First, the wine saint Du Kang
Records of Baishui County in Ming and Qing Dynasties recorded that "Du Kang, whose real name was Zhongyu, was a Kangjiawei native of our county and was good at making wine". The spring water in Du Kang Gully "still gushed weakly until winter, and flowed for four miles into Baishui River. The villagers said that the water still smells of wine. " During the Ming and Qing Dynasties and the Republic of China, there were thousands of boiled pots and four wineries. During the Three Kingdoms period, Cao Cao sang the eternal swan song "Bold and unforgettable, how to solve the worries, only Du Kang": Du Fu, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote beautiful poems "Late at night, the moonlight shines on Baishui Mountain" and "Du Jiu often remonstrates"; Pi Rixiu, a poet in the late Tang Dynasty, also sang the quatrains louder, and the Du Kang language is empty, so the fragrant Du Kang wine spread all over the Loess Plateau.
Second, Wen Sheng Confucius.
Confucius (55 BC1~ 479 BC) was named Zhong Ni. A great thinker, educator and founder of Confucianism in the late Spring and Autumn Period. Lu people. He was the founder of the Confucian school and put forward the idea of "benevolence". He was a famous thinker and educator in ancient China.
He is studious, knowledgeable and versatile. He initiated the atmosphere of private lectures, and recruited disciples, regardless of wealth. It is said that there are 3000 disciples, 72 of whom are excellent. He became an emissary of cultural exchange. He traveled around the world, and devoted himself to the collation and dissemination of ancient documents, education, sorting out ancient classics such as poems and books, and deleting Chunqiu in his later years. Its students recorded their thoughts and actions in The Analects.
Through lifelong advocacy and the development of Confucianism in past dynasties, Confucius made China's Confucianism the mainstream of China culture, which has been the guiding ideology of China people for more than 2,000 years. The core of Confucius' ideological system is the rule of virtue, and he persistently advocates a benign society and a benign life. The highest standard of Dehua society is "courtesy", and the highest value of Dehua life is "benevolence". Confucius taught people to actively pursue the "loyalty and forgiveness" of "standing if you want, reaching if you want" and "don't do to others what you don't want", so as to establish a correct outlook on life and correctly handle the relationship between people. Confucius advocated the teaching of "harmony between man and nature" to deal with the relationship between man and nature. He also expounded and promoted that man should not only
"Benevolence for the people" means "loving things". Confucius advocated that the country should implement the moral policy of "teaching the rich" to develop society and culture.
Third, Shi Sheng Sima Qian.
Before Sima Qian-145 or before
135~? Historians and writers of the Western Han Dynasty. Zichang, Zuo Fengyi, was born in xia yang (now southwest of Hancheng, Shaanxi). Born in the fifth year of Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty (BC 145), born in the sixth year of Emperor Jian Yuan of the Han Dynasty (BC 135), the date of death is unknown. Sima Qian 10 years old began to study ancient literature biographies. During Yuan Guang and Yuan Shuo of Han Dynasty, he studied under the modern writer Dong Zhongshu's "The Spring and Autumn Annals of the Ram" and the ancient prose writer Kong Anguo. Shortly after the age of 20, he became a doctor, a bodyguard and attache of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, went to the Western Seas many times and sent envoys to Bashu. In the third year of Yuanfeng (BC 108), Sima Tan, the stepfather of Sima Qian, was the official of Taishi, in charge of astronomical calendar and royal atlas, so it depends on the books collected by historians. In the first year of Taichu (before 104), he, Luo and others customized calendars to replace the Zhuan Xu calendar inherited by Qin, and the new calendar adapted to the needs of the society at that time. From then on, Sima Qian began to write historical records. Later, he was convicted, imprisoned and rotted for defending Li Ling who surrendered to Xiongnu. After he was released from prison, he worked as a secretary, continued to write angrily, and finally finished the writing of Historical Records. People call his book Taishi Gongshu. It is the first biography of China, which has a far-reaching influence on later historiography.
Fourth, the poet Du Fu.
Du Fu (7 12-770), with beautiful words, was born in Gongxian County, Henan Province (now Gongxian County, Henan Province) and was a famous poet Du Zhisun. Because he once lived in Shaoling, south of Chang 'an, he called himself Shaoling's grandfather and was called Du Shaoling. Study and travel before the age of thirty-five. During the Tianbao period, he went to Chang 'an, but there was no way to join the army. After ten years' hardships, he was awarded the small post of right-back leading Cao to join the army. The Anshi rebellion began to exile and was captured by the rebels; After he escaped from danger, he was awarded ten inheritance. In the second year of Gan Yuan (759), he abandoned his official position and went west to settle in Chengdu. He used to be foreign minister of the Ministry of Industry, Jiannan our envoy, also known as. In his later years, his family moved eastward, staying in Kuizhou for two years and leaving the gorge. Wandering in Hubei and Hunan, he died of poverty and illness. Du Fu is good at using many systems of classical poetry and creatively developing them. Du Gongbu's collections have been handed down from generation to generation.
