The name is Lu. According to the Family History of Confucius, the year of Confucius' birth is generally recorded as twenty-two years of Duke Xiang of Lu, but the Historical Records does not record his date and birthday, and the Biography of Gu Liang records that Confucius was born in October.
Converted into the current Gregorian calendar, it should be born on September 8 +0, 5565438 BC. Confucius was born in Shandong.
Lu, his son, is the fief of Boqin, where intact cultural relics and ancient books of the Zhou Dynasty are preserved and known as the "hometown of rites and music". In the 29th year of Duke Xiang of Lu (544 BC), Wu's son was amazed at Lu.
In the second year of Lu (the first 540 years), the doctor of Jin Dynasty visited Lu, and after reading it, he praised "Zhou Li is in Lu!" Lu's cultural tradition and academic decline at that time had a great influence on the formation of Confucius' thought. Confucius lost his father in his early years and his family declined.
He once said: "I am cheap because I am few, so I can despise." When I was young, I worked as a "Commissioner" (in charge of granaries) and a "farmer" (in charge of cattle and sheep).
Although Confucius lived in poverty, he was "determined to learn" at the age of fifteen. He is good at learning from others. He once said, "When we have a threesome, we must learn from each other.
Choose the good and follow it, change the bad. "(The Analects of Confucius) He learned from an ordinary teacher and never tires of learning. His fellow villagers also praised him as" knowledgeable ".
Confucius "stood at thirty" and began to give lectures. Whoever brings a little "Liang Xiu" will be accepted as a student.
Such as Yan Lu, Ceng Dian, Luz, Berniu, You Ran, Zigong and Yan Yuan. Is one of the early disciples. Lu Zhishen's sons, Meng and Nangong, both came to learn etiquette, which shows the merits of Confucius in running a school.
The establishment of private schools broke the tradition of "learning is in the official" and further promoted the downward movement of academic culture. After the founding of Lu, the regime was in the hands of Sanhuan, headed by Ji.
In the early years of Zhao Gong, the three families divided up the military power of the Lu army. Kong Liao once expressed indignation at Ji's trespassing behavior of "eight steps of court dance".
In the 25th year of Zhao Gong (5 17 BC), there was civil strife in Lu, and Confucius left Lu to Qi. Qi Jinggong asked Confucius about politics, and Confucius said, "Jun Jun, minister, father and son."
He added: "Politics is about saving money." The ruler of Qi is doctor Chen. Although he likes Confucius' words, he can't use them.
Confucius was frustrated in the state of Qi, so he returned to Lu, "retiring to learn poetry, books, rituals and music attracts many disciples". People come from far away to study in almost all the waiting countries. At that time, Lu was under the control of Ji's family, and Ji's family was subject to its retainer.
Confucius was dissatisfied that the government was not in the hands of the monarch, but in the hands of doctors, and was unwilling to be an official. He said, "Being unjust and rich is like a cloud to me."
In the ninth year of Lu (50 1 year), Yang Huo was expelled and Confucius was appointed as the commander of the capital of Lu at the age of 5 1 year. "After a year's work, it's dry on all sides."
Therefore, it all moved to Sikong and was promoted to be a big shepherd. In the tenth year of Lu (the first 500 years), Confucius attended the Qilu Oracle Bone Conference.
Confucius believed that "those who have military affairs must have weapons, and those who have military affairs must have weapons." Early prevention frustrated the premeditated plan to hijack the Lu army by force, and recovered the land of Lu' an, Guanfu and tortoise occupied by Qi through diplomatic means. In the 12th year of Ding Dynasty (498 BC), in order to strengthen public office and contain Sanhuan, Confucius cited the ancient system that "the family does not hide armor, and the city has no pheasants", and put forward the plan of "reducing the three capitals", which was implemented through Ren Jishi's sub-road.
Because Confucius took advantage of the contradiction between Sanhuan and courtiers, Ji Sun and his uncle Sun Shi agreed to destroy Fei Yi and Houyi respectively. Dan Shi was incited by his ministers, the people and his father and opposed the siege.
