When I was a teenager, I was well educated, knowledgeable and ambitious. In his early years, he was trusted by Chu Huaiwang as Zuotu, and was also a doctor of San Lv, in charge of internal affairs and foreign affairs. He advocated "American politics", promoting and appointing talents internally, perfecting statutes and uniting external forces to resist Qin. Slashed by nobles, he was exiled to Hanbei and Yuanxiang Valley. After Qin Jun invaded the capital of Chu, Qu Yuan drowned in the Miluo River.
Qu Yuan is the first great patriotic poet in the history of China, the founder of China's romantic literature, the founder and representative writer of Songs of the South, who initiated the tradition of "vanilla beauty" and was praised as "the ancestor of Ci Fu" and "the ancestor of China's poetry". The appearance of Qu Yuan's works indicates that China's poetry has entered a new era from collective singing to individual originality.
His main works are Li Sao, Nine Songs, Nine Chapters and Tian Wen. Chu Ci, with Qu Yuan's works as the main body, is one of the sources of China's romantic literature, and it is also called "coquettish" with the Book of Songs, which has a far-reaching influence on later poetry.
Qu Yuan's works are full of positive romantic spirit. Its main performance is that he integrated his passionate pursuit of ideals into artistic imagination and magical artistic conception. Wind arouses Chu is the style of Qu Yuan's Chu Ci.
Qu Yuan was ostracized and framed by Mix, which made Chu Huaiwang, who once trusted him very much and relied on his reform and self-improvement, have doubts about him, and even alienated from exile. After King Xiang of Chu came to power, he became more fatuous and increasingly corrupt in politics. Chu was facing the crisis of national subjugation and persecuted patriots like Qu Yuan.
Qu Yuan's moral integrity, noble personality and patriotic actions have all become crimes. He turned his anger into poetry, forming an emotional appeal. This sentiment is very strong in the nine chapters.
2. Su Wu (140-60 years ago), Zi Ziqing, Han nationality, was born in Xi, Shaanxi Province, the son of Su Jian, the magistrate of Dai Jun County. Minister of western Han dynasty
Emperor Wu is A Lang. In the first year of Tianhan (BC 100), he was ordered to send an envoy to Xiongnu as a corps commander and was detained. Xiongnu nobles repeatedly threatened to induce them to surrender; Later, he moved to Beihai (now Lake Baikal) to herd sheep, threatening that he would not be released to China until the ram gave birth. Su Wu went through hardships and stayed in Xiongnu for nineteen years.
It was not until the end of the Yuan Dynasty (8 1 year ago) that it was put back to the Han Dynasty. After the death of Su Wu, Emperor Gaozu Xuan Di listed him as one of the eleven outstanding figures in Qilin Pavilion, which showed his integrity.
When Su Wu arrived in Beihai, there was no food supply, so he had to dig out the fruits stored by the wild rats and eat them. Su Wu herded sheep on the Han Festival and held them in his daily life, so that all the hairs on the festival fell out. After five or six years, Khan's younger brother Yu Wang went hunting in Beihai. Su Wei weaves hunting nets, corrects crossbows, values him and provides him with clothes and food.
After more than three years, Yu Wang became seriously ill and gave Su Wu horses, livestock, clothes and shelter. After the death of King Qi, his men moved away. In winter, Dingling people stole Su Wu's cattle and sheep, and Su Wu was poor again. ?
During the Han Dynasty, Su Wu and Li Ling both served as attendants. In the second year of Tianhan (99 years ago), Li Ling surrendered to Xiongnu and dared not visit Su Wu. After Khan sent Li Ling to Beihai, he held banquets and dances for Su Wu.
Su Wu said, "We Su's father and son didn't make any contribution, because your majesty was among the generals and was knighted, while my brother was a recent minister. I have always wanted to repay his kindness wholeheartedly. Now I can repay my gratitude by killing myself. Even if I go to the sword, I feel happy. A servant serves the monarch as a son serves his father. There is nothing to regret that a son died for his father. I hope you will stop talking. "
After drinking with Su Wu for a few days, Li Ling said, "You listen to me!" Su Wu said, "I'm dead! If the right school king (Li Ling is the title of Xiongnu) must make me surrender, please stop today's feast and I will die directly in front of you! " Seeing that Su Wu was so sincere, Li Ling sighed, "What a righteous man! The sin of Wei Law and I is connected with heaven! " Said the tears soaked the skirt, never leave Su Wu.
