Why use a pen to ask the great god for help?

According to legend, this brush was created by Meng Tian, a general of Qin Dynasty. Zhang Hua, a native of A Jin, recorded in his Natural History that "Meng Tian made pens". In Zhou Xingsi's thousand-character writings in the Southern Dynasties, there is also a saying that "pens are tied with paper", and Meng Tian is regarded as the ancestor of pen-making. In recent decades, with the new archaeological discoveries, the appearance of brush can be traced back to more than two thousand years ago. Although no writing brush has been seen in the Western Zhou Dynasty and above, some traces of writing with a pen can be found in prehistoric painted pottery patterns and Shang Oracle bones. During the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, the brush was widely used to write bamboo slips and silk books. The writing brush of the Spring and Autumn Period was found in the tomb of Zeng Houyi in Leigudun, Suizhou City, Hubei Province. It is the earliest pen found so far. Later, the Warring States pens unearthed in Zuojiagong Mountain, Changsha City, Hunan Province, the Qin pens unearthed in Shuihudi, Yunmeng County, Hubei Province, and Fangmatan, Tianshui City, Gansu Province, and the Han pens unearthed in Mawangdui, Fenghuang Mountain, jiangling county, Gansu Province, Wuwei, Xuanquanjia, Ma Quan Bay, and Guguyan, Inner Mongolia, all have rare and precious materials. According to 1975, judging from the three brush pens unearthed from Qin tomb in Yunmeng Sleeping Tiger Land, Hubei Province, the pens in Meng Tian era have been made very well. Meng Tian's words have never been seen in official history books. According to Records of the Historian, before he became a general, he had "tasted the script of the book prison". In the biography of Mao Ying written by Han Yu in the Tang Dynasty, there is such a record: General Meng shot a mountain rabbit and made a pen for Qin Shihuang. Therefore, the writing brush has another name "Guan" and "Zhongshujun". It can be inferred that General Meng is an expert in pen making and is famous for his technological innovation. Before the Western Zhou Dynasty, although there were no physical objects of writing brushes, we can find some signs of using pens from prehistoric painted pottery patterns and Shang Dynasty Oracle Bone Inscriptions. During the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, the brush was widely used to write bamboo slips and silk books. The writing brush of the Spring and Autumn Period was found in the tomb of Zeng Houyi in Leigudun, Suizhou City, Hubei Province. It is the earliest pen found so far. Later, the Warring States pens unearthed in Zuojiagong Mountain, Changsha City, Hunan Province, the Qin pens unearthed in Shuihudi, Yunmeng County, Hubei Province, and Fangmatan, Tianshui City, Gansu Province, as well as Mawangdui in Changsha, Fenghuang Mountain in jiangling county City, Gansu Province, Xuanquanjia in Dunhuang City, Maquanwan, the Han pens in the ancient rock area of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and the Western Jin pens in Wuwei are all precious materials left by ancient times. Pen classification pens are divided into three types according to the size of the pen: large, medium and small according to the size of the pen head. In addition to ordinary large, medium and small letters, the largest is Beijing Hawthorn Pen, Bucket Pen, Pen-lifting and Screen Equivalence, and the smallest is Gui Pen. The raw materials of brush are divided into wool brush, wolf brush, purple brush and double-sided brush. (1) Ranunculus. This pen is made of goat hair. Wool pen is soft in texture and absorbs a large amount of ink, which is suitable for writing with round and solid stippling. More durable than a wolf's brush. Most of these pens are lake pens, which are relatively cheap. Generally, there are big pens, Jingti (or pen lifting), Lianfeng, Feng Ping, Ding Feng, Gaifeng, flagpole, Jade Bamboo Shoots, Yulanrui and Jingzha. (2) Wolf brush. This pen is made of the hair on the tail of a weasel. The rat tail produced in Northeast China is the most common, and it is called "North Langhao" and "Guandong Liao Wei". Wolf hair is stronger than wool pen and suitable for writing and drawing, but it is not as durable as wool pen and more expensive. Common varieties are Zhu Lan, freehand brushwork, landscape, flowers, Ye Jin, costume patterns, red beans, small seiko, deer and wolf hair calligraphy and painting (made of wolf hair