It is impossible to set up a public encirclement. Confucius' plan was frustrated.
Confucius was an official of the State of Lu. People in the State of Qi were afraid that the State of Lu would become powerful and merge with themselves, so they enjoyed their daughters in the State of Lu and Ji. Ji was entertained by seven women and refused to listen to political affairs for three days.
It is difficult for Confucius to exert his political restraint, so he led more than ten disciples, including Yan Hui, Luz, Zigong and Ran Qiu, to leave the "land of parents" and began a wandering career of 14 years. Confucius was 55 years old that year.
Chen went to defend the country first, received courtesy first, and then was monitored for fear of being convicted. After crossing the quarry, he was besieged for five days.
After the pass, I wanted to go to Jin in Puzhi, but I had to go back to Wei because of the civil strife in Jin. I met Nanzi, which aroused many doubts.
Wei Linggong was lazy in politics and didn't need Confucius. Confucius said, "If you use me, it will take only one month and three years."
The guards were in chaos at home, and Confucius left Wei Cao Jing to send Song directly. Sima Huankui of the Song Dynasty tried to kill Confucius. When he disguised himself as Zheng of the Song Dynasty, Confucius was sixty years old.
Later, Confucius traveled back and forth to Cai Chen many times, between Cai Chen and Cai Chen. According to historical records, King Zhao of Chu came to hire Confucius, and Dr. Chen and Dr. Cai surrounded Confucius, causing famine for seven days.
After the clearance, Confucius went to Chu, and soon King Zhao of Chu died. Wei wants to use Confucius.
Confucius answered Lutz's question and said that "correcting the name" must be the first thing in politics. After returning to Wei, Confucius was regarded as a "sage", but it was still useless.
In the eleventh year (484 BC), Ran returned to Lu and led the army to defeat the Qi army in Lang. Ji Kangzi sent someone to greet Confucius with coins.
Confucius returned to Lu at the age of sixty-eight. After Confucius returned to Lu, people in Lu praised "the country is old". At first, Lu Aigong and Ji Kangzi often asked each other about political affairs, but they were not reused.
In his later years, Confucius devoted himself to sorting out documents and continuing to engage in education. In the 16th year of Lu Aigong (479 BC), Confucius died and was buried in Surabaya, north of Lucheng.
2. Ask for an article about Hefei celebrities or places of interest in Hefei. My hometown Anhui, from Bao Gong and Zhu Yuanzhang to modern Tao Xingzhi, has produced many celebrities since ancient times, but I know Bao Gong best.
Bao Gong, whose real name is Bao Zheng, is known as Xiren. Born in Hefei, Luzhou (now Hefei, Anhui) in the Northern Song Dynasty. He, like Fan Zhongyan, has worked as many officials in his life, from county magistrate to council deputy envoy. No matter what official he is, he is politically serious, law enforcement is like a mountain, and he is impartial. So in the play, I drew him a big black face.
Among many stories, there is only one historical record of Bao Zheng's verdict, that is, what happened when Bao Zheng was the magistrate of Tianchang County: a man sued a farmer to the county government, saying that the farmer had killed a cow, leaving only a little cooked beef for himself to eat, and all the others were sold. At that time, according to the laws of the Song Dynasty, it was illegal for people to kill cattle without permission, but that person didn't expect to be exposed as soon as he was told. It turned out that the farmer went to the county government the day before to complain to Bao Zheng that someone had cut the tongue of his cow. At this time, Bao Zheng realized that this must be a trap deliberately set by the enemy, so he let the farmer kill the cow to lure the snake out of the hole. This incident vividly embodies Bao Zheng's wit.
Bao Zheng is not only witty, but also selfless. Bao Zheng was strict with his family after he became an official. He once wrote a "family motto" engraved on the wall of his house: "Future generations will be appointed, and those who commit pollution will not be returned to their own homes; After death, I will be a descendant of Beiwu. " It means: an official who commits corruption is not allowed to go back to his hometown, and he is not allowed to be buried in the Bao family's grave after his death. No, look, it's not my offspring.