Later, Li Ling went to Beihai again and said to Su Wu, "The monkeys in the clouds were caught in that area, saying that the officials below the magistrate were all dressed in white and the emperor was dead." Su Wu listened to Nan crying and vomiting blood, and cried for several months every morning and evening.
3. Wen Tianxiang (June 6, 65438 +0236- 12831October 9), whose real name is Sun Yun and whose real name is Song Rui, is not bad. Road number floating Taoist, Wenshan people. Luling, Jizhou County, Jiangxi Province (now futian town, Qingyuan District, Ji 'an City, Jiangxi Province) was a politician, writer, patriotic poet, famous anti-Yuan minister and national hero at the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, and together with Lu Xiufu and Zhang Shijie, he was also called "three outstanding men in the end of the Song Dynasty".
Baoyu was the first scholar in four years (1256). In the year of Kai Qing Yuan (1259), he was awarded the judge of the Navy Festival. In April of the sixth year of Xian Chun (1270), he served as the military supervisor and also managed the bachelor's college. He was dismissed from office because he made sarcastic remarks in Jia Sidao when drafting the imperial edict.
In the first year of Deyou (1275), the Yuan army went down the Yangtze River, and Wen Tianxiang ran out of money for the army, recruiting 50,000 diligent soldiers and entering Wei 'an. Xuanren was appointed as the ambassador of western Zhejiang and Jiangdong, and also known as Pingjiang House. He sent a general to Changzhou, but General Zhang Quan of Huai was defeated and retreated to Yuhang. He was appointed as the right prime minister and envoy of the Tang Dynasty, and was ordered to make peace with the Yuan Army. Bo Yan, the prime minister of the Yuan Dynasty, was detained and escorted to the north to escape.
In May, in Fuzhou, Zhang Shijie, assistant minister Lu Xiufu, right-hand prime minister Chen, etc. They established the sea strategy of going north to Jiangsu and Zhejiang, which was blocked by Chen, so they went to Nanjianfu (now Nanping, Fujian) to gather troops to resist Yuan. Jingyan attacked Jiangxi again in May of the second year (1277), and was finally forced by the situation and lost to Guangdong. In December of the first year of Xiangxing (1278), he was captured in Wupoling (now Haifeng North, Guangdong).
The following year, Zhang Hongfan, commander-in-chief of the Mongolian and Han armies in the Yuan Dynasty, took him to Jianshan (now Xinhui South) and ordered him to surrender to Zhang Shijie. Wen Tianxiang refused, and The Zero Crossing and Ding Yang was an ambitious book.
After Yuan Shizu was transferred to the Yuan Dynasty (now Beijing), Kublai Khan personally advised him to be the prime minister of Zhongshu. Wen Tianxiang righteously, would rather die than surrender. In the 19th year of Yuan Dynasty (1283 65438+10.9), he died in Dadu. At the age of 47. He is the author of Wenshan Poetry Collection, A Guide to the South, Postscript to the Guide, Song Zhengqi, etc.
4. Yue Fei (11March 24, 2003-142 65438+1October 27) was born in Tangyin, Xiangzhou (now tangyin county, Henan). The famous anti-Jin generals, militarists, militarists, national heroes, calligraphers and poets in the Southern Song Dynasty ranked first among the "Four Generals of Zhongxing" in the Southern Song Dynasty.
Yue Fei joined the army four times since he was twenty years old. From the second year of Yan's founding (1 128) to the eleventh year of Shaoxing (1 14 1), he participated in and directed hundreds of battles. 8 jin j attack jiangnan, independent, anti-jin, recover health. In the fourth year of Shaoxing (1 134), six counties in Xiangyang were recovered. In the sixth year of Shaoxing (1 136), he led the northern expedition and successfully captured Shangzhou and Zhouguo.