and deer hair), leopard and wolf hair (made of wolf hair and leopard hair), special long-peak wolf hair, super long-peak wolf hair and so on. The pen (3) is purple. The writing pen is made of rabbit hair, so it is named for its purple, black and bright colors. This pen is tall and straight, sharp and sharp, and it is more elastic than a wolf's hair. Anwei's rabbit hair is the best. (4) Double-sided brush. This pen is made of two kinds of animal hair with different hardness and softness. Common varieties are double-stranded brush, wolf sheep, double-stranded brush and purple sheep, such as five-purple five-sheep and seven-purple three-sheep. This pen has the advantages of both sheep and wolves, moderate rigidity and moderate price, and is commonly used by painters and painters. There are two types: harmonic type and quilt type. In addition, there are pens made of chicken feathers, mountain horses, moustaches and bristles. There are also white hair, green hair, yellow hair, sheep hair, horse hair, deer hair, musk hair, badger hair, raccoon hair, mink hair, moustache, rat tail, tiger hair, wolf tail, fox hair, otter hair, orangutan hair, goose hair, duck hair, chicken hair, pheasant hair, pig hair and so on. The length of bristles is divided into long front, center and short front. The texture of the pen container is divided into: bamboo, feather bamboo, spotted bamboo, brown bamboo, purple wood, chicken wing wood, sandalwood, nanmu, rosewood, fragrant wood, carved lacquer, blue lacquer, mother-of-pearl, ivory, rhinoceros horn, tortoise shell, jade, crystal, glass, gold and silver. The pen is based on the pen, as well as elegant name, pure and clean, round and smooth, right army calligraphy and so on. Most of these pens are of good quality and moderate size, with dozens. The nature of the pen: hard pen hair such as: bristle pen, purple pen, wolf pen, mouse pen. Soft brushes such as wool brushes and feather brushes. The neutral brushwork is as follows: double brush, such as three purple seven wool, five purple five wool and seven purple three sheep hair. The main points of using a brush are as follows: write big characters with wool, write small characters with purple hair and wolf hair, and double brushes (it would be better if you could write small characters with wool). Write official script with wool. Write Oracle Bone Inscriptions with bristles, and write official script with wool. Pen-Xu Anbi Xu Anbi Xu Anbi is one of Four Treasures of the Study in Jingxian County, Anhui Province. According to Han Yu's Biography of Mao Ying, in 23 BC, when Meng Tian, the general of Qin Dynasty, passed through Zhongshan (a mountainous area in Jingxian County, Anhui Province) in the south, he found that the rabbit was fat and long, so he took bamboo as the tube and made an improved brush on the basis of the original bamboo pen. In the Tang Dynasty, Jingxian County in Anhui Province became the national pen-making center, hence the name Xu Anbi, which was later listed as a tribute and a royal writing brush. Since then, famous pen-making artists have come forth in large numbers, and Xu Anbi has become one of Four Treasures of the Study. In recent years, Xu Anbi's manufacturing industry has carried forward traditional crafts, consulted famous painters and painters in many ways, and inherited and innovated. Now there are more than 300 varieties in Xu Anbi, with strict material selection, exquisite craftsmanship and continuous improvement. The "crane neck", "ancient fetal hair", "lotus pen" and "northern tail hair" designed by famous designers all meet the four requirements of being sharp, round, even and healthy. Not only sold well in domestic provinces and cities, but also exported to Japan, Southeast Asia, Europe and America. Pen holder Pen holder Pen holder Pen holder is produced in Shanlian Town, Xing Wu County, Zhejiang Province. Lake brush is exquisite in material selection, fine in technology and wide in variety, ranging from coarse bowls to fine embroidered needles, with four characteristics: sharp, neat, round and healthy. Tip: refers to the conical tip; Qi: after the nib is flattened, it is as neat as a knife; Round: the pen is round and full; Jane: The pen holder is upright and elastic. Tiger skin can be divided into four categories: Yang Hao, Langhao, Shuangshua and Zihao. According to the size specifications, it can be divided into four types: block letters, inch letters, middle letters and small letters. Tiger wall, also known as "tiger