Every time when the yellow leaves are flying, looking up at the frosty sky, you can often see groups of swans flying south. They form neat rows, sometimes arranged one by one, and sometimes crossed to form a line. The ancients often called them wild goose formation, wild goose, wild goose sequence, etc. Geese are migratory birds, migrating in spring and autumn, so they naturally become the object of sentimental literati and poets. In the Book of Songs, the earliest collection of poems in my country, there is a poem: "The wild goose is flying, and its feathers are solemn." The son is in the war, and he is working in the wild. ?'s poem. In ancient poetry, the image of wild geese is often endowed with rich emotions by poets, and is often closely related to the change of seasons, the passage of time, the wanderer traveling against the rails, and the missing woman leaning on the railing. It may exaggerate the atmosphere to express the sadness of the environment; it may describe the scenery to express the lofty and vast outline; it may refer to the letter to express the ardent expectations, or it may compare with oneself to express the loneliness and loneliness; or it may touch the wanderer's longing for his wife and express his deep nostalgia for family. The richness of images and expressions are beyond the reach of other objects.
1. Trigger nostalgia and family affection, and express the lingering longing of a wanderer missing his wife
Geese are migratory birds, migrating with the changes of seasons, flying north in spring and returning south in autumn. When the seasons change, the wild geese seem to be struggling to fly back to their hometown. This feature often evokes people's subtle emotions of homesickness and sadness of separation. Therefore, poets often use wild geese to express their emotions, expressing their deep nostalgia and family affection that will never fade forever. ?The scenery is different when autumn comes under the fortress, and the geese in Hengyang leave without paying attention. ? (Fan Zhongyan's "The Proud Fisherman"); ?On the battlefield, things change and stars move. When geese can return home, when will people return? ?The garrison drum breaks the pedestrian line, and there is a sound of wild geese on the edge of autumn. ? (Du Fu's "Remembering My Brother on a Moonlit Night");? In the dead of night, people are homesick, and the wild geese in autumn are ruthless. Why do they cry to break people's hearts? ? Geese crow in the sky with red leaves, people are intoxicated in the field of yellow flowers, and banana rain sounds in autumn dreams. ? (Zhang Kejiu's "The Qingjiang Leads to Autumn Embrace"); The sky is full of red leaves, yellow flowers are piled up, and the rain is falling, and the geese will naturally cry sadly. It's also homesickness. Who can be as emotional as Zhang Kejiu? He is obsessed with the green mountains, returning to the wild geese in the autumn, and homesick for the tired guests. ? ("Order of Gui Gui"); Who can be as solemn and melancholy as Lu Rui? The wet clouds stick to the shadows of wild geese, looking at the road is so melancholy that it is difficult to calm down. ? ("Ruihexian"); Who can be as upset as Zhao Gu? The hometown heart is infinite, and a wild goose flies across the south tower. ? ("Cold Pond"). In the same way, who can wait as hard as Li Qingzhao to write about the relationship between friends? Who in the clouds will send brocade books? When Yan Zi returns, the moon is full on the west tower. ? ("A Cut of Plum Blossoms"); Who can be as empty and melancholy as the missing woman in Li Yu's works? The chrysanthemums are blooming, but the chrysanthemums are withered, and the wild geese are flying high. ? ("Longing Love"); Who can be like Zhang Kejiu's song "Missing the Wife"? The loss of Yi makes people haggard? "White geese write cold clouds in the sky, and Qingluan is a thin jade woman in the mirror." ? ("Water Fairy"). Guiyan, do you know how many wanderers are tossing and turning for you, unable to sleep at night; how many longing women look through the autumn water for you and cry heartbrokenly, please don't do it again? Yanyan has no intention, and goes with the clouds on the west bank of Taihu Lake. ? (Jiang Kui's "Dian Jiang Lips").
2. Refers to letters and news
Geese have the habit of migrating every year, and they are accurate. There is a folk song spread in rural areas of North China: The rivers are open in the seventh and ninth years, but the rivers are not open, and the wild geese come in the eighth and ninth year. Always come. Therefore, the ancients regarded it as a "messenger" of news. There are idioms such as the wild goose goes and the fish comes, the wild goose passes and the fish sinks, the wild goose fishes and so on. There is also the story of "Hongyan Chuan Shu" in history. According to the "Han Shu Biography of Su Wu", Su Wu in the Western Han Dynasty was sent as an envoy to the Huns, but was exiled to Beihai to shepherd sheep by the Hun monarch. After Su Wu endured the humiliation for more than ten years, the Han Dynasty reconciled with the Xiongnu. The Han Dynasty sent envoys to the Huns again, demanding that Su Wu be released back to the Han Dynasty, but the Chanyu was still unwilling to release him and lied that Su Wu was dead. At this time, the entourage who went on an envoy to the Xiongnu with Su Wu told the Han envoy the true situation and asked the Han envoy to say to Shan Yu: When the emperor of the Han Dynasty was hunting, he shot a wild goose flying from the north. There was a letter attached, saying that Su Wu was not dead and was still shepherding sheep in Beihai. After hearing this, Shan Yu had no choice but to let Su Wu go. Later, people called the messenger who delivered the letter "Hongyan". For example, Du Fu's poem "Embrace Li Bai at the end of the day": "The cool breeze rises at the end of the day, what do you think of the gentleman?" When will the swan geese arrive? There will be plenty of autumn water in the rivers and lakes.
