1. Allusions to "Du Ling":
Among the famous figures whose birthplace is clearly stated in Du Ling in historical records, the earliest one is Cheng Miao of the Qin Dynasty.
Cheng Miao, whose courtesy name was Yuan Cen, was born in Du Qu, now the Shaoling Plain.
He was originally a clerk (subordinate) who copied documents in Du County. Influenced by his profession, he loved studying writing. Later, he was arrested and imprisoned for violating the law.
In the Qin Dynasty, the writing system was unified and Xiaozhuan was commonly used. Writing was troublesome and difficult to write quickly.
While in prison, Cheng Miao "thought about it for ten years and gained or lost Xiaozhuan" ("Dharma Book Yaolu·Shujuan"). He devoted himself to sorting out more than 3,000 characters that were simpler and easier to write than Xiaozhuan and reported them to the court.
Qin Shihuang was very happy when he saw it, and the order was promulgated and implemented.
These words were written by Li people, so they are called "Qin Li".
During the Western Han Dynasty, Qin Li developed and changed the pictograms into strokes and the round strokes into square folds, forming a brand new calligraphy style, which is "Han Li".
From Xiaozhuan to Qin Li and Han Li, it was the most significant and profound change in the history of the evolution of Chinese characters, known as the "Li Change" in history.
As a philologist, Cheng Miao played a pioneering role in this revolution and played an indispensable role.
After the Western Han Dynasty established the capital of Chang'an, especially after the establishment of Duling County, the advantages of Duling's original treasures and outstanding people immediately became apparent.
The local Du family is the descendant of Du Boguo in the Western Zhou Dynasty, and famous officials such as Du Yannian and Yilang Duqin emerged.
The Wei family moved from Dongfang Zoudi (today's Zouxian County, Shandong Province) to Duling, and gradually multiplied into a famous family. Wei Xian and Wei Xuancheng, their father and son, both reached the rank of prime minister.
The Zhang and Su families in Duling are also famous.
The Zhang family produced the jurist Zhang Tang and the strategist Zhang Anshi; the Su family produced the military strategist Su Jian and the patriot Su Wu.
Su Wu, courtesy name Ziqing, served as a general of the rank of Zhonglang during the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and led an envoy to the Xiongnu.
In order to achieve political goals, the Xiongnu Chanyu detained him and induced him to surrender.
Su Wu loved his motherland and would rather die than surrender, showing his noble national integrity.
The Xiongnu Chanyu became angry and banished him to the North Sea (now Lake Baikal, Russia) to herd sheep. He lived an inhuman life for nineteen years until he returned to Chang'an during the reign of Emperor Zhao of the Han Dynasty.
Chen Yu, a poet of the Tang Dynasty, praised Su Wu's character in a poem: "Nestew of the Tianshan Mountains lies on the Yanhai Sea, full of sand and swamps, with no spring in sight.
The emperor's heartbroken country looks at the sun in the distance, and the Han retainers are scattered in the festival. .
"("Reading the Biography of the Soviet Union") In addition, the famous scholar Xiao Wangzhi, the famous general Feng Fengshi, the scholar Tian He, and the ministers Wang Shang and Shi Gao were also from Duling.
From Wang Mang’s New Dynasty to the Northern Dynasties, Duling County was renamed Rao’an County, Du County and Ducheng County.
In the second year of Jiande of the Northern Zhou Dynasty (573 AD), it was merged into Chang'an County and Wannian County.
During the Eastern Han Dynasty, Du Cao, a calligrapher from Du Ling, was good at writing memorials in cursive script, which was known as "Zhangcao" in the world.
During the Western Jin Dynasty, Du Ling produced an outstanding military strategist and historian named Du Yu.
Du Yu, also known as Yuan Kai, was erudite and resourceful. He led his troops to participate in the war against Wu and won many battles, thus earning the reputation of "Du Wenku".
He loved and studied "Zuo Zhuan" so much that he called himself "Zuo Zhuan Addict". He wrote the book "Collection and Commentary of Zuo's Classics in the Spring and Autumn Period", which is the earliest "Zuo Zhuan" handed down to later generations. Note this.
