The beginning and end of a composition
First, the principles to be followed at the beginning of a composition:
1. The beginning must be closely related to the main content and central idea of the full text, in order to serve the prominent center.
2. simplicity. Language should be concise, and it is best to come straight to the point.
Common problems at the beginning:
1. Beating around the bush is far from the point. When I put pen to paper, I always beat around the bush. Some people compare it to a big-headed doll.
2. The same format is fixed. It's just a few words at the beginning.
3. The pursuit of tricks is self-defeating. It is well written, and the expression of thoughts and feelings is unclear, unclear and untrue.
Common composition starts:
1. Punctuation. Cut to the chase, don't beat around the bush, just point to the title of the article in the first sentence.
beginners had better use this method. For example, at the beginning of "Kingfisher", "Kingfisher likes to stop on a reed by the water." Another example is Edison.
2. metasomatism. Explain the "four elements" of time, place, people and events at the beginning. For example, at the beginning of Death, Comrade Wang Ruofei was unfortunately arrested (event) in Baotou (place) in late autumn of 1931.
3. Or describe the appearance of people, or describe the appearance of animals, or describe the appearance of buildings or describe the surrounding environment. Give a clear impression. For example, the beginning of Swallow: "A suit of black feathers, smooth and beautiful, a pair of handsome and light ..."
4. Ask questions at the beginning, or attract readers' attention, or stimulate readers' thinking, or make suspense fascinating. For example, the beginning of Underwater World: "Do you know what the depths of the sea are like?"
5. quote. Start or quote famous aphorisms to point out the center; Or quote the characters' language to highlight the characters' character; Or quote poems to arouse readers' singing; Or quote proverbs, explain things, and so on. For example, at the beginning of Guilin Landscape: "People say that Guilin landscape is the best in the world."
6. lyrical style. Speak your mind at the beginning, and be emotional. For example, "Farewell, China I Love" begins: "Farewell, China I love, China I love with all my heart!" Patriotism and affection came out at once.
7. always start. Always get the full text at the beginning. For example, the Great Friendship begins: "Marx and Engels are good friends. They * * * share the same research knowledge and * * * share the same ... "
8. Associative style. The beginning of the article is from far to near, or from one thing to another, starting from other things and then associating it with what to write, so as to set off what to write. Such as "Spring Silkworm", the beginning is associated with sericulture from spring, from sericulture to mother, and then recalls the scene of mother sericulture.
9. flashback. Start with the result of the matter, be fascinating, and then go back and describe the reason and process of the matter. For example, "Memories of Sixteen Years ago" begins: "April 18th, 1927, I will never forget that day. It was my father's disaster, and it has been sixteen years since now."
Second, the end of the composition
Common problems at the end:
1. gild the lily. Add something unimportant.
2. formulation. Empty call medium.
Common composition endings:
1. Natural style. The matter is over, and the article is over. For example, at the end of Sparrow: "I hurriedly called back my hunting dog and walked away with it."
2. anaphora. The ending or the topic, echoing the topic from afar; Or coordinate with the beginning and gather the full text. For example, The Summer Palace ends with: "The scenery in the Summer Palace is really beautiful!" With the beginning: "The Summer Palace in Beijing is a beautiful big park", it effectively highlights the center.
3. extension. End or expand association, from this to that, from the outside to the inside, deepen the theme; Or summarize and improve, so that the theme can be sublimated. For example, at the end of The Tall Gleditsia Tree: "Thinking, thinking, it seems that a seed is taking root and sprouting in my heart ..."
4. Lyric style. At the end, the author's feelings are directly expressed, so as to arouse the readers' * * * voices, get infected from them and get education. For example, at the end of Goodbye, dear ones, "Goodbye, dear ones, our hearts will always be with you".
5. evaluation formula. At the end, summarize and evaluate people or things, express the author's views and highlight the center of the article. For example, at the end of The Five Strong Men of Langya Mountain: "This is the strong and unyielding voice of the heroic people of China, which is earth-shattering and magnificent." 2. What should you pay attention to when writing a composition?
1. Highlight the theme and arrange the materials: no matter what you write, you must first make up your mind, what to express and what to explain. There are not many reasons, and the best thing for beginners to write is to hold a truth, don't be greedy. The material is arranged to highlight the theme.
2. Write through one thing: (1) Write what you really know, not what you don't know very well. (2) write around a topic, don't change it for a while. (3) If we can grasp the problem, we will not be stereotyped. We should carefully look at the problems, people, places and times, and read all the relevant things, and naturally we will write something different.