?Another example is his poem "Thirty-Fifth Anniversary of Gao Zhan": ?There are many wild geese in the sky, and there are enough carps in the pond. We've seen each other half a hundred times, but you don't want to send a single line of writing? ?Another example is Wang Wan's "Under the Cibeigu Mountain": ?Where can the local sounds reach? Return to Yanluoyang.
In these poems, Qiuyan has become synonymous with letters without exception, expressing the poet's true thoughts and beautiful expectations.
3. Compare yourself to express the pain of loneliness
The wild geese move in an orderly manner, which is majestic and magnificent, but the wild geese that lose their flock will also become more lonely and miserable. Therefore, the poet Whenever I suffer hardships, have unrealized ambitions, have a bumpy career, or fail to find my talents, I will naturally think of Lone Goose. Sometimes it is to express one's own arrogance and unyieldingness, such as the missing moon hanging on the sparse tung trees, which breaks one's initial tranquility. Who sees a lonely person walking around alone? Misty and solitary shadow. ? (Su Shi's "Bu Shuzi"); ?Gu Hong is outfield, and birds are singing in the northern forest. Wandering, where will I see? Worrying makes me sad. ? (Ruan Ji's "Poetry of Ode to Huai"). Sometimes it expresses one's loneliness and helplessness, such as: "People are like clouds on the top of the mountain, and no one cares whether they gather or disperse." You are like a solitary cloud, but I am like a wild goose wandering away from the flock. ? (Zhou Zizhi's "Business Operator"); ?The lonely crocodile on the sand is still smiling at me, and the stalks are drifting. ? (Zhao Ding's "Langtaosha"). Sometimes it expresses one's loneliness and confusion, for example, "I want to ask where Gu Hong is going, but I don't know my life experience." ? (Li Shangyin's "Sunset Tower"); ?Lonely, I read far away from high altitude, and toward the south tower, there is a sound of flying geese returning home. ? (Chen Liang's "Water Dragon Song").
4. Exaggerate the atmosphere and write about the tragic and desolate scene
In the autumn and winter when the wind is biting and the dust blocks the sun, when a group of wild geese fly majestically across the sky and scream sadly. When the sound is heard, it can also evoke the aesthetic feelings of the ancients, which may be majestic and tragic, or miserable and sad. This feeling is especially strong for frontier poets. Therefore, in order to express his feelings, poets sometimes deliberately use the image of flying geese to exaggerate the environment. For example, in Gao Shi's "Farewell to Dongda", "Thousands of miles of yellow clouds are shining in the white sun, and the north wind is blowing the geese and the snow is falling." The wild geese blowing in the north wind describe the desolate outline of the desert outside the Great Wall; for example, in Li Qi's "Ancient Military March", the wild geese fly away night after night, and Hu'er's tears fall. ?Using the wailing of Hu Yan to describe the majestic and tragic appearance of the battlefield; another example is Zhang Kejiu's "The sound of geese is old and the reed leaves are old, and the shadow of the heron is dreaming of the cold flowers." ? ("Zhonglu? Red Embroidered Shoes"), Tang Yanqian's ?Dan Lake sees off the boat on the lake, and the white geese crow and the remaining reed leaves fall. ("Farewell"), using the sound of wild geese and the cry of wild geese respectively to describe the coldness and desolation of the environment, effectively exaggerating the atmosphere of farewell.
5. Magnificently describe the lofty and vast scenery
In many cases, swan geese appear in the writings of literati as a sad and sad image of autumn, but after all, they are closely related to crickets and chirping birds. The beauty of autumn insects such as cicadas is different. Listening to the low hum of autumn insects can't help but feel the loneliness of the end of the world. Watching the formation of swan geese marching south sometimes makes people open-minded and uplifting. ?The autumn colors are dull, but there are red polygonums on the autumn face; the autumn wind blows on the ground, and there are only a few ten thousand sounds. But I saw Bin Hong rushing into the autumn sky and letting him go freely. ?It is a vivid grasp of the aesthetic characteristics of Hongyan. Swan geese are good at migrating, and their flight is vigorous and powerful. They are not as fierce and unruly as eagles and harriers, nor are they as light and erratic as cranes and herons, giving people an aesthetic feeling of perseverance and strength. On a windy and rainy spring day or a frosty and cold autumn night, when swan geese soar in formation and fly majestically across the sky, it will naturally become a beautiful scenery, dotting the starry sky, and making people wander. Cheerful and open-minded. For example, a long wind blows thousands of miles to send autumn geese, and you can enjoy this in a high-rise building. ? (Li Bai's "Farewell to the Secretary Shu Yun at Xie Tiao Tower in Xuanzhou"); ?The bright moon is thousands of miles away in Dongting, and the cool breeze is accompanied by the cries of wild geese in the sky. ? ("Song of the Emperor's Son" by Li He); ?Thousands of white waves are blown by the wind, and a line of wild geese spots the blue sky. ? (Bai Juyi's "The Strange Scenery Viewed from the River Tower at Night"); ("Picking Mulberries" by Xie Yi); "In the clear night, the temple is full of wild geese rushing into the smoke." ? (He Chong's "Enter the Room with Zhu Qingyu and Su Yi in the West") etc.
In short, the highly charged image of wild geese, with its rich, profound and unique personality, affects the emotions of literati and poets, forming China’s unique wild goose culture and exuding lasting art. charm. ("The Qingjiang Leads to Autumn Feelings") The sky is full of red leaves, yellow flowers are piled up, and the rain is falling, and the wild geese are naturally singing sadly. It's also homesick. Who can be as emotional as Zhang Kejiu? ?