? Cao Cao is more enlightened politically, strengthening centralization and restraining local strongmen; Selection is based on merit, regardless of birth. Cao Cao used his talents to break the concept of family status, win over the middle and lower classes of the landlord class, suppress the strongmen and strengthen centralization. The social economy of the ruling area has been restored and developed. He is good at the art of war, and has written books such as A Brief Explanation of Sun Tzu's Art of War, Sun Tzu's Art of War, and Meng De's New Book. Good poems, such as Travel Notes in Haoli, Watching the Sea and The Life of a Turtle, express his political ambitions and reflect the miserable life of the people in the late Han Dynasty. He is magnificent, generous and sad, and his achievements are extraordinary. Cao cao's positive role in unifying the north. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, due to political darkness, social production was severely damaged, and people could not live, and finally a vigorous Yellow Scarf Uprising broke out. However, under the historical conditions at that time, the peasant uprising could not achieve the final victory, which was followed by the disintegration of the Eastern Han Dynasty and the warlord scuffle. In the scuffle, not only Liangzhou warlords such as Dong Zhuo and Li Jue slaughtered people and robbed property everywhere, but also the eastern generals "fought to the enemy" under the banner of diligent king. Therefore, there is a bleak scene of "people eat people and the state is depressed". But relatively speaking, there are still differences between warlords. Take Cao Cao as an example. Although he suppressed the peasant uprising and killed innocent people, from his political, military and economic performance, he was better than the warlord he eliminated. For example, he reclaimed land, built water conservancy projects and implemented the system of selling salt and iron by officials, which played a positive role in social and economic recovery and economic rectification.
? Cao Cao has profound cultivation in literature, calligraphy and music. His literary achievements are mainly reflected in today's poems and essays. There are more than twenty poems by Cao Cao, all of which are Yuefu poems.
? His works related to current affairs include Lu Luxing, Good Li Xing, Bitter Cold Travel, Walking Out of Xiamen, etc. Two songs, Autumn Journey and Good, were written in the early years of Jian 'an. The foregoing reflects that He Jinmou murdered eunuchs, and Dong Zhuo went to Luoyang for insurrection. The second article is about the states and counties in Kanto, each with its own ambitions, fighting with each other, and keeping pace with each other in content. Poetry describes this historical process in concise language, so it is called "A Record of the Late Han Dynasty, an authentic work of poetry history" (Zhong Xing's Ancient Poems Return). What is particularly commendable is that in the poem "A Journey to Luxury", he wrote the profound sufferings of the broad masses of the people in the war in a sympathetic tone: "When a cockroach is born, everyone dies, and the bones are exposed in the wild, and there are no crows in a thousand miles. There are hundreds of people left behind, which makes people feel sad. " A Journey to Bitter Cold was written in the 11th year of Jian 'an. The poem describes the coldness, desolation and precipitousness of Taihang Mountain in winter, with vivid images, and also writes the poet's inner complex feelings. "Out of Xiamen" was written in the twelfth year of Jian 'an, and the five rings levied three counties. This poem includes "Yan" (prelude) and four explanations. Yan concentrated on the poet's complex mood when he went to war. Explain "Watching the Sea" and write the impressions when marching through Jieshi; Second, explain Winter in October. Third, write about what you saw and heard on your way home. Fourth, explain "although the tortoise lives long" and write about the ideological activities after winning this important battle. Among them, "Looking at the Sea" describes the seascape, "The autumn wind is bleak, the waves are rough, and the trip between the sun and the moon is unexpected; If the stars are brilliant, unexpected and magnificent, it embodies the poet's broad mind of embracing the universe and devouring the sun and the moon. "Although a turtle lives for a long time" expresses the poet's view on life and career with a series of vivid metaphors: "An old man riding on a horse, aiming at a thousand miles, a martyr died with great courage". This is the true confession of the poet's active and enterprising spirit all his life.
The poems that mainly express ideals are Du Guan Shan, Duijiu, and Short Song. The first two articles are about political ideals. His vision of peace and prosperity is the politics of virtuous monarch and good minister, which combines Confucianism and law with kindness and prestige. This is undoubtedly of progressive significance under the realistic background of social destruction in the late Han Dynasty. The theme of "Short Song" is to be thirsty for talents. With poems such as "the mountain is not too high, the sea is not too deep, the duke of Zhou vomits food, and the world returns to the heart", he expressed his desire to seek talents and recruit talents to achieve his great cause.
