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Wen | Shi Lu Sheng
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Cherish the world and unveil the mystery of history for you.
There is an old saying that "every emperor has a courtier once", which means that every emperor has a group of ministers he trusts and relies on. This sentence tells the political law of the ancient feudal court.
Among the ministers trusted by the emperor, there must be someone he relies on most. This is an open secret of the feudal royal family for thousands of years.
Take the longest reigning Emperor Qianlong of history of qing dynasty as an example. In his later years, who was his most trusted and closest person? At that time, Manchu officials said privately that they were harmonious. It is the "second emperor", which shows how far he has been in power for a period of time.
Later, Yan Yong, the fifteenth son of Qianlong, succeeded to the throne as emperor, that is, Emperor Jiaqing. The person that Jiaqing Emperor trusts most is his teacher Zhu? .
Zhu? portrait
Who do you trust most? It's not that much. However, after Emperor Qianlong abdicated, he became the emperor's father for three years, and the power of the Qing royal family was firmly in his hands. During this period, Emperor Jiaqing basically had no real power.
In this way, Qianlong, Jiaqing, and the sum they rely on respectively? And Zhu? There must be all kinds of subtle games between four people. This is very interesting.
And then what? I don't want to introduce him more. As we all know, he is the biggest corrupt official in history. In good times, his position is above "one person and ten thousand people", and he also likes to play tricks on people. Anyone who doesn't listen to him, who has a potential threat to his interests, can "disappear" as long as he whispers a few words in front of Emperor Qianlong.
Dry dragon peace? (stills)
The focus is on Zhu, the political mentor of Jiaqing Emperor. . Unlike many people in history who became royal confidants after gaining power, Zhu? This man is honest and loyal from beginning to end. What about Zhu in his ability to do things? Not prominent; However, he is modest, non-aggressive, intellectually wise, and to some extent, he abides by the golden mean.
It's predestined, Zhu? The so-called "red man" in the eyes of the emperor, his philosophy of life is defensive. However, his humanity just meets the spiritual guidance needs in the early years of Jiaqing.
Because, when a person is in a homeopathic or peak period, it is wise to keep inflation; However, in the period of contrarian or trough, how to keep calm and not blindly move or collapse requires greater spiritual wisdom. This human characteristic is no exception when it is put on the emperor.
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Zhu? Born in 173 1, Daxing, Beijing. His ancestral home was originally in Xiaoshan, Zhejiang, but in his father's generation, his family moved to Beijing. Zhu? There is also a brother named Zhu Jun. The two brothers were gifted at reading when they were young, mainly because their father Zhu Wenbing resigned early and went home to teach his two sons to read.
Twelve years of Qianlong (1747), Zhu? It was a sensational "college entrance examination" event that two brothers were admitted to Jinshi at the same time. What is particularly commendable is that this year Zhu? Only 17 years old, awesome. Under the ancient imperial examination system, the average age of Jinshi was generally over thirty. It can be seen that in the field of reading, the Zhu brothers are completely geniuses.
Yiyang Aristocratic Family was learned from Zhejiang in Qing Dynasty. eagle
Needless to say, you can imagine, Zhu? Later, both brothers went to be officials, and of course they were civil servants, such as editing literature and history and editing officials.
It is worth mentioning that my brother Zhu Jun made his debut earlier. Because of his outstanding literary talent, he attracted the attention of Emperor Qianlong very early. Later, Emperor Qianlong ordered the national restoration of Sikuquanshu, which was largely related to Zhu Yun. Why? It turns out that when Zhu Jun was studying politics in Anhui, he played Emperor Qianlong and suggested editing the Yongle Grand Ceremony of the Ming Dynasty. Qianlong attached great importance to this suggestion, and later it gradually evolved into a revision of Sikuquanshu.
As for the younger brother Zhu? , the advanced speed in officialdom is a little late. In his early years, he spent most of his time doing ordinary paperwork at the foot of the son of heaven; It was not until the twenty-fourth year of Qianlong (1759) that he was assigned to a local post. First, I passed the township entrance examination and went to Henan as a deputy examiner after the senior high school entrance examination, and later I was quickly assigned to work in Fujian.