It is precisely because of Bao Zheng's excellent qualities of wit, courage and integrity that Bao Zheng has always been regarded as an honest official.
3. Li Bai (70 1-762), the word Taibai, was named Qinglian lay. His ancestral home was in Ji Cheng, Longxi (now near Tianshui, Gansu), and he moved to the Western Regions at the end of Sui Dynasty. Li Bai was born in the broken leaves of Central Asia. (The Chu River basin south of Balkhash Lake was under the jurisdiction of Anxi Prefecture in the Tang Dynasty). When I was young, I moved to Qinglian Township, Changlong, Mianzhou (now Jiangyou, Sichuan) with my father.
He spent most of his life roaming. In the first year of Tianbao (742), under the recommendation of Taoist Wu Yun, he was called to visit the Hanlin in Chang 'an. The style of the article became famous for a while and was quite appreciated by Xuanzong. Later, because he couldn't see the dignitaries, he abandoned his official position in Beijing for only three years and continued to wander. In the second year after the Anshi Rebellion, he was angry and difficult, and once joined Li Lin, the shogunate of Wang Yong. Unfortunately, Wang Yong and Su Zong competed for the throne. After the defeat, Li Bai was dragged into exile in Yelang (now Guizhou) and was pardoned on the way. Wandering southeast in his later years, dangtu county made Li die soon.
Li Bai's poems are mainly lyrical. After Qu Yuan, he was the first person who could really absorb its rich nutrition from the folk literature and art at that time and Yuefu folk songs since Qin, Han, Wei and Jin dynasties, and concentrated on perfecting it to form his own unique style. He has extraordinary artistic talent and great artistic power. Everything that is surprising, comforting, exciting and thought-provoking comes out. Du Fu is the most outstanding romantic poet in China after Qu Yuan, and is known as "Poet Fairy". As well-known as Du Fu, Han said: "The article is there, and the flames are endless." ("Turn to Zhang Ji"). Li Taibai's collection.
4. Hefei celebrity (composition 100~ 120 words) Hefei celebrity-Ying Zuozhi
There are many celebrities in my hometown Hefei. Among them, Ying Zuozhi is the person I admire and admire most in painting and calligraphy. His paintings and calligraphy were also recorded as trademarks.
Ying Zuozhi, 1957 was born in Hefei, Anhui Province on July 3rd. He began to learn calligraphy and copywriting at the age of six. 1965 studied painting at the age of 8, and studied under professors Kong Xiaoyu and Yang Guangsu of Anhui Art College. 197 14 years old studied in Hefei No.3 Middle School and began to learn seal cutting and painting. 1975 18-year-old creative works "cats look at plum bones" and "cats play with butterflies" earned 1994 Xinhua Publishing House published "Selected Works of Famous Chinese Paintings" R26；; At the age of 0/9, Hideyoshi Tomoto/Kloc-became a disciple of Mr. Zhang Daqian and a disciple of the famous poet and painter Cao Datie, that is, the second generation disciple of Dafeng Hall. 1978 2 1 year-old, invited by the Foreign Affairs Department of Chinese Academy of Sciences, he was in charge of India for Professor Morigen, President of Tokyo University who was visiting China. At the same time, he manages printing for 265,438+0 teachers of Tokyo University, such as engineering director Ito Qingchuan, general affairs director Kurihara Ryo, Takagi Kimba, Akita Boming, Kazuo Saito, Kumejun Kumejun, Suzuki Ryo, etc., and has been well received. 28 years old, 1985, held his first solo painting and calligraphy exhibition in Hefei, which was a great success. He was hired as the youngest member and chief painter of Wanxing Club, a scientist and entrepreneur in Anhui Province.