In artistic style, Cao Cao's poems are unpretentious and unpretentious. They won with deep affection and charm. Poetically, it is characterized by generosity and sadness. Generosity and sadness, originally the keynote of Jian 'an literature, are the most typical and prominent in Cao Cao's poems. In terms of poetic genre, Cao Cao's Yuefu poems did not copy the rules of Han Yuefu, but developed. For example, Lu Luxing and Good Li Xing are both elegies in the Han Yuefu, but he used old topics to express brand-new contents. Cao Cao initiated the tradition of writing current affairs with Yuefu, which had far-reaching influence. A large number of Yuefu poems created by Jian 'an writers and many poets from the Southern and Northern Dynasties to the Tang Dynasty can be said to be the inheritance and development of this tradition.
? Cao Cao's literary achievements are also reflected in his constructive role in Jian 'an literature. Jian 'an literature can flourish under the background of long-term war and social fragmentation, which is inseparable from his attention and promotion. When discussing the reasons for the prosperity of Jian 'an literature, Liu Xie once pointed out that "respecting the monarch and loving poetry and elegance" (the literary mind carves dragons). In fact, the main writers in Jian 'an period were closely related to him. Cao Pi and Cao Zhi are his sons, and the "seven sons" and Cai Yan are also sheltered by him. It can be said that "Ye Group" was formed on the basis of the material conditions he provided; And their creation is also under the influence of his advocacy.
Besides, there are many other articles handed down by Cao Cao, such as: Please increase the list of Guo Jia fiefs, let the counties know its original records, close books with Wang, and pay homage to the old bridge of Taiwei. Simple words, vivid feelings, fluency and frankness.
Allusions:
Quench thirst by thinking of plum-masturbating with illusory hope
Once Cao Cao went out with his troops, and there was no water on the way, so the soldiers were very thirsty. So Cao Cao asked his men to send a message to the soldiers, saying, "There is a large piece of Meilin in front, bearing many plums, which are sweet and sour and can quench your thirst." Hearing this, the soldiers all drooled. With this, they can reach the place where there is water ahead.
Welcome back to Wenxi.
After pacifying the north, Cao Cao was "bereaved" out of pity and nostalgia for his old friend Cai Yong, so he sent messengers to redeem him from Xiongnu and remarried Dong Si, a man surnamed Chen, and asked her to sort out more than 400 books left by Cai Yong, which contributed to the spread of Chinese culture.
He's heroism
On the eve of Battle of Red Cliffs, Cao Cao led an army to drink the horse from the Yangtze River and fought a decisive battle with Sun Quan and Liu Bei. It was a bright moon night, and he put wine and played music on the river to celebrate the generals. When the wine arrived, Cao Cao stood at the bow and sang generously. Su Dongpo called it "drinking near the river, writing poems across the river, and consolidating the heroes in the world" in "Thousand Cliffs Fu".
Dianxiang sells shoes
Cao Cao left his last words before he died, saying, "My ladies-in-waiting concubines and cabaret artists have worked very hard. Let them live in Tongquetai (the site is located in Yecheng site, 20 kilometers southwest of Linzhang County, Hebei Province), arrange them well, put a six-foot bed on the main hall of Zheng Tai, hang a coffin tent, offer sacrifices in the morning and evening, and sing and dance in the tent from morning till night on the first and fifteenth day of each month. You should often visit my tomb in Xiling on the Tongque Terrace. The rest of the incense can be distributed to the ladies, and there is no need to sacrifice. Everyone in every room has nothing to do, so they can learn to make tapes and shoes to sell. "
Poetry appreciation:
Qiuluhang
However, in the twenty-two years of the Han dynasty, it was not good.
Give a monkey a bath and wear a crown.
Hesitant, afraid to break through, because the inaugural king.
Bai Hong is also the first to bear the brunt of Japan's infiltration.
Thieves and ministers hold the national handle to kill the Lord and destroy Yujing.
Swing through the emperor's inheritance, the ancestral temple was burned.
Spread all over the west and cry.
Looking at Belo City, I am very sad.
