Advise the original text
Mr. Wang said: I can't learn. Green is taken from blue, and green is blue; Ice and water are cooler than water. The wood is straight in the rope, thinking it is a wheel, and its curve is in the gauge; Although there is a crisis, those who stop coming forward will make it happen.
Persuasive translation
The gentleman said: learning can't stop. Indigo is extracted from bluegrass and bluer than bluegrass. Ice is solidified by water, which is cooler than water. The wood is straight and conforms to the chalk line. If it is bent into a wheel, the curvature of wood meets the standard of roundness. Even if you dry it again, it won't be straight.
Advise the original text
Therefore, the wood is straight by the rope, the gold is sharp, the gentleman is knowledgeable, and he saves himself every day, so he knows clearly without fault.
Persuasive translation
It is because it has been processed that it has become like this. Therefore, wood can be straightened after being measured with ink lines, and metal products such as swords can be sharpened after being ground on a millstone. A gentleman reads widely and checks himself every day, then he will be wise and wise, and his behavior will not be wrong.
Advise the original text
Think all day long, it is better to learn it in a moment; I've tasted it and I'm looking forward to it. Let's go hiking. Climbing a mountain, the arm is not so long, but the person you see is far away; Call with the wind, the sound does not add disease, but the listener is obvious. Those who cheat horses are not good enough, but cause thousands of miles; A man who pretends to be a boat can't swim, but he can't swim. The life of a gentleman is the same, and the goodness lies in personal leave.
Persuasive translation
I used to think about it all day, but I didn't learn much in an instant. I once stood on tiptoe and looked far away, but it was better to climb high and look far. Climb high and wave, the arm is not longer than before, but others can see it in the distance; Call with the wind, the voice is not as loud as before, but the listener can hear clearly. People with chariots and horses can walk Wan Li Road if they don't walk fast, and people with boats can swim across the river without swimming. A gentleman's qualification is no different from that of ordinary people, but he is good at using foreign things.
Advise the original text
Accumulated soil becomes mountains, and the wind and rain are prosperous; The water drops merged into the ocean and the dragon was born; Accumulate goodness into virtue, the gods are complacent, and the sacred heart is prepared. Therefore, you can't take Wan Li Road without accumulating steps; If you don't accumulate small streams, you won't be a river. Leap, not ten steps; This is a great contribution to the success of Ma Xu. Perseverance, rotten wood can't be carved; Perseverance, the stone can be carved.
Persuasive translation
Earth and stone pile up into mountains, and the wind and rain start from here; Water flows into the abyss, and dragons are born from it; Accumulate good deeds and cultivate noble character, then you will reach a high degree of wisdom and you will have the spiritual realm of a saint. Therefore, without the accumulation of half a step, there is no way to reach thousands of miles away; Without the accumulation of tiny flowing water, there is no way to merge into the rivers and seas. The horse jumped less than ten paces; A bad horse can walk for ten days, and its success lies in its constant walking. If it stops after a while, the rotten wood will continue to be carved. Stick to carving and the stone will be carved successfully.
Advise the original text
Earthworms do not have the advantages of minions, and their bones and muscles are strong. They eat the earth and drink the yellow land with their hearts. The crab kneels six times and pinches twice. It's not that the snake hole has no sustenance, it's also impetuous.
Persuasive translation
Earthworms have no sharp claws and teeth and strong bones and muscles, but they can eat soil and drink spring water because they are single-minded. A crab has six feet and two big claws. (But) without the caves of snakes and eels, it has nowhere to live, because it is impetuous.
