There are many historic sites in Luoyang. A street and a tree may have an extraordinary experience and past at first glance. What's true is that for thousands of years, the streets have been surging and dusty.
There are two criss-crossing roads near Luoyang Railway Station. A Jinguyuan Road and a Chun Qing Road. This name is taken from Jingu Chun Qing, one of the eight scenic spots in Luoyang.
The owner of Jinguyuan is Shi Chong, a second-generation famous minister in the Western Jin Dynasty, a super-rich man, a national husband at that time, and one of the main members of the famous talent group in the Western Jin Dynasty-Twenty-four Friends of Jingu.
Shi Chong organized a group of gifted scholars and beautiful women who were second to none in terms of face value, talent and family background.
Needless to say, Shi Chong, according to the Book of Jin, Shi Chong was a famous handsome man in the Western Jin Dynasty. His father Shi Bao was the founding hero of the Western Jin Dynasty, and Shi Chong was even more handsome.
Pan Yue, also known as Pan An, is the main representative of this talent group. Yes, it is the spokesman of ancient handsome men. A bus trip attracted young girls, young women and old women to throw flowers and fragrant fruits at each other.
When I was a child, I attended a wedding reception with adults. Luoyang custom has a tradition of praising the groom at the wedding. At that time, the emcee praised the groom as Pan An regardless of his height, beauty and ugliness. Being so young and ignorant, I thought all grooms would change their names to Pan An when they got married. Fortunately, I also vaguely feel that something is wrong. I never dared to ask such a shameful question, which tortured me silently for several years.
The representative of the twenty-four friends of Jingu is Lu Ji. Lu Ji was born in a famous family and was the grandson of Lu Xun, the prime minister of Sun Wu. Lu Ji's masterpiece On the Death of Bi is an analysis of the cause of death of Sun Wu. His Ping Fu Tie is also the earliest authentic celebrity calligraphy in ancient times.
Other members are Liu Kun, Lu Yun, Zuo Si, Ouyang Jian, Zhang Guo, Du Bin, Wang Cui, Zou Jie, Cui Ji, Liu Gui, Zhou Hui, Chen Min, Liu Xun, Zheng Miao, Zhi Yu, Zhu Gequan, Yu He, Qian Xiu, Liu Meng, Liu Yu and Du Yu.
Their origins are similar, and their attitudes towards life are consistent, occupying seven-tenths of the literary world at that time.
How awesome is this literary and art group? This can be seen from Shi Chong's Preface to Poems of the Golden Valley. In 296 AD, Wang Xu, the general of the Western Expedition, was going to Chang 'an, and Shi Chong and others saw him off at Jinguyuan. This was the first real gathering of scholars in the history of China, which was later called "Golden Valley Banquet".
This group of talented people in Jinguyuan "boarded the Yun Ge Pavilion, listed ginger, laid silk and bamboo, knocked on palace merchants, feasted on the Huachi and drank jade". "I feel that my life is eternal, and I am afraid that I will never die. Therefore, I listed my official number, name, age and wrote a poem. "
Fifty years later, in the ninth year of Yonghe, Wang Xizhi followed the example of this kind of scholar, "floating in Shaoxing Lanting and talking about hidden feelings", so there were "Lanting Ya Ji" and "Lanting Ji Xu".
Suzhou Humble Administrator's Garden, a world-famous garden, takes its name from Pan Yue's "Living in Idleness", "Building a house and planting trees, having fun ... irrigating the vegetable garden with vegetables, and having a meal in the morning and evening ... this is also the policy of my Humble Administrator's Garden."
We are all familiar with the famous saying: What does steel mean, turning it into a soft finger? Excerpted from Liu Kun's A Gift for Lu Chen.
Jingu Garden in Shichong is a beautiful garden. If the site is still there, its status will not be lost to today's Longmen and Baima Temple. According to textual research, the general orientation of Jingu Garden should be near Phoenix Terrace in Jinmeng Village, Luoyang today.
How beautiful is Jingu Garden? Qingxi haunts the garden, and the sound of water gurgles. Loutai Pavilion, pond swamp, blue waves, surrounded by brightly lit, lush trees, bamboo pavilions, flowers. The flowing water in the golden valley flows through, birds sing in the secluded village, and fish jump into the lotus pond.
Li Daoyuan's Notes on Water Classics records that "the garden has clear springs, lush trees, rich fruits, bamboo and cypress, and lush grass".
It is recorded in the Preface to the Poetry of the Golden Valley that the spring water in the garden is clear and the trees are lush, and many fruits, bamboos, cypresses and grasses belong to it. There are also pheasants, fish ponds and earth caves, all for entertainment.
Such a beautiful garden looks like Yuan Fei's family villa in A Dream of Red Mansions to me. You see, there are beautiful bamboo forests, quiet Xiaoxiang Pavilion, strange grass and strange vines. The strange fragrance is a garden in Wu Heng, and the lotus root is sitting by the water. The flute is melodious and melodious, and the music passes through the forest and floats across the water, which is particularly nice. Birds sing in secluded villages, and fish jump into the lotus pond. Isn't this Daoxiang Village?