It should be pointed out that Zhu? He has worked in Fujian for eight years, worked as a canteen, a provincial judge and an agent, so he has great feelings for Fujian. Is the "Hanlin" plaque now in Fujian Pincang Culture Company written by Zhu? The inscription was carved in the later years of his career, and the recipient of the inscription is believed to be a Fujian examinee (the inscription was also found in Fujian). Is this Zhu? I have a deep affection for Fujian candidates and regard Fujian as my second hometown.
Zhu? (Qing) One of the three rhymes to be reused by De Weng.
Later Zhu? He also worked as a judge in Hubei and a political envoy in Shanxi, but he was basically transferred to the provincial deputy and has been difficult to be promoted. Investigate its root, or because of Zhu? He is a scholar, but he is not outstanding in doing things for officials. To this end, when Qianlong was forty years old (1775), an official complained to Emperor Qianlong: "Zhu? I only know how to study all day, but I don't do my duty in my post. "
Fortunately, Emperor Qianlong was naturally fond of literati. Not only did he not blame Zhu? "inaction", but also personally instructed: "Zhu? Good writing and good character. " Obviously, because of my brother, I joined hands with my brother Zhu? I am also very touched. Is this Lian Zhu? I didn't expect that being complained was a negative event. As a result, his "Every Dark Cloud has a Silver lining" attracted the active attention of Emperor Qianlong.
Zhu of the Qing Dynasty? Calligraphy square
Two years ago, Qianlong made his 15th son, Yan Yong, the Crown Prince, and he will inherit the throne in the future. In the past two years, Gan Long has been considering finding a teacher with both ability and political integrity for the prince, but he is hesitant because there is no suitable candidate. Just this time, Zhu? This complained incident made my eyes shine: "What's the matter, Zhu? Isn't it a good candidate for the Prince Division? " Anyway, Zhu can't do anything here, so it's better to ask him to go back and help the prince.
Imperial college
So, without further ado, Gan Long released Zhu? He was transferred back to Beijing, awarded a bachelor's degree, served as a lecturer in imperial academy, and became a full-time teacher of the Prince. This year, Prince Yan Yong was only 17 years old. Zhu? And the future emperor Jiaqing, thus forged a deep fate.
03
Not again, Zhu? He is not a good official, but he is a reading genius. He has read countless poems and books and knows the historical allusions of governing the country like the back of his hand. It is perfect for him to teach the prince to read. Anyway, it's all an armchair strategist, and it's taught just right by scholars.
So, what about Zhu? He preached all the strategies of governing the country in the past dynasties to the prince and expounded his own experience without reservation; Teach the king's sense of justice such as "pro-sages, far villains". Prince Yan Yong is at the best age to shape his outlook on life and world. At this time, it is easiest to listen to all kinds of home and country strategies, plus Zhu? As a scholar, he is good at giving play to the theory of armchair strategist, and the prince is absolutely right about Zhu? Don't worship it.
The most important thing is Zhu? Instilled a priceless thought to the prince: hide your strength and bide your time. Why do you say that? In history, there are many princes who claim to be future heirs to the throne. They don't know how to hide their strength, don't know how to restrain themselves, and try their best to be overbearing. As a result, they violated their father and were deposed as princes.
Portrait of Emperor Jiaqing
The lessons of history are profound. What about Zhu? Secretly asked Prince Yan Yong: "You must be modest and prudent, keep a low profile and be polite to everyone, so that you can protect the safety of the prince." That's right, but he thinks Zhu? Is an indispensable spiritual mentor.
Right here in Zhu? When the mentoring relationship with Yan Yong is getting closer and closer, what else? Aware of the danger, began to see Zhu? Is a thorn in the side. The reason is simple, let Zhu? Stay with the prince, he will become the first favorite of the future emperor, thus threatening him and? State.