2. The classical Chinese answer to Confucius' exhortation, the original text saw Confucius, and Confucius asked, "Why are you so happy?" He said, "Good sword." Confucius said, "I didn't ask this question. I just said that I can do what my son can do. With knowledge, can I achieve it? " Lutz said, "Is learning beneficial?" Confucius said, "A lady will lose her honor if she doesn't give advice, and a scholar will lose her hearing if she doesn't have a church member. If you fight a crazy horse, you won't release the strategy. If you hold a bow, you will be straight. If you are admonished, you will be sacred. If you learn, you will ask again. Destroying benevolence and evil officials is a near punishment. A gentleman must learn. " Lutz said, "There are bamboos in Nanshan." Confucius said, "It includes the feather, not too deep, but can be sharpened." Lutz said again, "I am respected and educated." This paragraph is selected from the editor's note. ① It is the same as "Qi" and pronoun, which is equivalent to "Who". ② Yes: it means rhetorical tone, which is equivalent to "No". 3 interpretation: release. Strategy: whip. ④: (qíng) correction. Attention. ⑦ Kneading: Processing. 8 rhinoceros skin: rhinoceros skin. Pet-name ruby includes: the end of the arrow. Feather: Used as a verb, meaning to attach an arrow feather. ⑩ ?: (zú): Arrow, used as a verb, meaning "attached arrow". Mo Li: Sharpen a stone, used as a verb, Luz replied, "I like long swords." Confucius said, "That's not what I asked. With your talent and knowledge, you should have good talent. " Lutz said, "Can learning increase our ability?" Confucius said, "If you don't have a minister who dares to remonstrate, there is something wrong with your politics; If a scholar has no friends who can correct his shortcomings, his moral character is easy to be lost. Wild horses can't put down their whips, and they can't shoot arrows with bows. Trees can only grow straight by pulling with ink ropes, and people can only be noble if they can accept good words. If you teach them seriously and ask more questions, there is nothing they can't learn. Those who violate benevolence and righteousness and specialize in evil will be punished by national laws at any time. Therefore, a gentleman has to learn. Lutz said: "There is a kind of bamboo in Nanshan, which is straight and does not knead or bake. After sharpening, it can penetrate the thick skin of rhinoceros, so why go through the learning process? Confucius said, "If you put feathers on the tail of an arrow and sharpen it, can't the arrow shoot deeper and farther?" Lutz thanked him and said, "I really benefited a lot." The editor briefly analyzed this passage, which was selected from Confucius' Family Language and recorded a conversation between Confucius and Lutz when they first met. From this, we can appreciate Confucius' tireless educational thought of persuading people. "Don't be angry, don't be unhappy. In the face of Lutz's questioning and rhetorical question, Confucius made a concise and profound correction to the language. Confucius' students put a seemingly irrelevant sentence at the beginning. Confucius said, "Why not learn from time to time? Is it not delightful to have friends coming from distant quarters? Ignorance and dissatisfaction are not gentlemen? " What does Confucius want to express? In junior high school, the teacher separated three sentences, which were easy to understand: it is always a pleasure to look back and learn from the past, and friends come to see me from afar; Some people don't know it themselves, but they are not angry. Isn't that what gentlemen do? It is even more gratifying. Indeed, Confucius is proud of being a gentleman, although it may seem a bit silly now. In fact, China people are often good at analysis in their studies, but they often lack comprehensive ability. Mr. nan huaijin explained this sentence in The Analects of Confucius, which sounds logical, but it is not clear whether it conforms to the original intention. He said that these are three things that are connected by cause and effect: review makes Britain better. There are two behaviors in learning-learning and thinking. Confucius said in the second chapter of Politics: "Learning without thinking is useless, and thinking without learning is dangerous." It means that if you only study without thinking, you will be confused and get nothing; Thinking without learning will lead to slacking off and getting nothing. These are the two extremes in the learning process. In high school, this sentence has always been my motto. I really should thank Kong Old Master Q for being admitted to the university. My deskmate failed, but he worked as hard as I did. It's not that my luck is better than his. I think it is in this sentence. He is good at solving problems, but seldom thinks independently. In fact, thinking is also a skill that needs to be learned. Mine. Confucius said in the fifteenth chapter of Wei Linggong: "It is better to learn than to think useless." It seems that learning is more important than thinking, but it is not. Confucius said so, I can also say that it is useless to learn, it is better to think. Learning and thinking is learning. You can be a teacher. "If you review what you have learned and gain new experience, you can become a teacher." If you know what you have lost for one day and forget what you can do for one month, you can be said to be eager to learn. "If you remember what you will forget every day and don't forget what you have learned every month, then you can be said to be eager to learn. In high school, the teacher once told us the law of forgetting. You have to review what you have learned in the past within 24 hours before you can keep it in your mind for a long time. Don't believe in making friends? Can't you learn? " Check whether you have done three things well every day: are you loyal to planning for others? Is it trustworthy to associate with friends? Have you reviewed what the teacher said? Everyone who is eager to learn is struggling with forgetfulness. The methods that Confucius has explored in decades of study are taught to his students without reservation. In terms of learning attitude, firstly, Confucius thinks that "the knower is not as good as the doer, and the doer is not as good as the musician." In other words, people who know are not as happy as people who like them, and people who like them are not as happy as themselves. Interest is the best teacher. Confucius also paid attention to guiding students to cultivate their interest in learning.