shadow". Ying refers to the neat and transparent part of the pen tip, which is called "black spot" by pen makers, which is the biggest feature of the lake pen. After this pen is dipped in black, its nib is still sharp. When it is scattered, the hair inside and outside is neat and not short. On average, goats in this area only produce three or two hairs, and the ones that are young are only six yuan. In a lake pen, each nib has sharp-edged hairs, which are selected from countless hairs with thickness, length, hardness, straightness and roundness, and have the advantages of pointy, fine, pure and durable. Wool pen Wool pen: Made of white mountain wool. The varieties and specifications of goat hair are strictly classified. It should be carefully selected and matched according to the grade, thickness, softness and length of wool in different parts of the sheep. Nowadays, many people call a pen with longer hair a long front pen. In fact, a pen with long hair is a long front pen (also called a deep front pen). A pen with a long nib can only be called a long brush or a long brush. The price difference of Baishan wool is very big, and the real long-front and deep-front wool pens are not cheap. Supplementary content: wool is made of beard or tail hair of green sheep or antelope. Textual research began before the Northern and Southern Dynasties. By the Qin Dynasty, Meng Tian's improved new pen had become a pen-making material. Calligraphy is the most important thing, sheep are soft and have no front, and books are "weak and boneless", which are rarely used by calligraphers in past dynasties. Sheep hair became popular only after the Southern Song Dynasty. But it was widely used after the early Qing Dynasty. Because the Qing Dynasty paid attention to roundness and delicacy and was not allowed to show off talents, only soft wool could meet the requirements and was widely used at that time. The softness of wool is also poor. If it is properly combined with paper and ink, it can also show a plump and gentle style, and it is cheap and easy to get. Wool is so long that it can be written in large letters more than half a foot. Pen Wolf Brush Wolf Brush is made of weasel tail hair according to strict requirements. The surface of stellera chamaejasme pen is bright yellow or reddish and shiny. If you look closely, every hair is quite strong and straight. The waist is thick and the roots are slightly thin. Wet the nib and knead it into a flat shape, and you can see that its hair is bright and light yellow. Wolf tail hair is up to 6 cm (including pen bucket 1 cm), which is produced in the northeast and is particularly expensive. The length of the common stellera chamaejasme pen is 4-5cm. Most of the common wolfsbane pens on the market are made of yellow horse hair or ox hair, and some fake wolfsbane pens are made of dyed yellow goat hair, with a yellowish brown or reddish brown surface and slightly light or grayish white roots. The price of fake wolf hair is less than 10% of the price of real wolf hair, and it is almost impossible to use. Pen-Zihao Pen Zihao Pen uses a small part of black needle tip hair on the back of mountain rabbits as the main raw material. Violet has a shiny surface, sharp front glume, dry and straight hair, and it is wet and flattened. It can be seen that the front glume is slender, dark brown and transparent. Generally speaking, the length of Zihao pen is less than 4 cm, and it can only be used as a small pen. In addition to black needle hair, mountain rabbits also have side tips (also called flower tips). The quality of this kind of side pointed hair is not as good as that of black pointed hair, and the price is not as good as that of purple pen. Except the authentic Hu Pen, most of the other producing areas are dyed black wool or black wool, and its quality and cost are incomparable with the authentic Zihao Pen. Supplementary content: the purple brush is made of the hair on the back of the rabbit's neck, so it is named after its black purple. The strength of rabbits in the north and south is also different, and some are made in the north and south. The tenacity of rabbits is called health brush, which is better than that of the north. It is long and sharp, suitable for writing straight Fang Zhengzhi characters, and is valued by calligraphers. Bai Juyi's "Purple Pen Yuefu Poetry" says: "Purple pen is like a cone and sharp as a knife." Describe the characteristics of Zihao pen very completely. However, because only the hair on the back