Five, medical saint Zhang Zhongjing
Zhang Zhongjing was a famous doctor in the Eastern Han Dynasty. His surname is Zhang Mingji and his first name is Zhongjing. Nie Yang, a native of Nanyang County (now Gedong Town, Deng County, Henan Province), was born on 150 and died on 2 19. Zhang Zhongjing is clever and studious. When I was a teenager, I studied medicine in Zhangbozu, the same county, which spread widely. Zhang Zhongjing read widely and was widely adopted. He wrote sixteen volumes of Treatise on Febrile Diseases.
Treatise on Febrile Diseases is divided into Treatise on Febrile Diseases and Synopsis of the Golden Chamber. Later physicians called Zhang Zhongjing a "medical sage" and regarded typhoid fever and synopsis of the golden chamber as medical classics. Zhang Zhongjing's Treatise on Febrile Diseases is the first medical classic with complete theory, method, prescription and medicine in the history of human medicine. For the first time, he systematically and completely expounded the etiology, pathology, treatment principles and treatment methods of epidemic diseases and various internal diseases, which laid a solid theoretical foundation for the development of clinical disciplines in later generations.
6. Guan Yu Guan Yu
Guan Yu, the word Yunchang, was a general of Shu in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. He was loyal and had high martial arts skills, and was later called "Guan Sheng" and "Guandi".
Guan Yu was officially appointed as the prefect of Xiangyang and governor of Jingzhou affairs, except that Cao Cao invited Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty to make him Hou Ting of Hanshou. Liu Bei was first named as a general of Dangkou, and later as a former general, ranking first among the "Five Tiger Generals" in Shu Han. In the 4 1 year after his death, that is, the three years of Jing Yao in Shu. From the Southern and Northern Dynasties to the end of Qing Dynasty, Guan Yu was respected by feudal emperors in previous dynasties. "The prince is king, the king is emperor, the emperor is holy, and the saint is heaven." Praise is endless, and the temple is boundless. Guan Yu is famous at home and abroad, and has become one of the most worshipped sacred idols in history, so that he is as famous as Confucius. He is also called "a sage with both civil and military skills".
Seven, the book saint Wang Xizhi
Wang Xizhi was born in Linyi (now Shandong). Jin Huaidi was born in Yongjia (AD 307) and died in Xingning (AD 367). The officers of the right army generals will review the internal history, so later generations will call it "Wang Youjun". He came from a noble family in the Jin Dynasty. When Wang Xizhi was twelve years old, he was taught the theory of brushwork by his father, and he realized that "language is based on the outline". When I was a child, I studied calligraphy under the famous female calligrapher Mrs. Wei at that time. Later, he crossed the river to the north, visited famous mountains, learned from others, observed and studied "combining various laws and preparing a family", and reached the height of "being more expensive than others and being the first in ancient and modern times".
Wang Xizhi's regular script includes Le Yi Lun, Huang Ting Jing and Dong Fangshuo Dialect Zan.
Eight, Cao Sheng Zhang Xu.
Zhang Xu (date of birth and death unknown), a native of Suzhou, is a commandant of Changshu County. Great calligrapher of Tang Dynasty. It is famous for cursive writing. Tang Wenzong once issued a rare imperial edict to the whole country: Li Bai's poems and songs, Zhang Xu's cursive script and Fei Min's sword dance can become the "three wonders" in the world.
The secret of Zhang Xu's cursive script is nothing more than the word "meaning". Du Shaoling's poem Watching Gong Sundaniang's Disciples Dance Sword.
Nine, painting Saint Wu Daozi
Wu Daozi (about 686 ~ 760) was a painter in the Tang Dynasty. Also known as Tao Xuan, painting history is called Wu Sheng. Yang Zhai (now Yu County, Henan Province) was born. Small lonely and poor, starting from a folk painter, he had a painting name when he was young. He used to be the county commandant of Qiu (now Ziyang, Shandong Province) in Yanzhou County, and soon resigned. After that, he settled in Luoyang and engaged in mural creation. During the Kaiyuan period, he was called as a sacrifice for his good painting. He studied calligraphy with Zhang Xu and He, watched sword dancing and experienced the skill of using a pen. Good at Buddhism and Taoism, ghosts and gods, figures, landscapes, birds and animals, plants, pavilions and so on. He is especially good at Buddhism, Taoism and figures, and is good at mural creation, especially Hell in disguise.