3. The content words and function words in the classical Chinese "Encourage Learning" in senior high school ~ ~ ~ (with comments) O(∩ Classical Chinese is the language used by the ancients, and we have no use for it in real life. But it is the source of modern Chinese, and it still affects modern Chinese in various ways. Therefore, to really learn modern Chinese well, we must have a solid foundation in classical Chinese. The works are full of classical flavor, and the language is concise, accurate, elegant and vivid. Mr. Lu Xun read and studied a large number of ancient novels since he was a child, which had a great influence on his later novel creation. Mao Dun's skill in reciting A Dream of Red Mansions has always been praised. Qian Zhongshu was first a generation of scholars, proficient in Chinese and Western studies, especially Chinese studies, and then a writer. The world only knows the siege, not the cone. Liang Shiqiu is proficient in classics and a subset of classics and history, which is reflected in his prose works. Not only is the language quaint and honest, but he writes beautifully with the letters of the classics. Liang's extensive reading and wide application are really amazing. So, how can he learn classical Chinese well in senior high school? Here are some learning methods: First, master the basic language structure. Classical Chinese can be roughly divided into words and sentences, in which words include real words and function words; Sentences can be divided into five categories: judgmental sentences, passive sentences, inverted sentences, ellipsis sentences and fixed sentences. A systematic grasp of the language structure of classical Chinese and a clear understanding of its differences and connections with modern Chinese are the basis for learning classical Chinese. Second, correctly break sentences. There are no punctuation marks in ancient Chinese characters, so how to break sentences directly affects the understanding of the content of the article. Correct sentence breaking should pay attention to the following points: understand keywords and judge the relationship between words. Understand a certain appreciation of ancient culture; Master the rules of dialogue, reporting and quotation in the text; According to the words at the beginning and end of the sentence and the idioms in the sentence. Third, learn the correct translation methods. The principles of classical Chinese translation are: faithful to the original text, definite words, literal translation, supplemented by free translation. The following points should be paid attention to in translation: supplement the omitted parts; Adjust the word order; Increase or decrease appropriately. Fourth, repeat reading. As the saying goes, if you read a book a hundred times, its meaning will show itself. Reading more books can cultivate a sense of language and achieve the purpose of reading other ancient works skillfully. In addition, classical Chinese pays great attention to its internal rhythm and rhyme. Repeated reading can fully appreciate the musical beauty of the works and improve your interest in learning.
4. Ask (persuade) the classical Chinese explanation. Mr. Wang said: Learn from Fukashi.
Indigo is extracted from bluegrass, but its color is darker than bluegrass. Ice is condensed from water, but it is cooler than water. The wood is straight enough to match the straight ink line. If it is bent into a wheel through tanning process, the curvature of wood will meet the standard of roundness. Even if it is dried by the wind and sun, it will not be straight again, because it has been processed like this.
Therefore, after the wood is measured with ink lines, it can be straightened by processing with auxiliary tools, and the metal products such as swords can be sharpened after being ground on a millstone. A gentleman reads widely and checks himself every day, and he will be smart and witty, and his behavior will not be wrong. Therefore, if you don't climb the mountain, you don't know how high the sky is; I don't know how thick the ground is without facing the deep stream; If you don't understand the legacy of the emperor, you won't know the breadth of knowledge.
People who commit the crime of smuggling are born with the same voice, but when they grow up, their customs and habits are different, which is created by education. The Book of Songs says: "Gentlemen, don't always covet comfort.
Respect your work and love the virtue of integrity. The gods will give you good luck and good luck when they hear all this. "
There is no greater spiritual accomplishment than being influenced by morality, and there is no greater blessing than not having a disaster. I used to think about it all day, but I didn't learn much in an instant. I once stood on tiptoe and looked far away, but it was better to climb high and look far.
Climb high and wave, the arm is not longer than before, but others can see it in the distance; Calling with the wind, the voice didn't get louder, but the listener heard it clearly. People who use horses and chariots can walk Wan Li Road if they don't walk fast, and people who use boats and boats can swim across the Yangtze River and the Yellow River if they are not good at swimming.
A gentleman's qualifications and disposition are no different from those of ordinary people, but he is good at using foreign things. In the south, there is a bird called "Mongolian pigeon", which takes feathers as its nest, weaves with hair and ties it to the ear of a tender reed. When the wind blows, the reed spike breaks, the bird's nest falls down and all the eggs are smashed.
