Sima Guang is the twenty-fourth lesson in the first volume of the third grade of Chinese textbook. Sima Guang's full text is 30 words. A short story in Sima Guang's History of Song Dynasty. The story is about the well-known Sima Guang's broken jar. But unlike the folk story of Sima Guang smashing a jar, this passage is in classical Chinese.
This is the first classical Chinese selected by the textbook. Prior to this, the first classical Chinese in the Chinese textbook of People's Education Edition was "The Son of Yang", which was arranged in the second volume of the fifth grade of primary school. In order to strengthen the education of traditional culture, the compilation of teaching materials not only increased the reading items of ancient poems, but also advanced the first lesson of classical Chinese enlightenment to the third grade.
How to leave a good first impression on children when they first come into contact with classical Chinese has a great influence on their attitude towards learning classical Chinese in the future. Therefore, I will clearly define the teaching goal of this course as: let children really feel that learning classical Chinese is a beautiful and pleasant experience.
Second, the teaching process:
(1) What is Sima Guang's surname?
Copy the text on the blackboard before class.
1. Write "Sima Guang" and his name on the left side of the blackboard. Tell the students: You should know two characters in this class. Who can tell me who these two characters are? (One is the teacher in the class, and the other is the person to know in the article. )
If Sima Guang were alive today, he would be 1000 years old. Today, we will see this number before 1000 years. (Sima Guang was born in 10 19) Let's compare the names of Sima Guang and the teachers.
Homeopathic guidance: Sima Guang's surname is Sima, with a wide name. It's a compound surname, a single name. The teacher has a single surname and a double name.
(2) Read it once and read it three times, but don't repeat it.
The first reading is smooth and correct.
1. Let the children preview the text before class and choose students to read it again.
Until the selected students can read the text fluently.
The class read the text aloud. The purpose is to let students read the text smoothly and accurately pronounce the words.
Second reading and reading rhythm.
1. Red chalk, with red diagonal lines, mark the broken sentences of each sentence in the text on the blackboard.
2. Q: What does the teacher mean by drawing such a red diagonal line? (pause)
Students also underline their books.
4. After the diagonal line is drawn, please read the text aloud again.
5. What's the difference between reading with diagonal lines and reading without diagonal lines?
(After diagonal lines are drawn, it reads more rhythmically and tastes better. )
Read it three times and read the taste.
1. The teacher read the text from beginning to end.
Ask the children to read the text again like the teacher, and read it beautifully. From listening to reading to reading aloud, from feeling to experience.
(C) understand the role of notes
1. Mark the six annotation symbols in the book one by one with red chalk on the blackboard. Q: Who marked these six symbols?
This is marked by the book editor. )
2. Follow-up: Why do textbook writers mark these annotation symbols?
This is the textbook editor's estimation. Our junior three children read this text, and some words may be difficult to understand, so he helped us to explain.
3. Read the text from beginning to end. When you meet each annotation symbol, read out the meaning of the next annotation aloud.
4。 Please close the book and see if the children really understand the words just written down.
Please read the text again carefully. See if there are any words besides the six words that the textbook editor has annotated for us. You don't quite understand their meaning. If you find a word in some sentences that you don't quite understand, please mark the symbol ⑧ ⑨ ⑩ next to these words like a textbook editor. Teachers and classmates can help you complete these comments and understandings in the future.
6. Students ask questions:
Preset-
What does the word "hug" mean that only holding a stone will break the urn? (the meaning of "picking up". )
Let the children write a note ⑦ "Pick it up" next to the book.
When you say "abandon", what do you mean by "all abandon"? (the meaning of "leaving". )
The teacher added: Go is leave. I drew an "abandoned" Oracle Bone Inscriptions on the blackboard, with a newborn baby with his head down. Below, there are a pair of hands. Telling children to "abandon" is to abandon their children. Everyone abandoned him, that is, everyone abandoned him and left him, whether he was alive or dead.
What does "Deng" mean? ("Climbing on the urn" means climbing on the urn. )
(4) Where is the word "Wen" in classical Chinese?
1. Draw a horizontal line after the topic "Sima Guang" and ask a question: What did this article say about Sima Guang?
The default student answer: Sima Guang saves lives.