And then what? (stills)
So what else? I moved my heart and found Emperor Qianlong whispering, "Your Majesty, the prince is in the growth stage, so he must see more teachers, not one." Hearing this, Gan Long said, it makes sense. Who said that? Who only flatters? Can't the future of the Qing Dynasty be left to Zhu? A teaching place for one person.
Forty-five years after Qianlong (1780), Emperor Qianlong issued a letter, Zhu? He was also sent to Fujian as a magistrate to study politics. See, Zhu? Anyway, it is predestined friends with Fujian, and the name of Fujian's second hometown is gone. When is Zhu? When he left office in Fujian, he was a political envoy and belonged to the position of agent; How many years have passed, and now he has returned to Fujian to study politics there. Did he get a promotion? Hardly. Functionally, it has fallen.
Even more bizarre, Zhu? He came to Fujian this time to take the place of his brother Zhu Jun. At that time, it was also a big news. Later, my brother Zhu Jun returned to Beijing to work and died of illness a year later, which was considered an early death. Of course, this is beside the point, and we can't press the table.
Zhu? Calligraphy Festival is near Lugong.
Zhu? It's far away from Fujian, which is far away from Prince Yan Yong. But with what? It's not even a thousand calculations. Prince versus Zhu? The teacher's feeling is that the seas run dry and the rocks crumble. He automatically feeds Zhu once every three days. Writing a letter is not only a confession, but also a consultation for youth confusion. The relationship between master and apprentice has deepened. Zhu? During his four years in Fujian, Prince Yan Yong wrote him 139 personal letters. Mentoring feelings, every word is like a mirror.
04
In the forty-ninth year of Qianlong (1784), at the repeated request of the prince, Emperor Qianlong took Zhu? Was transferred back to Beijing and promoted to a bachelor's degree in cabinet. Two years later, he was transferred to assistant minister of does. Go back to your right foot, Zhu? Naturally, I have resumed close contact with Prince Yan Yong. What about this? It was a hundred discomforts, but there was nothing he could do. The prince is an adult. Who is he dating? Even gan long can't interfere too much, let alone him and? ?
Intellectual stuff, Zhu? I've taught the prince everything he can, and there's nothing to teach. But what about Zhu? What I never forget is to teach the prince at all times and continue to "keep a low profile", so that his father, Emperor Qianlong, can neither feel that he is eager to take over, nor can he easily offend people around Qianlong, especially those with him. , more can't offend: "Once you make peace? Grab the handle and stir in front of the saint. Maybe your right to inherit the throne will be gone. "
To be fair, if it weren't for Zhu, Repeatedly reminded of the constraints, according to Yan Yonghe? Has he always had this kind of resentment and disgust? Fall out: Because he is sincere? The "two emperors" faction hated it. But the throne hasn't arrived yet, so I can only bear it.
Portrait of Qianlong
Qianlong fifty-nine years (1794), Zhu? I was transferred to another place. Different from the previous provincial or ministerial deputy or director level, this time, Zhu? Be promoted to the high position of governor of Guangdong and Guangxi. The appointment of this official title, in addition to the factors that the prince helped to win, was also due to the consideration of Emperor Qianlong for the training and care of the prince: "Calculate, Zhu? My personality is still relatively reliable. In the future, without his assistance, the prince can also be in office. "
In the sixty-first year of Qianlong (1796), Emperor Qianlong finally realized that he was old and it was time to give up the throne to the prince, so he announced his abdication. Prince Yan Yong succeeded to the throne and was called Emperor Jiaqing. But it would be naive if Emperor Jiaqing thought that he could give orders from now on. Gan Long abdicated, but he refused to give up. He also became the strongest and greatest emperor in history.
Zhu, who is far away from the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi? Taking this as a mirror, he secretly entrusted Emperor Jiaqing: "The imperial power has not really been achieved, so we should hide our light and bide our time." Because in theory, the emperor's father still has the right to abolish Jiaqing's throne, so Emperor Jiaqing must be a man with his tail between his legs and serve the emperor's father well.