How high is Jingu Garden in the history of gardens? There is a saying that there is Lanting in the south and Jingu in the north. Jingu is in the front and Lanting is in the back. From the date of the completion of Jingu Garden to the end of Tang Dynasty and the beginning of Song Dynasty more than 300 years later, literati came in droves, leaving many poems. The most famous is this poem of Jinguyuan by Du Mu.
The bustling past is gone with the fragrance of dust; The water is ruthless, and weeds are green every year until spring.
The birds groaned, and night came with the sound of the east wind; Falling flowers are as beautiful as green beads falling from upstairs.
Shi Chong is a self-made official second generation. Although his father, Shi Bao, was the founding hero of the Western Jin Dynasty, he was the first of the three fairs. However, Shi Bao's ancestors did not come from the cremation. Shi Bao started from a small official like Nong Sima and reached a high position step by step.
Shi Bao has six sons, and Shi Chong is the youngest. It is said that when Shi Bao died, all his property was given to other children, except Shi Chong. Shi Chong's mother asked Shi Bao, and Shi Bao said, "Although the child is young, he will be able to make money by himself in the future.
Shi Chong is the most talented of several children. He became a Xiuwu county magistrate at a young age, and then he was promoted step by step, and his career was smooth. Shi Chong's outstanding talent is only one of the reasons for his promotion. The more reason is that after the Sima family usurped the Cao Wei regime at that time, in order to win the hearts of the people, all the descendants loyal to the Sima family would be patronized, and the talented descendants would be promoted faster.
Regarding the source of Shi Chong's wealth, the mainstream view is that Shi Chong followed the Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty to crusade against Wu Yougong and was promoted to Jingzhou as a provincial official. At that time, Jingzhou, which was in charge of Hunan and Hubei, was the main traffic artery and the only place for merchants, from which Shi Chong's wealth was obtained. He sent troops to pretend to be bandits, robbed travel merchants and foreign envoys, and obtained huge amounts of property.
However, this statement can't stand scrutiny: when Emperor Wu of Jin was in power, Shi Chong followed the crusade against Wu, but he was only named the Hou of Anyang, and the reward was not the most generous. He was diligent in his studies, but later he worked for himself because of illness. After worship for Huang Menlang, scattered riding assistant, assistant. Equivalent to the emperor's adviser, close to the emperor, but without real power.
At this time, Shi Chong already had huge wealth and began to fight with Wang Kai. Moreover, Shi Chong became the secretariat of Jingzhou after the death of Emperor Wu of Jin and the reign of Sima Zhong of Hui Jin. Therefore, Shi Chong's huge wealth was not all earned by robbing merchants, at least not during the reign of Emperor Wu of Jin.
So where did Shi Chong's huge wealth come from when it was fighting for power and profit?
In the spirit of gossip, I plunged into historical materials and began to dig deep, and found several things.
Shi Chong sent people to Nanyang Islands to exchange silk, tea, copper and iron for pearls, agates, amber, rhinoceros horns, ivory and other valuables, and decorated the houses in Jingu Garden like palaces.
The exchange of silk tea, copper and iron for pearl agate can earn at least dozens or even hundreds of times of profits. Shi Chong really has a way of doing business. No wonder when you become an envoy, ten pearls are exchanged for green pearls. One welcome equals ten buckets, and one bucket equals ten liters. It's really like pearls, gold and iron.
According to the Book of Jin, there are more than 30 rafts in Jinguyuan, and there are more than 800 people in the warehouse. There is more than one pheasant in every place, which is equivalent to many food processing plants. In addition to the rare medicinal materials, vegetables, grain and fish in the park, you can boldly imagine that besides your own use, maybe Shi Chong runs a series of businesses in Luoyang, such as buying and selling grain and medicinal materials, and his clause is not just Jingu Garden, but also a bigger business.
Shi Chong's struggle for power and profit, Green Pearl's falling from the building and the Eight Kings' Rebellion were the turning points of Shi Chong's life.
Later generations said that Shi Chong's family was rich, too ostentatious, and he didn't understand why he was guilty. My uncle and I are incredibly rich, and we have the upper hand in three rounds. Life is luxurious, and there are countless beautiful women, which leads others to envy and get into trouble. Lvzhu fell from the building and was beheaded by Sima Lun and Sun Xiu in Dongcheng, killing three families.
In fact, none of the aristocratic families in the Western Jin Dynasty came to a good end in the Eight Kings Rebellion. Shi Chong's ending is inevitable, and it is inevitable sooner or later. The fate of twenty-four friends in Jingu is basically the same.
The Eight Kings Rebellion lasted 16 years. Not only did the elite of the aristocratic family who followed the royal family in the Western Jin Dynasty wither, but they were easily wiped out by the three clans, and the whole family was wiped out. Members of the Western Jin royal family also ate each other's flesh and blood and slaughtered each other. Eventually led to the demise of the Western Jin Dynasty. Luoyang city was also ravaged by thieves in the war and was completely destroyed.
Sima's family replaced Cao Wei's family in the Western Jin Dynasty for three generations, but it only existed for 5 1 year, and it ended in a tragic ending of cannibalism. It took two generations for Cao Cao's family to replace the Han family's inheritance, but it lasted only 46 years and was easily replaced by Sima's family.
