Ni surname is the sixth most populous surname in China, and it is quite influential in the Yangtze River basin. Today, the population surnamed Ni accounts for about 0. 1 1% of the national population, and the total population is about 1.4 million.
The Origin and Evolution of Ni Family
Ni surname comes from Cao surname. According to legend, the grandson of the Yellow Emperor is Zhuan Xu Emperor of Levin, and his descendant Ng Wui is Zhu Rong of Yao and Shun. Lu Zhong, the son of Zhu Rong family, has six sons, namely, six clans, one of which is named Cao Tribe with jujube as the clan totem. A branch of Cao's surname takes spiders as clan totems, called Zhu's, which is active in Huaiyang, Henan. In the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty, Zhu Wugong, a descendant of Zhu Licao, moved eastward to the southeast of Zou County, Shandong Province, belonging to the vassal state of Lu. At the beginning of the Spring and Autumn Period, the second son of Emperor Wu of the Jin Dynasty was fatter than Tan, a small town in the east of tengxian, Shandong Province, which was a vassal state of Guo and was also called Xiao. In 473 BC, Chu destroyed Zhu He, so Zhu Heyong came into being. In order to avoid the persecution of the enemy, Tan changed his surname to Ni. The history of Cao's surname Ni is over 1400 years.
Inflow of foreign genes
The Ni clan has hardly had a large influx of blood from other ethnic groups. From time to time, the gene of Ni surname flowed into other ethnic groups, mainly in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and it was important to integrate into the Eight Banners of Manchuria in Northeast China and Tujia and Miao in Southwest China.
The Distribution and Migration of Ni Family in History
In the pre-Qin period, the Ni clan was weak and developed very slowly, mainly distributed in Shandong, and moved south to Jiangsu and Zhejiang in the late Warring States period. After Qin and Han Dynasties, the Ni family spread westward along the Yangtze River, but the main force was still in the east, forming a well-known Ni Qiancheng family in Gaoqing area of Shandong Province. After the Jin Dynasty, due to the war in the north, a large number of Ni surnames migrated to the south, and a gathering center was formed in Jiangsu and Zhejiang during the Tang and Song Dynasties. Until today, Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces are still the concentrated places of Ni surname in China.
In the Song Dynasty, there were about 70,000 people surnamed Ni, accounting for 0.09% of the national population, ranking behind 130 in the Song Dynasty. Zhejiang is the largest province with Ni surname, with a total population of 4 1%. Ni surname is mainly distributed in Zhejiang and Anhui provinces, followed by Fujian, Hubei, Guangdong, Henan and other provinces, forming two major Ni surname gathering areas centered on Zhejiang, Anhui, Hubei, Fujian and Guangdong.
In the Ming Dynasty, there were about 1.6 million people, accounting for 0. 1.8% of the national population, and it rose to the 98th surname in the Ming Dynasty. Zhejiang is still the largest province with Ni surname, accounting for about 42% of the total population of Ni surname. Zhejiang, Jiangsu and Fujian are the main settlements of Ni surname, accounting for nearly 74% of the total population of Ni surname. Secondly, it is distributed in Anhui, Hebei, Jiangxi, Hubei, Shandong and Hunan provinces. During this period, the Ni family mainly migrated to the west and south along the Yangtze River, and the Ni family concentrated around Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces.
The Distribution and Totem of the Contemporary Ni Family
At present, the population of Ni surname has reached more than 6.5438+0.4 million, ranking 1 16 in China, accounting for about 0. 1 1% of the national population. At present, the distribution in China is mainly concentrated in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Anhui provinces, accounting for about 49% of the total population of Ni. Secondly, it is distributed in Shanghai, Hubei, Guangdong and Sichuan provinces, accounting for about 2 1% of the total population of Ni. Jiangsu has 27% of the total population of Ni surname, which is the largest province of Ni surname. At present, the whole country has formed a population gathering area named Ni, which starts from Jiangsu and Zhejiang in the east and extends along the river to Sichuan.