? Emperor Ling of the Han Dynasty, the 22nd emperor of the Han family, is really inappropriate in employing people. Braise is like a monkey in a coat and hat. He has no wisdom but wants to plan such a big event as killing eunuchs. As a result, because he was indecisive and didn't dare to do it, the emperor was taken out by Zhang Rang and others. Finally, He Jin was killed by Zhang Rang and others. Then Dong Zhuo, the thief, entered Beijing and gained the right of the country. After killing Emperor Han Shao, he also destroyed Luoyang. He completely overthrew the regime of the Han Dynasty and burned down the Liu ancestral hall. So, wrapped in Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty, Liu moved officials and people from one place to Chang 'an, with bones everywhere and crying everywhere. Looking at the battlements in Luoyang, I feel extremely sad like a child.
Haolixing
The soldiers of the Kwantung Army rose up against the cruel people.
On the first day of the first date, General Ding Meng went to attack Dong Zhuo in Chang 'an.
Dong Zhuo's army came together, each with its own plans, looked at each other and refused to stand out.
These two sentences led to the battle of various armies, and then the armies of various armies killed each other.
Yuan Shao's cousin Yuan Shu proclaimed himself emperor in Huainan, and the emperor Yuan Shaomou carved the emperor in the north.
Because of the war, soldiers have long been unable to take off their battle clothes, their armor is covered with lice, and many people have died because of years of war.
The bones were bare in the field, and there was no one among them, and there was no crowing.
It is extremely sad to think that only one person in a hundred people is alive.
? All brave people in Kanto fight those cruel people. At first, I made an appointment with various generals to form an alliance and make concerted efforts to crusade against Chang 'an Zhuo. After the various armies that fought against Dong Zhuo joined forces, because each had its own plans, they could not work together and looked at each other, and no one would take the lead. The word snobbery caused competition among armies, and then the armies killed each other. Yuan Shao's cousin Yuan Shu proclaimed himself emperor in Huainan, and Yuan Shao made a puppet emperor in the north to carve the emperor's seal. Due to the continuous war, soldiers can't take off their combat uniforms for a long time, and their armor is covered with lice. Many people have died in large numbers because of years of war. The bones were exposed in the wild and no one was buried. Thousands of miles are deserted, and chickens crow endlessly. It is extremely sad to think that only one out of 100 ordinary people is still alive.
Ju Chi Shou
Although the tortoise has a long life, it still has its time.
The snake rides the fog and eventually turns to dust.
The old horse lurks, aiming at a thousand miles.
The martyrs were full of courage in their later years.
The surplus and contraction period is not only in the sky;
Blessings that nourish grace can last forever.
I am glad to use this poem to express my inner desire.
Catch a cold
The northern army boarded the Taihang Mountain. How difficult it is to climb this high mountain!
Sakamoto Road is a bumpy road with bumpy wheels.
The wind whistling in the trees and the north wind howling in sorrow.
When the bear was on the sidewalk, tigers and leopards stood on both sides of the street howling.
The valley is desolate, sparsely populated and covered with heavy snow.
Looking up, the long voice sighed, and the long journey was continuous.
How sad I am and I really want to go back to my hometown.
The bridge is too deep to enter, and the army is on the road.
Lost in marching, there is no place to stay at night.
Walking, walking, a long day, the tired horse is hungry and hungry.
He walked along the side of the wolves, chopping wood and cutting ice to fill his stomach.
Thinking of the poem Dongshan deeply touched my grief.
? How difficult it is to climb Taihang Mountain in the Northern Expedition! The catgut road is really rugged, and the wheels are broken all the way. The wind rustled the trees and the north wind roared and wailed. On the road, the bear squatted in front of me, and the tiger and leopard barked. The valley is desolate, sparsely populated and snowy. Looking up at the distance, sighing for a long time, thinking like a tide. How depressed I am, I really want to go back to my hometown. The bridge was broken in deep water, and it was difficult to move forward. The army was wandering halfway. I got lost in the March and had no place to live at night. Walking, walking for a long time, people are tired, thirsty and hungry Walking with a bag on your back, chopping wood, chiseling ice and cooking porridge to satisfy your hunger. Thinking of the poem Dongshan deeply touched my sadness.