The painting style is unique, and its landscape painting has the power of change. The figure painting is full of lines and has the effect of clothing wall, which is known as the wind of martial arts. He also used Jiao Mo's lines as an understatement, and was called Wu Zhuang. The line drawing is concise, which is called "sparse body". Su Shi once praised his art as "innovating in statutes and keeping good reason outside the bold".
X. Cha Sheng Lu Yu
In the history of tea culture in China, Lu Yu's tea science, tea art, tea ceremony thought and his Tea Classic are epoch-making symbols.
Lu Yu, the word hung-chien; A disease, a word season defect. Since its name is Sang Weng, it is also called Jinglingzi. Born in the Kaiyuan period of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, he was born in Jingling County, Fuzhou (now Tianmen County, Hubei Province). Lu Yu, an outcast, was adopted by Longgai Temple, a famous monk in the Tang Dynasty, and Master Jigong, and taught him enlightenment from an early age. I was interested in Confucianism rather than Buddhism since I was a child, so I fled the temple at the age of eleven or twelve. Later, I studied drama in the troupe. Lu Yu stutters, but her acting skills are very talented. She often plays the clown in the play, which just covers up her physical defects. Lu also writes plays and once wrote thousands of humorous words.
Xi。 Sun Wu, soldier saint
Sun Wu (about 55 1-? ), a famous soldier in the Spring and Autumn Period and a great military theorist Wu, was born in Changqing and Qi Le 'an (now Shandong Huimin). His great-grandfather and grandfather were both great names of the State of Qi, who made great achievements in wars at home and abroad. Influenced by family studies, Sun Wu loved the art of war since childhood. Sun Wu was revered by later generations as "the sage of war", "the father of military strategists" and "the teacher of military strategists". In addition to his outstanding military exploits, more importantly, he left an immortal military masterpiece, The Art of War, 13, with more than 5,000 words, which contains a profound theoretical system and rich ideological content. Military scientists and strategists of all ages have drawn nutrition from it to guide war practice and develop military theory.
XII. Seeking Saint Sean
Minister in the early Han Dynasty, the word ovary, spread in his father's city (now southeast of Hao County, Anhui Province), and his father and father were Xuan Huiwang and other five generations. After Qin destroyed Korea, he attempted to recover Korea, made friends with assassins, attacked Qin Shihuang in Bolang (now southeast of Yuanyang, Henan Province), fled to Xiapi (now Jiangsu Province) and met Huang Shigong. Later, he conspired with Liu Bang and Lv Hou to secretly set up an organ for Prime Minister Xiao He, and personally trapped Han Xin in Changle Palace as a close friend, and Han Xin copied it. After Sean lived in seclusion in the mountains, he took the immortal couple as companions, did not eat earthly grains, and followed the immortal trail, isolated from the world.
Thirteen, Mu Sheng (Ke Sheng) Zhang Heng
During the Eastern Han Dynasty (A.D. 1 17), a large astronomical instrument driven by water was successfully manufactured in Luoyang, Kyoto. Twenty years later (A.D. 138), another instrument installed in Luoyang, Kyoto, "Houfeng Seismograph", accurately reported earthquakes thousands of miles away in the west. This marks the beginning of a new era of human recording and studying earthquakes with instruments.
The inventors of these two famous instruments were Zhang Heng, a great scientist and writer in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Zhang Heng made outstanding contributions to ancient astronomy, seismology and mechanics in China. It is said that he also made a south guide car and a drum car in his memory. Because of its high level of mechanical manufacturing, it is honored as "Wood Sage".
Fourteen Medical sage Sun Simiao
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Sun Simiao, born in 58 1-682 by Sun Zhenren, was a great doctor in Sui and Tang Dynasties.
Sun Shi was smart since childhood, like reading, studying hard and practicing hard. At the age of 20, he is proficient in hundreds of theories, good at saying Laozi and Zhuangzi, and good at understanding classics. He is also proficient in Yin and Yang and promotes medicine. He had no intention of pursuing a career and engaged in medical writings in his later years. He is an outstanding figure in literature, history and medicine, especially in medicine. Sun Simiao saves lives, is diligent in getting married, has profound knowledge and high moral character. Sun Simiao embodies the spirit of treating diseases with benevolence. He wrote in the book "Great Doctors Sincerity": "All great doctors should be calm and firm, have no desire or desire, show great sorrow first, and swear to save the suffering with their souls."
Therefore, two of his own books are entitled "Thousands of Women", and they are named "Thousands of Women to the Square" and "Thousands of Women to the Wing" respectively, which are the earliest medical encyclopedias in China and precious treasures of traditional medicine in China.