The founders of the two family businesses, Cao Cao and Sima Yi, are both heroes, and the second generation is also very strong. Whether it is Cao Pi, Sima Shi or Si Mazhao, they can inherit the legacy of their fathers and have the courage and wisdom to lead the family forward.
The third generation is not bad, although Cao Rui's reign is short, only ten years, and nothing has happened. Sima Yan also contributed to the destruction of Wu and the unification of the Three Kingdoms. In the early days of his rule, he also reduced taxes, promoted family adjustment, developed production and prospered the economy. Late slack, extravagant corruption, but in the absence of a strong foreign invasion environment, the two dynasties were so short-lived, which must be caused by serious bugs in the political mechanism itself, which were not discovered and repaired in time.
In history, the evaluation of an emperor's civil and military skills before his death can only be counted as half of his political achievements. The key to test whether he is a wise monarch is to establish a reserve army, which can ensure the smooth handover and transition of power after his death without any trouble.
Cao Cao hesitated for a long time on the issue of building storage before his death, which led ministers to support Cao Pi and Cao Zhi respectively. Cao Pi suffered greatly in the process of competing for storage, so he acceded to the throne, learned from the lessons of the previous dynasties, and made orders that eunuchs, harems and consorts should not be in power. At the same time, in order to prevent other brothers from fighting for power and profit, a very strict enfeoffment system was formulated.
After the kings were sealed, the activity area should not exceed 30 miles, and they should not enter Beijing to associate with other sealed kings around them. At home, every move is controlled by the auxiliary supervision sent by the central government. Not a prisoner, what is it?
Not counting this, Cao Pi and his son were afraid that the kings would live in the same place for a long time and collude with local forces to form forces against the central authorities. Therefore, they constantly changed the king's fiefs, moved frequently and harassed them, making them unwilling and unable to confront the central government.
As a result, Cao Wei's regime was easily usurped by Sima Shi, who was in power, but Cao Shi's governors all over the country did not have the right to be diligent.
Cao Pi didn't really learn from the demise of the Western Han Dynasty and the Eastern Han Dynasty. He only cares about the imperial clan brothers, but he doesn't care about the safety of Cao Wei's regime. Forgetting the possibility of usurpation, he xelloss is the usurped Eastern Han regime!
Look at Sima Jia, but it is the other extreme.
Sima Yi experienced three emperors, with great military achievements and high prestige. Many talents, many sons and nephews. Since Sima Shi and Si Mazhao, the heart of replacing Cao Wei has always existed. This is the result of years of hard work.
Jin Chengwei, Wei and Jin bureaucratic system come down in one continuous line. The Sima family is indulgent to all clans and bureaucrats, so it has the status of Sima family. Therefore, when the Western Jin Dynasty was established, it was a decadent kingdom without the new atmosphere of the new dynasty.
It was because of witnessing the demise of Cao Wei's regime that Wang, who shared the same surname, was enfeoffed and the administrative power and army were decentralized. Not only that, many Wang with the same surname still work in Kyoto and are unwilling to go to their fiefs at all. If Cao Pi was too harsh on the imperial clan, then Sima Yan excessively dispersed the imperial clan's power.
Moreover, Sima Yan made the worst choice in the choice of reserves. Jin Huidi is extremely incompetent, and his ruling ability is below the passing line. Such a weak Lord, such a powerful clan, has a great probability of chaos.
Sima Yan was not satisfied with Sima Zhong either, but Sima Zhong's son, Sima Yu, was very clever and liked by Sima Yan. Sima Yan appointed the third generation heir every other generation, and Sima Yu's biological mother was not Sima Zhong's ex-wife Jia Nanfeng. Only from the perspective of human nature, Sima Yi's status as a prince is doomed to be dangerous.
Sure enough, shortly after Emperor Jinhui ascended the throne, Empress Jia and her consorts were authoritarian, so Jia Nanfeng designed a rebellion against the King of Qi, and proposed to abolish and kill the King of Qi. Jin Huidi didn't listen to his family, and the two men argued for some time.
At this time, Sima Lun, the prince of Zhao, was ready to move, urging Queen Jia not to leave any future trouble and to get rid of the prince. After the Queen Mother Jia killed the King of Qi, Sima Lun joined forces with the King of Qi and killed the Queen Mother Jia and her henchmen on the grounds that the Queen Mother Jia framed the King of Qi. The Eight Kings Rebellion began, and the royal families in the Western Jin Dynasty began to kill each other.
In this way, the Western Jin Dynasty perished tragically.
Since then, a turbulent era has begun.
This is Luoyang City, which was once prosperous, but also experienced darkness, violence, blood and conspiracy, and thrived several times.
Luoyang City is half the history of China.
Strolling through Luoyang City, looking back at those historical moments full of weather and clouds, there are sighs, shocks, meditations and admiration.
There are puzzling things in my heart, and most of them are cut at the moment.
Things are changeable, and history has its own wisdom and strength that we can learn from.
Take a walk in Luoyang City when you are free and taste the thousand-year history of the imperial city.