of the rabbit's neck is available, it is expensive and heroic, so you can't write big characters on the plaque. There are "four virtues" in pen selection, namely "sharp, neat, round and healthy", which are introduced one by one below: sharp: when the pens are together, the two ends should be sharp. The pen tip is easy to write and express. Writers often refer to their pens as "bald pens", but if they are not sharp, they will become bald pens and lose the brilliance of writing. When buying a new pen, the hair is glued and polymerized, which is easy to distinguish. When checking the old pen, first wet the pen and gather the hair, then you can distinguish the sharp baldness. Qi: refers to the pen tip after it is flattened with water. If the brush is neat, the length of the brush is equal at ordinary times, and there is no gap, then it is "ten thousand Li Qi" when writing. Because the pen needs to be completely wetted, it is difficult to check this when buying. Round: it means that the pen is as perfect as a jujube pit, which means that the hair is sufficient. If you have more hair, you will have enough pen power to write, otherwise you will lose weight and lack pen power. The pen is perfect. The pen can turn. When shopping, there is glue in your hair. Is it perfect? Just take a closer look. Health: the elasticity of the pen waist; Press hard, lift the pen, and then return to its original state. If the pen is flexible, it can be used freely; Generally speaking, rabbit hair and wolf hair are more elastic than wool, and books are strong and firm. In this regard, press the pen after wetting, and the front is straight and healthy. Four virtues refer to the function of the pen itself, and we should also consider the copybook when choosing the pen. The same is true of the so-called "write his own words with a pen that someone has used". The best way to judge what kind of pen to use is to look at his handwriting directly: if the style is strong, choose Hao Jian; If you are charming and plump, choose soft; Hard and soft, and then choose double brush. The characteristics of the pen also affect the written calligraphy, thus achieving the wonderful scenery of calligraphy. Another point is the size of the font. Write big words in capital letters and small words in lowercase letters. Small pen writing big characters is vulnerable to attack, so it can't be self-sufficient, and it's useless to write small characters with large pen. How to maintain a pen After you have a good pen, it is also important to maintain it. To start a new pen, you must start writing. Soak the bought pen in "warm water", and the soaking time should not be too long until the nib is "completely open". Don't melt the glue at the root of the pen, otherwise it will become a "brush" and your hair will fall off easily. Violets are hard and need to be soaked in water for a while. Moistening is a necessary job before writing, and you can't write as soon as you touch the ink. The method is to soak the brush with clear water first, and then lift it. Don't soak it for a long time to avoid gel at the root of the brush. After that, it takes about ten minutes to hang the pen upside down until the nib recovers its toughness. Pens must be dry when stored. If the pen is not polished, the hair will become brittle and brittle after pressing again, and the elasticity will be poor. After that, you can start writing, and this "ink entry" is also a big problem. In order to make the ink penetrate into the writing brush evenly, the clear water must be sucked dry first, and the pen can be lightly dragged on the absorbent paper until it is dry. The so-called "dry" is not completely dry, as long as the water is removed to accommodate the ink. "A pen with three points of ink cannot be deeply immersed in it until it is weak." Less ink is too dry to run freely, and more ink is weak and bad. You need to wash your pen immediately after writing. Ink has colloid. If it is not washed off, the ink and colloid will stick together firmly after the pen is dried, so it is not easy to melt when it is reused, and it is easy to break the pen. After washing, drain the remaining water of the pen and straighten it (before entering the ink). Then hang the pen on the pen holder and let the remaining water continue to drip until it is dry. It should be placed in a cool place and dried in the shade to keep the original shape and characteristics of the pen, and should not be exposed to the sun. The key to keeping pens is drying.