Design mainly refers to imagination, planning, planning and conception. The meaning of design is very broad, and the definition of design is also controversial. In Longman English-Chinese Dictionary, design is explained as follows: as a verb, it means design, drawing, planning, planning and reservation; As nouns, there are floor plans, design drawings, patterns, pattern design, arts and crafts design and decorative patterns. The Practical English-Chinese Dictionary interprets the word English Design as a verb, which means to design, conceive and plan. As nouns, there are plans, sketches, patterns, styles and plans in mind.
Design is a creative activity for human beings to achieve a certain goal, and it is the most basic activity for human beings to survive and develop. It is included in the formation of all man-made things. In this sense, since humans consciously made and used primitive tools and decorations, human design civilization began to sprout.
In the grinding stone age, the refined stone tools after grinding showed excellent aesthetic feeling and the producer's ability to control the shape. Exquisite flaky stone tools made in primitive society are not only produced because they are pleasing to the eye, but also proved to be effective in use. It is a basic feature of human design activities to combine use with aesthetics and endow objects with both material and spiritual functions. In a word, design is imagination, operation, planning and budgeting, and it is a creative activity carried out by human beings to achieve a certain goal. The definition of design is very broad and varied. In the book "Human Reason and Design Science" by Yang Li, a domestic scholar, there are 1 1 definitions about art design, and one of them thinks that design is "an activity to change man-made things". This final definition applies not only to the work of engineers, architects and other professional designers, but also to the activities of economic planners, legislators, managers, social activists, applied researchers, protesters and politicians, as well as the activities of groups under pressure to change products, markets, cities, service organizations, public opinion and laws. In form and content.
Second, what is art?
As for art, teche in Greek and ars in Latin both mean skill and skill. In ancient times, art was not only related to beauty and morality, but also to practicality. In ancient China, ceremony, music, shooting, imperial, writing and counting were the "six arts", while in Japan, incense, tea ceremony, singing and dancing and music were also called entertainment. In the west, the aesthetic view of art is gradually emerging. Painting, sculpture and early architecture are not among the liberal arts, and there was no muse in charge from the ancient west to the Middle Ages. Because the modern west pays more and more attention to the relationship between art and beauty, the so-called concept of art is finally formed, which is different from applied art. Early human design and artistic activities are integrated. Only with the finer division of labor and stronger professionalism in various industries, the concept of art has also changed.
Third, the relationship between art and design.
Kant believes that there are two kinds of beauty, namely, freedom beauty and dependence beauty, and the latter contains the purpose of the object. For Kant, purpose is a more priority aesthetic principle, which is close to function. Design is a special art, and the creative process of design is an artistic creative process that follows the practice law of seeking beauty. This practical pursuit of beauty is not "makeup", but creation with special design and language. Such as industrial design is often called industrial art, advertising design is called advertising art, and so on. Design is regarded as an artistic activity and an aspect of artistic production. The constant pursuit of design beauty determines the inevitable artistic content in design. The sketch or model of the design itself may have independent aesthetic value. Undeniably, many forms of industrial design works are closely related to modern sculpture and painting. During the Bauhaus period, the abstract form of structuralism was strikingly similar to new plastic painting and sculpture. Kandinsky's abstract constructivism painting and the design of famous postcards are also constructivism styles. The composition of red, yellow and blue by the Dutch painter Monterian has directly influenced the design of red, yellow and blue chairs in Rittweld, which shows that art has a considerable influence on the design, and vice versa. If we accept this fact, the obvious difference between art and design will no longer exist. Modern architecture is an art form, and industrial products are also art, at least in part. In modern times, the distance between design and art is narrowing day by day, and the emergence of new art forms can easily induce new design concepts, and new design concepts can easily become an opportunity for the emergence of new art forms.
From ancient times to the present, the artistic pursuit of design is embodied in designing products. The painted pottery bottle with small mouth and sharp bottom in Banpo painted pottery culture is sharp bottom, which is convenient for fixed use in the pit. The ear of the bottle is in the right position, so you can tie a rope, and you can grasp the center of gravity when lifting it, which is convenient for fetching water and pouring water. The bottle has a black spiral pattern on a red background. 1968, Allen Jones designed a popular style coffee table. The supporting role below is a very realistic statue, in which a half-naked woman kneels and supports the glass countertop with her spine. This modeling and design concept surprised orthodox designers. The naked woman is a statue, and the colorful sculpture is very realistic, full of fun and banter. All kinds of shapes have their own functions and aesthetic feeling.
Different design categories reflect their different artistic characteristics and different aesthetic feelings. During the period of 1950' s, three famous chairs designed by Danish architect and designer Jacobson, namely, the "ant" chair, the "swan" chair and the "egg" chair, reflected the sense of wholeness and sculpture from rigid functionalism to exquisite details. This design gave birth to modern organic sculpture art.
Looking at the historical background of the emergence and development of modern design, the change of art has influenced many design fields in a radical way. The development of art and design go hand in hand, and both are pursuing an ideal form that can reflect the essence of the spirit of the times. At the beginning of this century, the abstract form of art, especially the geometric form, directly affected the modernization of design, and the exploration of design also affected the art form. The combination of the two gave birth to machine aesthetics, and Bauhaus typically represented the achievements of art promoting design and combining art with design.
Artists' participation in design research and practice can promote design progress. William morris, the "father of modernism", is a typical example. Designers pay attention to art, invest in art research and promote design progress. Take Bauhaus's student and teacher Brewer as an example. /kloc-entered Weimar Bauhaus in 0/920, studied under artists Eton and Kandinsky, and received relevant training, which laid a good foundation for his later furniture design. The cooperation between designers and artists is more likely to promote design progress. Artists, including directors, actors, screenwriters, musicians, dancers, producers and stage artists, can cooperate to produce many excellent films, TV dramas and advertisements, which is the result of the cooperation between art and design.
Fourthly, the relationship between design and art should be avoided
The relationship between design and art needs to avoid the tendency of designing for art's sake, deny the scientificity, technicality and economy of design, and treat design as a pure art, so that design becomes an armchair strategist, and science, technology, production, circulation, consumption and materials become irrelevant concepts. At the same time, we should avoid denying the spiritual function of material products and the artistic characteristics of design, and treat design as a purely scientific and technological industry, which obviously leads to the purely technical viewpoint of design, sketch, color, pattern, composition and so on becoming furnishings, and artistic ideas, skills, styles and traditions becoming boring words. Finally, the relationship between art and design is a kind of connection, they are not isolated and static. Design is only regarded as the traditional pattern of national and folk arts and crafts, and the art is still Soviet sketch and watercolor. Especially when studying and promoting design, we should not only focus on traditional or foreign culture, but also focus on the localization and modernization of design.