3. Change more and read more: the article must be revised. First, measure out unnecessary words and words, like a farmer weeding. Then modify the words carefully. Then process it and teach important sentences to be powerful and emotional. When revising, read your own articles more. The word "read" here means reading aloud. Read it to others, and read more other people's works.
4. Don't be afraid, don't panic: just write in vernacular. Think about it first, think about what you want to write and how to write it. Write an outline first and arrange what to say in the first paragraph and what to say in the second paragraph. With an outline, you have a bottom in your heart, and you can write it naturally; Make it easier first, and then it will be easier.
In addition, to write a good composition, we must be diligent in observing, accumulating, writing and practicing.
I hope it works for you.
PS:
When writing a composition, you should be clear. Before writing, you should list an outline. Look at this composition, you should write it in several paragraphs, and what is the content of each paragraph. After the paragraphs are well divided and clear, you should start writing one paragraph at a time according to the content of the outline. When writing each paragraph, you should consider the fluency of grammar and the elegance of words. Say what you want to say and add some appropriate words. Don't stray from the topic. This way, the machine-written article is completed. After completion, you can read the article several times to see where it needs to be changed, added or deleted. This way, the article will be more refined. The most important thing is to read more extracurricular books, cultivate a sense of language, accumulate composition materials, and emphasize that reading classic novels is also helpful for magazine readers to improve their composition level. You can also read some composition books to understand the structure of the composition. Of course, you should pay attention to innovation. Usually, 3. What do you need to pay attention to when writing a composition?
First of all, you should understand the genre of composition, including narrative, explanatory, practical and argumentative.
after reading the following materials, you can understand the writing, requirements and precautions of the composition.
At present, the most common narrative in composition has six elements: time, place, people, the cause and process of the event, and the result
Narrative
is a style with narrative and description as its main expressions and people, narrative, scenery and objects as its main contents. 1. Classification of narrative (1) From the content and expression: ① Simple narrative. ② Complex narrative. 2. From the different points of writing objects: ① Narrative mainly written by people. (2) Narrative-oriented narrative. (3) Narrative mainly about scenery writing. (4) Narrative mainly about things.
Explanatory text
A style that takes explanation as the main expression and is used to introduce or explain the state, nature, structure, function, production method, development process, causes, merits and demerits of things. Explanatory reading training
1. The classification of expository texts is divided into explanatory objects (contents): ① Descriptive texts of substantive things. (2) explanation. (3) scientific essays. From the language expression, it can be divided into: ① plain and explanatory writing. (2) literary expository. 2. The characteristics of the explanatory text: (1) The content is highly scientific. (2) The structure is clear and organized. (3) It has strict accuracy in language. 3. Description sequence: (1) time sequence (2) spatial order (3) logical sequence 4. Description method: give examples, list numbers, make analogy, make comparison, define, classify, explain, draw charts, imitate appearance and quote
Practical writing
Practical writing is a kind of practical writing that meets the actual needs of daily life, work and study. Modern practical writing
1. Types of practical writing: (1) Letters: general letters, special letters (thank you letter, commendation letter, condolence letter, letter of introduction, open letter, certification letter, application, proposal, invitation letter), telegrams and remittances. (2) Notes: diaries and reading notes. (3) Official documents: orders, decisions, announcements, notices, circulars, motions, reports, requests for instructions, replies, opinions, letters and minutes of meetings. (4) Publicity category: advertising draft, speech draft, blackboard newspaper, news, communication, product manual. (5) Notice category: revelation, poster. (6) Etiquette: invitations, greetings (congratulatory letters, congratulatory messages), telegrams and letters of condolence. (7) Deeds: receipts, IOUs, receipts, IOUs, leave notes, etc.), contracts (agreements) and conventions. (8) Biography: Biography, local chronicles, family history (school history, village history).
argumentative essay
argumentative essay is a common style that directly expresses the author's views and opinions through facts and reasoning. Argument argumentation
(1) Classification of argumentative essays: according to content and purpose: ① General argumentative essays. 2 comments. 3 essays (essays, essays, notes). 4 feelings after reading. According to the way of argumentation: ① Setting up a thesis. 2 refuting the paper. 4. Pay attention to those points when writing a composition. < P > Generally speaking, for students, what he wrote is a metropolis, so don't worry.
relax. Just write as you used to write a composition.
skills, I think these are very important. Pay attention to it.