In the tenth year of Shaoxing (1 140), Hong Yanzong destroyed the alliance and attacked Song, Yue Fei sent troops to the northern expedition, and the people of the two rivers rushed to tell each other. Rebels all over the country responded in succession and launched an attack on the 8 Jin Army. Yue Jiajun successively recovered Zhengzhou and Luoyang, defeated Jin Jun in Yancheng and Yingchang, and marched into Zhuxian Town. However, Song Gaozong, Zhao Gou and Prime Minister Qin Gui made peace with one heart and urged the army to move forward with twelve "golden plates".
During the Song-Jin peace talks, Yue Fei was framed and imprisoned by Qin Gui, Zhang Jun and others. 114265438+1October, he was killed together with his eldest son Yue Yun and Zhang Xi 'an. When he was in Song Xiaozong, he was rehabilitated and reburied in Qixialing, West Lake, chasing Wu Mu, then Zhong Wu and sealing the king of Hubei.
Yue Fei was an outstanding commander in chief in the Southern Song Dynasty. He attached great importance to the people's resistance to gold, and made a plan of "connecting the river with the new moon". He advocated that the non-governmental anti-gold forces in the north of the Yellow River and Song Jun should cooperate with each other to jointly recover lost land. Manage the army, reward and punishment are clear, discipline is strict, and you can sympathize with your subordinates and set an example. The "Yue Jiajun" led by him is known as "freezing to death without demolishing the house and starving to death without being captured". The Jin army has a comment that "it is easy to shake the mountain, but difficult to shake the Yue family army" to show its sincere admiration for the Yue family army.
Yue Fei's literary talent is also rare among generals. His masterpiece "Xie Honghuai across the Yangtze River" is a patriotic masterpiece that has been told through the ages, and later generations have compiled anthologies.
5. Yu Qian (1May 39813-1February 457 16) was born in Qiantang County, Hangzhou (now Shangcheng District, Zhejiang Province). Famous ministers and national heroes in Ming Dynasty.
In the 19th year of Yongle (142 1), Yu Qian was a scholar. In the first year of Xuande (1426), Emperor Xuanzong of Ming Dynasty put down the rebellion of Hanwang Zhu, and was appreciated by Emperor Xuanzong for his harsh words and expressions against Zhu. Promoted to the governor of Jiangxi, full of praise. In the fifth year of Xuande (1430), assistant minister of the right Ministry of War was the governor of Henan, Shanxi and other places.
When Ming Yingzong went to Beijing, he didn't give a gift to the powerful minister Wang Zhen. He was framed and imprisoned, and Wang Li was reinstated at the invitation of the people, officials and even lords of the two provinces. After the change of civil engineering, Yingzong was defeated and captured. He strongly rejected the idea of moving south, insisted on it, and was promoted to the post of Minister of War. Ming Daizong acceded to the throne, arranged for soldiers, deployed key points, personally bid, led 220,000 troops, and lined up outside Beijing's Nine Gates to resist the Walla Army.
Shizuwala also forced peace with Yingzong first. He took "the country is important, the monarch is light" as a precept. First, there was no room to take advantage of, and Yingzong was forced to be released. After the peace talks, Yu Qian was still actively preparing for the war, selecting elite Beijing troops to practice in ten regiments and battalions, and sending troops out to guard the border, making the border peaceful. At that time, North Korea's affairs were complicated, so it was appropriate for Qian to recruit soldiers alone. Its orders are heard in public, so the government can. He cares about the country and the people, and gets carried away, but he doesn't say what he does. He has always been frugal, and his residence can only provide shelter from the wind and rain. However, because of his straightforward personality, it attracted everyone's jealousy.
In the first year of Tianshun (1457), when the British emperor was restored, Shi Heng, a general, framed Yu Qian as the son of Xiang Wang, causing him to be killed unjustly. In Ming Xianzong, Yu Qian was sacrificed by the reinstated officials. In the second year of Hongzhi (1489), he pursued "Su Su". , change to "loyalty". Yu Ji has been handed down from generation to generation. "Ming History" praised him for "loyalty and justice, winning glory with the sun and the moon". He and Yue Fei are also known as "the Three Masters of the West Lake".