In the Tang Dynasty, Chang'an was established as the capital, and Du Ling had numerous famous figures.
The Du family produced ten prime ministers, the most famous of whom were Du Ruhui and Du You.
Du Ruhui, also known as Keming, and Fang Xuanling were in charge of the government, loyally assisted Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty, and made great contributions to the political situation of creating the "Government of Zhenguan".
Du You, courtesy name Junqing, has been in charge of financial affairs for a long time and has made great achievements.
Moreover, it took 30 years to write 200 volumes of "Tongdian", which is China's first general history work that records the laws and regulations of past dynasties.
The ancestral home of the poet Du Fu is in Duling.
Poets Du Mu and Du Guangting are authentic Duling people.
Du Mu, also known as Muzhi and Fanchuan, is an excellent poet, fu and prose writer. His works include Quatrains of Passing through Huaqing Palace, Jiangnan Spring, Parking at Qinhuai, Qingming, Traveling to the Mountains, Afang Palace Fu, etc. , popular among the people and passed down from generation to generation.
The Wei family is also very prominent. Wei Juyuan, Wei Anshi, Wei Chuhou, etc. are all prime ministers. Wei Shu is a historian, Wei Yuantian and Wei Yan are famous painters, and Wei Yingwu and Wei Zhuang are famous poets.
At that time, the Du and Wei families lived separately in the Duqu and Weiqu areas of Fanchuan, which had a decisive influence on the political arena of the Li and Tang dynasties. Therefore, there is a saying of "Weidu in the south of the city, go to Tianchiwu" explain.
In the Tang Dynasty, "Jingzhao Chang'an" and "Jingzhao Wannian" actually included the original Duling County.
Duling has produced many politicians, military strategists, diplomats, writers (including poets), artists, historians, philologists, etc. It can be called the cradle of famous people.
It made an immortal contribution to the glorious culture of the Han and Tang Dynasties and left a precious cultural heritage.
2. Pinyin of the word:
[ dù líng ]
3. Explanation of the word:
(1) Place name.
In today's southeast of Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province.
In ancient times, it was Du Boguo.
The Qin Dynasty established Du County, and Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty built a mausoleum on Dongyuan, so it was named Duling.
And change Du County to Duling County.
The Jin Dynasty was called Ducheng County, the Northern Wei Dynasty was called Du County, and the Northern Zhou Dynasty was abolished.
Tang Lu Zhaolin's poem "The Ancient Meaning of Chang'an": "The eagle flies to the north of Du Ling with a bomb, and the pills are borrowed from the west of Wei Bridge.
"Xin Yuefu·Du Lingsou" by Bai Juyi of the Tang Dynasty : "Du Lingsou, Du Ling's residence, cultivates more than an hectare of thin land every year.
" Song Dynasty Zhang Xian's "Gengluozi" poem: "Du Lingchun, Qin Shuwan, the farewell is even more worthy of the distance." < /p>
(2) Tomb of Emperor Xuan of Han Dynasty.
"Book of Han·Chronicles of Emperor Yuan": "In the first month of the first year of the Chu Yuan Dynasty in the spring of Xinchou, Emperor Xiaoxuan was buried in Du Mausoleum.
" "Sanfu Huangtu·Mausoleum": "Emperor Xuan Du Mausoleum is located fifty miles south of Chang'an City.
When the emperor was among the people, he liked to visit Du Jian, so he was buried here.
(3) Refers to Du Fu of Tang Dynasty.
Song Dynasty's poem "Reply to Du Ziye's Master's Book": "After Du Ling, there is a grandson, who abides by the strict rules of a poet.
" Ming Zheng Ang's poem "Feelings": "Wang Can is still in the country in desolation, but the boss of Du Ling is fluttering.
" Qing Dynasty Sun Zhiwei's poem "Tong Cheng Mu Qian Visits Zhou Yuanliang's Agriculture": "Du Ling is still a guest, but Cao Ba has no poems.
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” See “Du Lingye Lao”.