And then what? The authority was puzzled for a moment. He fought side by side with Ganlong, and the real power was to protect him, so he continued to be high-profile and overbearing. And then what? You don't want to think, gan long is so old that he will die one day. He is not yet 50 years old. Why doesn't he think about his future and please Jiaqing more?
In fact, this is the so-called smart. Emperor Jiaqing remembered Zhu? Teach, and after he ascended the throne? In front of me, I still keep a humble attitude, bite a word "harmony", pretend that I can't make up my mind about anything, and often ask for advice. . As a result, what else? I have an illusion: "The young emperor also likes me and loves me. Why should I worry about the future? " Smart as peace? I can't see through the surface of Emperor Jiaqing, but I hate him very much.
The person who really saw through this matter was Gan Long, Emperor Taizong. Who knows what will happen to his minions after his death? It will never end well. But he can't tell the truth. From his point of view, one day, and then what? It's not bad to accompany him to death; After all, he likes to talk to? Yes
What else is the dream of the forbidden city? (refers to) and Zhu? (Li Ding)
And then what? Confusion and greed continue. On one occasion, Emperor Jiaqing wanted to release Zhu? Transfer him back to Beijing from the post of governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, and let him join the cabinet. Jiaqing told Gan Long to be rational, and finally waited for Gan Long to nod. Who knows? He ran to Qianlong to sow discord: "Today's holy family (Jiaqing) is cronyism, which is not suitable for the Qing Dynasty."
Gan Long's eyes are dim. He thinks it's peaceful? That makes sense. Somehow, Emperor Jiaqing and Zhu are at the same time? Anger comes from the heart. Fortunately, Gao Dong, the military affairs minister, mediated, and the matter went away.
But even so, what else? Or did you persuade the emperor's father to do something for Zhu? Be demoted. The reason is: "Guangdong bandits are serious, Zhu? As the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, it has little effect. " Ganlong is satisfied again, how about it? Control, Zhu? Demoted to the governor of Anhui. After this incident, was Emperor Jiaqing right? Resentment deepened.
05
In the first month of the fourth year of Jiaqing (1799), the emperor Qianlong, with deep pockets, finally couldn't resist the old man's reminder and died at the age of 88. Before Qianlong's funeral was finished, Emperor Jiaqing announced peace? Crime, and arrested him in time. And then what? Finally, he committed suicide. The biggest corrupt official in history collapsed like this.
Jiaqing investigated it? So soon, it can be seen that he hates his guts. On the other hand, will Emperor Jiaqing be Zhu first? Recalling Beijing from the post of governor of Anhui shows that Zhu is right? Dear heart.
According to records, Zhu? When he returned to Beijing, Jiaqing personally greeted him outside the city, thinking that he was tired of his master's teaching and wanted to bury the hatchet by hiding his strength. I can't express my gratitude. He took Zhu? Hands, tears streaming down her face, which is rare among emperors in past dynasties.
Zhu? Stone carving in front of tomb
How time flies, Zhu? Later, the process of how to assist Jiaqing in power was not obvious. On December 5th, the 11th year of Jiaqing (1806), Zhu? He died of illness at the age of 77. Emperor Jiaqing personally came to Zhu? I offered my condolences at home, only to find that the Zhujiajian family was as simple as washing, and the family situation was no different from that of ordinary poor scholars. Emperor Jiaqing couldn't help but feel sad and burst into tears when he thought that the teacher was honest and clean all his life and was willing to be poor.
Emperor Jiaqing on behalf of the official to Zhu? The latter evaluation is quite high, saying that he is "straight-headed, honest, skilled in art and mellow in appearance." He also awarded posthumous title "Zheng Wen", which is the highest honor that ancient civil servants can enjoy. Zhu? At this point in my life, it is worthwhile.
"Hanlin" plaque, Zhu? Inscribed in his later years, he is now in Fujian Pincang Culture Company. It is believed that all the people inscribed on the plaque are candidates for the Fujian Imperial Examination. So, what about Zhu? Deep feelings for Fujian, the second hometown.
Zhu? Hanlinbian
Zhu? Hanlin plaque part