Among all the paintings by Ying Zuozhi, my favorite is his Hundred Cats, which is vivid and lifelike, as if people are in it. This painting has also been evaluated by Lin Sanzhi, a master of fine arts: "The hundreds of cats illustrated recently are lifelike and full of spirit, and their interest is unprecedented in modern times and admirable." When you make progress from this, you despise the kindness of modern masters. I also met Yang Dafa in Wujiang and was good at painting and calligraphy. I hurried to say goodbye, hoping to talk more often in the future. Mr. Zhao Puchu, the vice chairman of Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and a master of art, also wrote a poem: "It's interesting to be separated from your teacher. I should pity butterflies and love flowers to send raccoon slaves. "
I quite agree with you, just like painting should go deep into its spirit, grasp the main points and be good at observation, so as to draw something with expression. It's the same as Yingzuozhi's painting of cats. Everything is the same, not only with shape, but also with appearance. In short, "getting in and getting out" is the key point of life.
Yingzuozhi painted cats, and the whole thing benefited me a lot. I learned how to draw and how to be a man. "Get in the car and spread out." Let me always keep it in mind!
5. China Su Jiaoban sixth grade Sun Yat-sen (1866~ 1925) famous works in Hefei, using the word Deming and the new number, and then changing it into Yixian, how to write it; The great pioneer of China's modern democratic revolution.
Born in 1866, 165438+ 10, 12, from Cuiheng Village, Xiangshan City, Guangdong Province. During the Sino-French War, Sun Yat-sen witnessed the traitorous, autocratic and corrupt activities of the Qing Dynasty, and began to think of using bourgeois political plans to fight against the Qing Dynasty and transform China.
1892, Sun Yat-sen graduated from Hong Kong College of Western Medicine, then practiced medicine in Macao and other places, and joined the anti-Qing secret society. 1894, Sun Yat-sen wrote to Li Hongzhang, Minister of Beiyang, and put forward his reform proposal, but it was not adopted.
1894165438+10 In October, Sun Yat-sen organized the Zhong Xing Society, pledging to "expel the Tatars and restore China". 1905 In August, Sun Yat-sen and Huang Xing established the Alliance in Japan, and Sun Yat-sen was elected Prime Minister. Put forward his revolutionary purpose of "expelling Tatars and restoring China".
Sun Yat-sen first put forward the three principles of nationality, civil rights and people's livelihood, and the establishment of the League strongly promoted the development of the national revolutionary movement. 19 12 1 year 1 October1day, Sun Yat-sen announced his inauguration in Nanjing, formed the provisional government of the Republic of China, ended the imperial system that lasted for more than two thousand years, established the Republic of China, and promulgated the provisional constitution of the Republic of China.
1965438+In June 2004, Sun Yat-sen organized the China Revolutionary Party in Tokyo, hoping to restore and carry forward the spirit of the Alliance. 654381October 25th married Soong Ching Ling in Tokyo.
From 19 18 to 1920, Dr. Sun Yat-sen completed the General Plan for the Founding of the People's Republic of China, summed up the revolutionary experience in the past, and put forward the grand plan for the transformation and construction of China. 19 19 10 In October, Sun Yat-sen announced that the Revolutionary Party of China had been reorganized into the Kuomintang of China.
The establishment of three major policies, namely, alliance with Russia, alliance with * * * and assistance to peasants and workers, marked the development of Sun Yat-sen's revolutionary thought and revolutionary cause to a new stage. 1924 In May, Sun Yat-sen founded the Army Military Academy in cheung chau island, Huangpu, which laid the foundation for the establishment of the revolutionary army.
In the struggle, Sun Yat-sen realized that in order to strive for China's independence and prosperity, we must strive to overthrow imperialism. 1925 March 12, died of liver cancer in Beijing.
In his national will, he summed up 40 years of revolutionary experience and concluded: "We must arouse the people and work together." It issued a call that "the revolution has not yet succeeded, and comrades still have to work hard."
Sun Yat-sen is a great son of China people and a great pioneer of the democratic revolution. In order to transform China, he spent his whole life making indelible historical contributions and left a valuable legacy for his successors politically.