Follow-up: How did Sima Guang save people? Students are advised to answer with the words in the text.
Health 1: Sima Guang broke the urn to save people.
Health 2: Sima Guang smashed an urn to save people.
Health 3: Sima Guang strikes Weng to save people.
2. The three different words "broken urn, smashed urn and struck urn" summarized the general idea of this classical Chinese. Which word is the best?
Summary: On the surface, breaking an urn, smashing an urn and bumping an urn have the same meaning, that is, breaking a water urn. But think about it. Strike is not only better than "smashing an urn", but also shows Sima Guang's wisdom. Breaking an urn is more elegant than breaking an urn. The text we read today, written in such elegant language, is called classical Chinese.
Write "classical Chinese" on the blackboard, and then "elegance".
Supplement: Now we often say that Sima Guang smashed the jar. I believe that in the Song Dynasty hundreds of years ago, we ancient people might say that Sima Guang verbally smashed cans. But when Sima Guang's story is written as an article, the ancients wrote "Sima Guang hits the urn", not "Sima Guang hits the urn". Because "bump urn" is an elegant written language. Classical Chinese is an article written in such elegant and elegant written language.
(5) Make a friend 1000 years ago.
1. If Sima Guang came to us through time and space 1000 years ago, would you like to make friends with him?
The teacher hopes that when you make friends with Sima Guang, you can briefly talk about your reasons for making friends. Your reason should be found in the original sentence of the text.
Default value:
Health 1: I want to make friends with Sima Guang, because he is resourceful. He knows how to pick up the bouldering urn around him and release water to save people.
Health 2: When my partner fell into the water tank and was dying, everyone else ran away in fear. Only Sima Guang stayed to save lives. He is very kind. I like to make friends with Sima Guang.
He added: When friends are in trouble, others choose to leave, and Sima Guang thinks of saving friends. I feel safe with such people. Such kind friends are trustworthy.
Introduction: Although the partner fell into the urn by himself. Sima Guang has no direct responsibility. If Sima Guang hits the urn, he may be liable for compensation. But Sima Guang didn't hesitate, didn't fear and didn't run away. Because Sima Guang knows that a friend's life is more important than this water tank.
Health 3: When we saw our friend fall into the water, everyone ran away. Sima Guang was not in a hurry. He picked up a stone and smashed it on the urn. It can be seen that Sima Guang is resourceful and courageous, and I would like to be friends with him.
The blackboard is kind, resourceful and fearless.
2. Summative guidance: people who make friends should have a vision. Because what kind of friends we make, what kind of people we may become. If we make such kind friends as Sima Guang, we will become kind people. If we make friends with plans like Sima Guang, we will become people with plans. If we make friends like Sima Guang, we will become resourceful and fearless people.
Please read the text aloud again. Reading such classical Chinese can make friends with Sima Guang 1000 years ago and communicate with the ancients 1000 years ago. Isn't this the meaning and value of reading classical Chinese?
I have a present for you.
1. This lesson is coming to an end. Please close the book and sit down: the teacher prepared a present for our classmates today.
The content of this calligraphy work is the full text of Sima Guang, a classical Chinese text. Write in regular script, write vertically in classical Chinese, without punctuation. In the past, our classical Chinese was written vertically, without punctuation.
I said: whoever can read the content of this work as smoothly as we just read the text rhythmically, this work will be given to whom.
Don't worry, children, the teacher has another gift.
Hang the second calligraphy work on the blackboard. The content is still the full text of Sima Guang's text in classical Chinese. But unlike the last block letters, this time I used lines to write calligraphy. Or vertical without punctuation.
This time, I asked a girl in front of me to read aloud.
3. Show the third work. Writing is cursive.
Whoever can read cursive fluently will get the third work.
Please recite the text collectively.
Take out five calligraphy works and tell the children that if you want to get the teacher's calligraphy works, students who don't get the teacher's calligraphy works in this class still have a chance. I will give these five calligraphy works to your Chinese teacher. If you can write the whole text silently in the next Chinese class, and the handwriting is particularly beautiful, your Chinese teacher will reward you with these five works.
(7) Conclusion:
1. Is it fun to read classical Chinese?
2. Is classical Chinese difficult to read?
Do you like reading classical Chinese?
Class is over, children. Goodbye!