Skill 1: Writing scores depend on handwriting, and the scoring factor is the first
Any form of composition test. When the marking teacher scores, at first glance, it is handwriting. Therefore, writing a composition must be done well. Remember, the composition test is about content, not calligraphy, so don't scribble.
Tip 2: Write five or six paragraphs in the exam composition, and look at the paper neatly.
In the exam composition, pay attention to timely segmentation, three or four paragraphs are less, and eight or nine paragraphs are more trivial. Unless there are special circumstances, it is better to have five or six paragraphs. In addition, the roll surface must be neat and tidy, and don't alter it in a mess. In my opinion, it is best not to exceed five lines in each paragraph of the exam composition, but five and a half lines at most. Don't do anything at all. Once the visual fatigue of the marking teacher affects his psychology, his score will be affected.
tip 3: color contrast is also the key, so it is recommended to use black as a pen.
it is recommended that students write their compositions with black gel pens that are neither shallow nor deep, and the strokes are neither thick nor thin. When such a composition is written, it will shine at the eyes visually, which may take advantage of the score. When writing a composition, it is recommended to occupy three-quarters of the bottom of the box or the bottom left, so that it looks beautiful.
tip 4: the beginning and the end should be concise, and it is best to start with two and a half lines.
Besides avoiding eight or nine lines of writing, "big-headed composition" is also not allowed. Candidates are advised to write a composition with two and a half lines at the beginning and three and a half lines at the end. There will be instant fatigue in vision, which will also affect the mood of the marking teacher.
Tip 5: Write a topic before you start writing. For beautiful topics, such as beautiful women
, the candidates usually write the topic themselves, and the topic should not be too long or too short. There are two ways to propose a topic. First, you can go to Baidu to search for a composition topic, and you can find similar skills told by the composition teacher. Second, parents or candidates of the candidates should go through the bound volumes of readers' and young people's abstracts in the last year, choose dozens of wonderful titles according to the subject matter, and memorize them, so that they may be able to use them in the exam.
Tip 6: Punch holes at the beginning and end of the composition to make it colorful and bright.
There are many ways to start an exam composition: six elements, inscription, suspense, quotation, parallelism, personification, rhetorical question, antithesis, metaphor and antithesis, combined rhetoric, clever allusions and problem solving. At least, when you see the composition, the first seven or eight methods mentioned above will flash in your mind.
the ending is also important. Generally speaking, the end is a summary of the full text. If it is a narrative, pay attention to lyricism. If it is argumentative, we should pay attention to induction. In any case, it's best to get the title right. How to deduct it? If you are really not sure, just say the topic in the first sentence of the last paragraph, and then summarize the full text.
Tip 7: Don't panic before you start writing. Make an outline when you think about the topic.
It's very important to make an outline in specific operation. For example, when writing a narrative, you should design the beginning and end, and at the same time divide your narrative into several levels. One level is a paragraph, and it is better if you can set a transition sentence or a transition paragraph in the middle. When outlining, be sure to write the beginning and the end in detail, and what wonderful words, famous sayings, poems and allusions are interspersed in the middle paragraphs, so as to be accurate. A qualified student, make an outline, about 5 to 8 minutes. To master the time, the outline should be concise.
tip 8: if you think about the theme and style, it is not advisable to write a composition, either narrative or argumentative. Generally speaking, it is mostly a "total-sub-total" structure. At the end of the narrative, we should pay attention to lyricism and summing up philosophy. It is best to have a "1-3-1" or "1-4-1" structure in the argumentative essay, and the middle 3 or 4 is to solve problems in layers. Of course, you can also use the method of narration and discussion flexibly. But be careful, don't say so many examples in the argumentative essay without summarizing the theme, and forget to say things in the narrative essay but talk too much. Therefore, to write an exam composition, you should think it over in advance.
tip 9: clone and "copy" properly, and prepare materials and save information before the exam
before the exam, candidates are advised to read a lot of model essays and accumulate some structure of the exam composition. You can summarize the outline and routine of writing, and recite three or five sentences respectively. For example, the year before last, there was the Olympic Games, last year was the 6th anniversary of the founding of New China, and the touching stories of the Wenchuan earthquake, etc., all of which can be used as subjects for the examination composition.
In addition, there are some nonstandard methods, such as touching stories of other families, which can be moved.