Chronology of major events in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties:
In 220 AD, Cao ***. Cao Pi proclaimed himself emperor, and the country was named Wei. The Eastern Han Dynasty fell.
In 221 AD, Liu Bei proclaimed himself emperor, the country was named Han, and the history was called Shu Han.
In the battle of Yiling (Xiaoting) in 222 AD, Liu Bei was defeated by Lu Xun.
In 225 AD, Zhuge Liang pacified Nanzhong. , captured Meng Huo seven times.
In 229 AD, Sun Quan proclaimed himself emperor, and the country was named Wu.
In 234 AD, Zhuge Liang stationed troops in Wuzhangyuan and died of illness.
In 249 AD Sima Yi killed Cao Shuang.
In 263 AD, Zhong Hui and Deng Ai attacked Shu, and Shu fell.
In 265 AD, Sima Yan deposed the Wei emperor and established the Western Jin Dynasty. Wei fell.
In 280 AD, Du Yu and Wang Jun of the Jin Dynasty attacked Wu and Wu died.
The Rebellion of the Eight Kings from 291 to 306 AD.
In 301 AD, the clan member Li Te led an uprising.
In 308 AD, the Huns Liu Yuan proclaimed himself emperor.
In 316 AD, the Xiongnu Liu Yao captured Chang'an and the Western Jin Dynasty fell.
AD In 317 AD, Sima Rui ascended the throne in Jiankang, and the Eastern Jin Dynasty began.
In 319 AD, Shi Le, a member of the Jie tribe, was proclaimed King of Zhao.
In 354 AD, Huan Wen's Northern Expedition reached Bashang.
Before 376 AD, Qin Fu Jian unified the north.
In 383 AD, at the Battle of Feishui, Fu Jian's massive attack on the Eastern Jin Dynasty failed.
In 399 AD, Sun En's uprising.
In 420 AD, Liu Yu established the Song Dynasty (Liu Song), and the Eastern Jin Dynasty fell. The Southern and Northern Dynasties began.
In 439 AD, the Northern Wei Dynasty unified the north.
In 462 AD, Zu Chongzhi established the Ming Dynasty. .
In 479 AD, Xiao Daocheng proclaimed himself emperor, established the Southern Qi Dynasty, and the Song Dynasty fell.
In 493 AD, Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty moved the capital to Luoyang.
In 502 AD, Xiao Yan Proclaimed emperor, established the Liang Dynasty, and fell to the Southern Qi Dynasty.
Liuzhen Uprising in 523 AD.
In 534 AD, the Northern Wei Dynasty split into Western Wei and Eastern Wei.
548 AD —Hou Jing's Rebellion in 552.
In 550 AD, Gaoyang established the Northern Qi Dynasty and the Eastern Wei Dynasty fell.
In 557 AD, Chen Baxian proclaimed himself emperor and established the Chen Dynasty. Liang died. Zi Wenjue established the Northern Zhou Dynasty. The Western Wei Dynasty fell.
In 531 AD, Yang Jianzheng became emperor and established the Sui Dynasty. The Northern Zhou Dynasty fell.
In 589 AD, the Sui Dynasty destroyed Chen and unified China.
Wei and Jin Dynasties The period is from 220 AD to 589 AD.
At the end of the 2nd AD, the rule of the Eastern Han Dynasty declined, and Chinese history entered a long period of division. Initially, the three kingdoms of Wei, Shu, and Wu stood in power (189-265 AD) Years), the situation of the Three Kingdoms ended with the Western Jin Dynasty, but the unity of the Western Jin Dynasty only lasted for a short time (265-316 AD), and the division began again. The Western Jin royal family established the Eastern Jin Dynasty in the south of the Yangtze River (317-420 AD). The north fell into ethnic melee, and many political regimes emerged, collectively called the Sixteen Kingdoms.
During this period, the southern economy developed greatly. The ethnic minorities in the west and north moved inward one after another, and conflicts between the various ethnic groups The migration and miscellaneous places promoted the integration and exchange. In terms of culture, metaphysics was prevalent, and Buddhism and Taoism spread and developed in the struggle with each other, but the rulers generally protected Buddhism. In terms of literature and art, the poems and essays of Jian'an Seventh Son, Tao Yuanming and others , the calligraphy of Wang Xizhi and others, the paintings of Gu Kaizhi and others, and the art of cave temples such as Dunhuang Grottoes, are all immortal works.
In terms of science and technology, Zu Chongzhi was the first to calculate the accurate value of pi to seven decimal places. digits; Jia Sixie's "Essentials for Qi Min" is a masterpiece in the history of world agriculture.
Southern and Northern Dynasties (AD 420-58)
9 years) is the collective name of the Southern and Northern Dynasties. The Northern Dynasties include: Northern Wei. The Northern Wei split into the Eastern Wei and the Western Wei. Then the Northern Qi replaced the Eastern Wei, the Northern Zhou replaced the Western Wei, and the Northern Zhou destroyed the Northern Qi. The Southern Dynasty is relatively simple. , successively Song, Qi, Liang, and Chen.
During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the economy was focused on the south, because the population of the Central Plains continued to move southward to avoid chaos, which not only increased the labor force in the south of the Yangtze River, but also introduced advanced production technology It greatly promoted the local economic development. Yangzhou was surrounded by economically developed areas in the Southern Dynasties at that time.
In terms of culture, the most prominent one was the development of metaphysical thought. Troubled times provided fertile ground for freedom of thought; the literary Achievements were also very high, the most prominent being poetry.
Foreign exchanges during this period were also very prosperous, reaching Japan and Korea in the east, Central Asia and Qin (i.e. Rome) in the west, and Southeast Asia.
Since the fall of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the Southern and Northern Dynasties have become one of the few periods of division between the north and the south in the history of our country. Although its formation has stagnated economic development, the Yellow River Basin was formed due to foreign rule over the Central Plains. The great integration of ethnic groups is unprecedented. It was under these conditions that the various ethnic groups in northern China were gradually assimilated by the Han people and eventually became the same ethnic group. Therefore, the division of the Southern and Northern Dynasties played an extremely important role in accelerating the unification of the ethnic groups. It is China's It is an indispensable and important link in the process of national development.