Calligraphy Fan Xiang

Song Renzong Zhao Zhen, the fourth monarch of the Song Dynasty, can be said to be an emperor with a rather low sense of existence. Not surprisingly, he didn't have the great achievements of many dissenting Confucian Hanwu, the great talents of Tang Zong and Song Zu, the distinctive personality of Zhengde Emperor and the dramatic experience of Qianlong's trip to the south of the Yangtze River. He is an ordinary monarch, living in the deep palace, and his life is as dull as water. Of course, no folk scholar wants to interpret his mediocre life as a folk legend. However, it was during the reign of this ordinary monarch that many outstanding figures emerged in the history of China. I have talked about talents in the Song Renzong era before: I don't think I have finished yet, so I will talk about it again today. In the literary world, the Ming Dynasty selected the "Eight Masters of Tang and Song Dynasties", six of whom came from the Northern Song Dynasty (Ouyang Xiu, Su Xun, Su Shi, Su Zhe, Wang Anshi and Ceng Gong), all of whom entered the historical stage in the Renzong Dynasty. Tang Poetry and Song Poetry are the two peaks of China's classical poetry. Later generations used to divide Song poetry into two schools: bold words and graceful words. Those who hold lofty words are the best, and those who hold gentle words are the best. Liu, the official of Qipin, said, "Liu Langzhong's ci is nothing more than a group of 178 girls holding red fangs and singing' Yang Liuan, the breeze is fading away'. Bachelor's degree, you must sing "The Great Man in Kansai does not return to the river", and the bronze pipa is iron. " Su and Liu Langzhong are both first-class poets of the times. In academia, a hundred schools of thought contended in the Song Dynasty, and schools such as "Joint Learning", "Master Learning", "Luo Learning", "Shu Learning" and "Hexiang Mathematics" were formed. The founders or representatives of these schools all lived in the dynasty. The famous "Five Scholars of the Northern Song Dynasty" (Zhou Dunyi, Shao Yong, Zhang Zai, Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi) were all great scholars who were active in the Zhao Zhen era. Politicians include not only the backbones of Renzong Dynasty such as Fan Zhongyan, Fu Bi, Han Qi and Du Yan who presided over the "Qingli New Deal", but also Wang Anshi, Zhang Dun, Lv Huiqing and Deng Wan who led the "Xifeng Reform", and Sima Guang, Lv Gongzhu, Fan Chunren and Su Zhe who led the "Yuan You Reform". In the field of science, three of China's "Four Great Inventions" appeared in the Zhao Zhen era (the * * * used to make hot weapons was first seen in Jason Wu's General Program of Injong Dynasty, and the compass and movable type printing technology were first seen in Meng Qian's Bi Tan of Shen Kuo); Su Song and Shen Kuo, the two smartest scientists in the Song Dynasty (Su Song invented the world's earliest automatic astronomical clock "water transport instrument", while Shen Kuo was a genius who dabbled in astronomy, geography and physical chemistry), both grew up in Zhao Zhen's era. Mr. Yu, a researcher in the history of the Song Dynasty, devoted a chapter to "Song Renzong and his famous officials" in his Detailed Interpretation of the Song Dynasty-when it comes to the talents of Renzong Dynasty, they are really second to none in the history of the Song Dynasty, and a long list can be made: politically famous officials are Fan Zhongyan, Lu Zongdao, Cai Qi, Chen Yaozuo, Han Yi, Du Yan, Pang Ji and Han Yi. Zhao Zuo, Wu Kui, Zhang, Zhao Bian, Lu Hui, Fan Zhen, Ceng Gongliang, Wang Anshi, Sima Guang, Lv Gongzhu, Lu Gongbi, Lu Dafang, Lv Huiqing, Ceng Bu, Zhang Yun, Han Jiang, Han Wei, Han Zhongyan and Fu Yaoyu, who are active in Shenzong, Zhezong and Huizong. Zhang Xian, Liu Yong, Yan Shu, Song Yao, Song Qi, Athena Chu, Mei Yao Chen, Su Shunqin, Su Xun, Ouyang Xiu (Su Shi and Huang Tingjian are good at calligraphy), Cai Xiang (calligraphy), Yan Wengui, Wu Zongyuan, Xu Daoning, Zhao Chang, Yi Yuanji, Wen Tong, Guo Xi and Wang E. There are Sun Shi, Liu Chang (above Confucian classics), Hu Yuan, Sun Fu, Shijie, Li Gou (above philosophy), Zhang Zai, Shao Yong, Zhou Dunyi, Cheng Hao, Cheng Yi, Lu Dalin (above neo-Confucianism), Song Qiumin, Fan Zuyu, Liu Shu, Liu Ban (above historiography) and so on. The scientific and technological circles include Wang, Yan Su, Bi Sheng, Shen Kuo, Jia Xian and Su Song. As Su Shi said: "The world of Renzong is called Toz, and it is used by three generations." In the Ming Dynasty, Li Zhi even thought that "once in a year, great men come forth in large numbers, but once in a thousand years". (Quoted from "On Song") There is hardly an era in history that can compare with the talents of Renzong Dynasty. No wonder Su Shi said, "Renzong reigned for forty-two years and gathered countless heroes in the world. I think I'm too worried, and I respect my words, so I'm safe, but it's a long way, and I still think it will be used by future generations for a hundred years. As for today, he depends on it. " Li Zhi in Ming Dynasty once lamented that once in Renzong, "great men come forth in large numbers, once in a thousand years". Many folk romantic stories are set in the Song Renzong dynasty, probably because there were so many talented people in that era. Why did so many outstanding figures emerge in a monarchy with a very low sense of existence?