It's not that the nest is poorly woven, but that it shouldn't be tied to reeds. There is a kind of grass in the west called "Belamcanda". It is only four inches high, but it can overlook hundreds of miles away. Not because grass can grow tall, but because it grows on the top of the mountain.
Pennisetum grows in hemp fields and can stand upright without support. White sand will not turn white when mixed into black soil. The root of Sophora japonica is called Ai Xiang. Once it is immersed in smelly water, gentlemen and servants will avoid it. It's not that Ai itself is not fragrant, but that it is soaked and stinks. Therefore, a gentleman should choose a good environment to live and a moral person to make friends, so as to prevent delay and protect his moderation and integrity.
Everything happens for a reason, and the arrival of honor and disgrace also corresponds to virtue. Rotten meat gives birth to maggots, while dead fish give birth to worms. If you slack off and forget the code of conduct, something will happen.
Objects that are too hard are easily broken, and those that are too weak are easily bound. If you are not nice to people, it will cause disgust. Dry wood is flammable, low-lying and easy to wet, and there are many animals and plants. Everything is like sheep. Therefore, when the target is set, the bow and arrow will be shot. When a tree grows into a forest, it will lead to axe cutting. When the forest is lush and shady, birds will come to stay. When vinegar turns sour, it will attract mosquitoes. Therefore, words may cause trouble and actions may be humiliated. A gentleman can't help being cautious when dealing with people.
Earth and stone pile up into mountains, and the wind and rain start from here; Water flows into the abyss, and dragons are born from it; Accumulate virtue and do good deeds, cultivate noble moral character, and the natural mind will be clear and there will be a spiritual realm of saints. Therefore, without the accumulation of half a step, there is no way to reach thousands of miles away; Without the accumulation of tiny flowing water, there is no way to merge into the rivers and seas.
The horse jumped less than ten paces; A bad horse can walk for ten days, and its success lies in its constant walking. If it stops after a while, the rotten wood will continue to be carved.
Stick to carving and the stone will be carved successfully. Earthworms have no sharp claws, teeth, strong bones and muscles, but they can eat dirt and drink spring water because they are single-minded.
A crab has six legs and two crab claws. Without the caves of snakes and eels, it has nowhere to live, because it is impetuous. Therefore, without the will to study hard, there will be no significant academic achievements; Without hard work, there will be no great achievements in career.
Neither side will tolerate a man who can't get to his destination on the wrong road and serves two monarchs at the same time. The eyes cannot see two things at the same time and see clearly, and the ears cannot hear two sounds at the same time and hear clearly.
A poisonous snake can fly without feet, and a mouse has five skills, but there is still no way. The poem says: "Cuckoo nests in mulberry trees, and its young birds have seven.
A good gentleman should be single-minded and impartial. Only when the behavior is single-minded and not biased towards evil will the will be rock-solid. "
Therefore, a gentleman is determined and single-minded. In ancient times, there was a harpist, and the fish in the water surfaced to listen. Boya plays the piano, and the horse pulling the cart will stop to eat and look up.
Therefore, the sound will not be heard because it is weak, and the behavior will not be discovered because it is hidden. If Baoyu is buried in a deep mountain, the vegetation is moist, and if pearls fall into the abyss, the cliff shore will not dry up.
Good deeds can be accumulated, and they are not widely told. How can they be accumulated into virtues? Where should learning begin and end? A: According to its practice, it should start with reading poems and other classics and end with reading the Book of Rites. In its sense, it begins with learning and ends with becoming a saint. Sincere practice, such long-term accumulation, will certainly be able to deeply understand the fun, learn to die.
Therefore, although the tutorial of learning has an end, the desire to make progress cannot be slackened for a moment. It takes a lifetime to learn to be a man, and vice versa. Shangshu is a record of political affairs; The Book of Songs is a summary of one's heart. The Book of Rites is the premise of the legal system and the general program of various regulations, so you can't finish it until you learn the Book of Rites, which is the pinnacle of morality.
The Book of Rites respects the ceremony, the Book of Rites speaks in harmony, the Book of Songs and the Book of History are profound and profound, and the Spring and Autumn Annals is righteous and has covered all the university questions between heaven and earth. A gentleman's knowledge is obvious, which is manifested in his dignified behavior and his behavior in line with etiquette.
