such as "I don't think about my hometown day and night, I am the most bitter." No one cares about natural disasters in troubled times, but I am unlucky (the fourth beat), but I am not forced to go into exile (the fourth beat), "The sky is boundless and my heart is sad" (the ninth beat), "Everything has four seasons of ups and downs, but I am sad for a while" (the fourteenth beat), "I am bitter and bitter, but the Liuhe is too wide to bear" (the eighteenth beat).
The successful shaping of the artistic image of the lyric hero also benefits from the in-depth and delicate psychological description.
Why doesn't the heroine take death as the solar term under the condition of "kindness and kindness, saving righteousness and losing money"? The eleventh beat reveals the secret (see the fourth sentence of "I am not greedy for life and hate death" quoted above), which shows that she lives only out of deep local thoughts. Because this explanation reveals the ideological and emotional basis of the character's activities, it not only eliminates the misunderstanding that may be caused to this character image, but also makes her amiable and respectable. The thirteenth beat expresses the pain of another child, and the fourteenth beat tells the pain of remembering a child. Although the specific writing is different-the thirteenth beat is expressed by imagination and action, and the fourteenth beat is based on dreams, but it is vivid and vivid in expressing the psychological changes of the characters under certain circumstances. The most striking psychological description in the poem is the description of the emotional entanglement between returning home and other children. The poet deeply realized that "it is difficult to live in two places again", so he didn't worry about it. He repeatedly said, for example, "I'm glad to be alive, I'm glad to say goodbye to my children for no reason" (the twelfth beat), "I'm willing to return, and I'm glad to return to Han." My heart is full of sadness, the sun and the moon are selfless, and it is difficult to separate mother and child (the fifteenth beat). "I don't want my son to go back to his hometown now, to make up old grievances and new ones" (the sixteenth beat). Through constant repetition, it plays an important role in emphasizing and deepening the performance of ambivalence, thus highlighting the plight and pain of the characters.
Lu Shiyong, an Amin, said in his poem "A Summary of Poetry Mirrors": "The wind in Tokyo has declined, and Ying Ying, Cai Wenji, is also talented. Reading "Hu Jia Yin" (press, that is, "Hu Jia Eighteen Beats") can make people sit still, shake up, and Sha Fei get up, which is a fierce hug. " Cai Yan, known as Cai Wenji's qualification and accomplishment, is a well-read and versatile woman. Her fate is so tragic, her married life is so unfortunate, and the world feels sad and sighs!
Wen Xi is also good at calligraphy, and his brushwork "Chunhua Pavilion Post" was included in the Song Dynasty. Throughout Cai Wenji's life, especially after she returned to Han Dynasty, she inherited her father's footsteps and wrote The Book of Continued Han Dynasty. We can't help but say that she has made outstanding contributions to the ancient culture of the motherland.
Key cultural relics protection units in Shaanxi Province. It is located about 100 meters northwest of Cai Wangzhuang Village, Lisan Town, Lantian County, southeast of Xi City. She was a famous poetess in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. He is knowledgeable and versatile, and can distinguish his temperament. He was absent from Xiongnu 12 years because of the war. Cao Cao thought that he was virtuous and longed for talents, and redeemed him with gold. Buried here after death. 199 1 year, Cai Wenji Memorial Hall was established, and Cai Wenji's Poems of Sorrow and Indignation, Eighteen Beats of Hu Jia and The History of the Later Han Dynasty and Dong Sichuan were displayed in the museum. ?
The play Cai Wenji.
Country/Region: China
Type: Drama/Stage Art
Length: 170 minutes
Introduction:
Drama. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Central Plains was at war. Cai Yong's daughter Cai Wenji was trapped among rebels and refugees. He was rescued by Zuo, a southern Xiongnu, and gave birth to a son and a daughter with Zuo. 12 years later, Cao Cao pacified the Central Plains, and in order to make a career in sandwich and music education, he sent Dongsi and Zhou Jin to the Huns to redeem Cai Wenji. On the way back to Han, Dong Si fell, and Wenxi and Zhou Jinxian returned to his home. Zhou Jin falsely accused Dong Si and Cai Wenji of misconduct, Wen Xi rehabilitated them, and Cao Cao was strict with Zhou Jin and promoted Dong Si. Eight years later, Wen Xi sorted out more than 400 pieces of Cai Yong's posthumous works. South Xiongnu Hu Chuchun Khan came to the DPRK to congratulate him, bringing Wenxi's children and Zuo's orphans. Cao Cao personally arranged the marriage between Cai Wenji and Dongsi.