The distribution frequency of Ni surname in the population is Jiangsu, Shanghai, Anhui, Zhejiang, Fujian, eastern Shandong, southeastern Henan, most of Hubei and Jiangxi, northern Hunan, eastern Guangdong, western Guizhou, most of Sichuan, southwestern Chongqing, northern Yunnan, most of Liaoning, western Jilin, western Heilongjiang and northeastern Inner Mongolia. The proportion of Ni surname in the local population is generally above 0. 14%, and the highest is above 0.6%. In Taiqiong, central Guangdong, western Guangxi, southwestern Jiangxi, most of Hunan and Chongqing, eastern Sichuan and Guizhou, most of Yunnan, eastern Qinghai, most of Gansu, Ningxia, southeast and southwest corner of Shaanxi, central Henan, western Shandong, most of Hebei, Beijing and Tianjin, western Liaoning, eastern Heilongjiang, eastern Inner Mongolia and northwest Xinjiang, the proportion of local population is generally 0.07% 0./kloc-0. m- 1-3- 1/
Nishi traditional culture
The county looks and the county looks of the hall number Ni are thousands of times. Nishi thought it was the hall number. Ni Zan, Mingqingtang and Ni Zan were famous painters in Yuan Dynasty. In his home, he has a studio called Qing Tang Pavilion, which contains many calligraphy and famous paintings. Later, people took Lu Qing as the hall number.
There are four important couplets named Ni:
Full of clothes; Key porridge and yin function.
The legacy of the Song Dynasty; Han officials follow good manners.
Ren Liang in Han Dynasty; Tang Ting is very clever.
It was sealed by Yan Yan; The world inherited Lu Xu.
Family instruction Ni's family instruction should be based on Ni Yuantan's family rules in Qing Dynasty. Ni Yuantan was a native of Songjiang, Shanghai during the Daoguang period. His family rules mainly discuss family relations and handle affairs. He believes that we should not be slow-hearted, deceitful, jealous and suspicious in dealing with this world, so it is easy to make enemies and bring disaster to ourselves. If you want to live by the Tao, you must always be loyal and respectful. Patience at home, saying a word and an idea are beneficial to others. Always be cautious and independent, and always reflect. Don't just care about yourself when you encounter difficulties, and don't avoid efforts. If you have spare capacity, you should also help the poor and widows. He specifically mentioned that gambling is more harmful to people than thieves. Gambling can destroy one's mind, lose one's character, hurt one's life, humiliate one's ancestors, lose one's tutor, squander property, cause accidents, leave one's own flesh and blood, violate national laws and be condemned by heaven.
Celebrity frequency and family sages
China Personal Names Dictionary has included 7 1 person, accounting for 0. 16% of the total number of celebrities, ranking 1 18 in the list of celebrity surnames. Ni, a famous litterateur, accounts for 0.2% of all litterateurs in China, ranking 99th. Ni is the 77th famous doctor, accounting for 0.24% of the total number of famous doctors in China. Ni, a famous artist, accounts for 0.3% of the total number of artists in China, ranking 69th.
The important figures of Ni surname recorded in historical books of past dynasties are: Ni (2) Kuan, the imperial historian of the Western Han Dynasty, and the secretariat of Yangzhou; Ni Ruoshui, Langzhong, the punishments department in Tang Dynasty; Ni Zuchang, Qing of Dali Temple in Southern Song Dynasty, Ni Shan, Governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, and Ni, Governor of Anren County; Yuan Dynasty painter Ni Zan; Ni, Minister of Ming Dynasty; Ni Can, a calligrapher and poet in Qing Dynasty; Ni Sichong, warlord of Beiyang Anhui in the Republic of China; Ni Haishu, a contemporary linguist.
Nishi blood group
Generally speaking, the blood type distribution of the population surnamed Ni is: O type accounts for 34.2%, A type accounts for 29.6%, B type accounts for 27.6%, and AB type accounts for 8.6%.