Every move, even the slightest words and deeds, can set an example for others.
5. Read the following classical Chinese and complete the following questions:1:d.
Question 2:C
Question 3: D.
Question 4: A.
Question 1:
Test analysis: this question essentially examines the paragraphs in classical Chinese. "Destiny" means "sex", qualification and endowment. For the key words in the class, be sure to take notes.
Question 2:
Analysis of test questions: C and the "er" in the example sentence both indicate a turning point. The average table in AB modifies the relationship, and the average table in D is tied. Pay attention to the accumulation of 18 function words, especially the typical sentences in the textbook.
Question 3:
Analysis of test questions: Xing means rising. It has no fixed structure and is not used for ... methods, sustenance, ancient and modern synonyms, support, shelter, recklessness and impetuousness. For the key words in class, be sure to take notes.
Question 4:
Test analysis: Xun Kuang was a native of Zhao at the end of the Warring States Period. When solving such problems, we must read carefully, compare the original sentence by sentence, and be calm when reading.
6. Persuade to learn classical Chinese knowledge.
Original text:
Mr. Wang said: I can't learn. Green is taken from blue, and green is blue; Ice and water are cooler than water. Wood is straight in the rope and is considered as a wheel. Although it is violent, it is natural to let it stand still. Therefore, the wood is straight by the rope, the gold is sharp, the gentleman is knowledgeable, and he saves himself every day, so he knows clearly without fault.
I've been thinking about it all day. I might as well learn it in a minute. I've tasted it and I'm looking forward to it. Let's go hiking. Climb a trick, the arm does not lengthen, but the person you see is far away; Call with the wind, the sound does not add disease, but the listener is obvious. Those who cheat horses are not good enough, but cause thousands of miles; A man who pretends to be a boat can't swim, but he can't swim. The life of a gentleman is the same, and the goodness lies in personal leave.
The soil becomes mountains, and the wind and rain are prosperous; The water drops merged into the ocean and the dragon was born; Accumulate goodness into virtue, the gods are complacent, and the sacred heart is prepared. Therefore, you can't take Wan Li Road without accumulating steps; If you don't accumulate small streams, you won't be a river. Leap, not ten steps; This is a great contribution to the success of Ma Xu. Perseverance, rotten wood can't be carved; Perseverance, the stone can be carved. I don't have the advantages of minions, but my bones and muscles are strong. I eat Egyptian soil and drink yellow water, and I also use my heart. The crab kneels eight times and pinches twice. This is not a snake's nest. People who have no sustenance are impatient at heart.
Translation:
The gentleman said: learning can't stop. Indigo is extracted from bluegrass and bluer than bluegrass. Ice is solidified by water, which is cooler than water. The wood is straight and conforms to the chalk line. If it is bent into a wheel, the curvature of wood meets the standard of roundness. No matter how dry it is, it won't be straight, because it has been processed like this. Therefore, wood can be straightened after being measured with ink lines, and metal products such as swords can be sharpened after being polished on grindstones. A gentleman reads widely and checks himself every day, so he will be wise and his behavior will not be wrong.
I used to think about it all day, but I didn't learn much in an instant. I once stood on tiptoe and looked far away, but it was better to climb high and look far. Climb high and wave, the arm is not longer than before, but others can see it in the distance; Call with the wind, the voice is not as loud as before, but the listener can hear clearly. People with chariots and horses can walk Wan Li Road if they don't walk fast, and people with boats can swim across the river without swimming. The essence of a gentleman is no different from ordinary people, but he is good at using foreign things.
Earth and stone pile up into mountains, and the wind and rain start from here; Water flows into the abyss, and dragons are born from it; Accumulate good deeds and cultivate noble character, then you will reach a high degree of wisdom and you will have the spiritual realm of a saint. Therefore, without the accumulation of half a step, there is no way to reach thousands of miles away; Without the accumulation of tiny flowing water, there is no way to merge into the rivers and seas. The horse jumped less than ten paces; A bad horse can walk for ten days, and its success lies in its constant walking. If it stops after a while, the rotten wood will continue to be carved. Stick to carving and the stone will be carved successfully. Earthworms have no sharp claws and teeth and strong bones and muscles, but they can eat dirt and drink spring water because they are single-minded. A crab has eight feet and two big claws. If there were no caves for snakes and crickets, it would have nowhere to live. This is because of impetuousness.