The monarch of Yue State in the late Spring and Autumn Period. Betty Wong Yunchang's son. He ruled from 496 BC to 465 BC. In 496 BC, He Lv, the king of Wu, was defeated by the Vietnamese army. He Lu was injured and died, and his son Fu Cha was determined to take revenge. Gou Jian took the initiative to attack Wu the following year. In Fujiaoshan (now southwest of Wuxian County, Jiangsu Province), there was a fierce battle with Wu Bing, and the Vietnamese army was defeated. In order to save his strength, Gou Jian retreated to Huiji Mountain (now south of Shaoxing, Zhejiang) and used his tactics to make peace with Wu. After Gou Jian returned to China, he tasted all his courage and never forgot the shame of martial arts. He appointed Fan Li, Wen Zhong and others to reform the internal affairs and recuperate. Later, Gou Jian took advantage of Fu Cha's hegemony in the north and the emptiness of the country, invaded the State of Wu and killed the King of Wu in one fell swoop. Focha had to make peace after returning to China. Gou Jian constantly mobilized troops to attack Wu. In the twenty-fourth year of Gou Jian, Wu was besieged for three years, the city was broken, and Fu Cha committed suicide. Wu Wu died. Subsequently, Gou Jian sailed northward, and Song, Zheng, Lu and Wei joined the army in succession, and moved the capital to Langya (now Jiaonan, Shandong Province), where he joined forces with the governors of the Qi and Jin Dynasties and was officially recognized as the overlord by Zhou Yuanwang.
General process and timetable:
-In the first year of Gou Jian (496 BC), He Lv, the king of Wu, attacked Yue, and Gou Jian, the king of Yue, suffered a crushing defeat. He Lv died of a foot injury and Fu Cha succeeded to the throne.
-King Gou Jian of Yue defeated Wu in the spring of the third year (494 BC). Fu Cha of Yue was defeated by Fu Cha, and Gou Jian of Yue was trapped in Huiji Mountain. Wen Zi, a doctor from the state of Yue, made peace with Wu Taizai, but Fu Cha, the king of Wu, refused to listen to Wu Zixu's suggestion and agreed.
Under his command, Gou Jian went to Wu in 492 BC and became a slave of Fu Cha. He was detained in Shicheng and bowed down there. Three years later, Fu Cha was moved by compassion and prepared to release Gou Jian back to Yue. Wu Zixu, the minister, resolutely opposed it, saying that letting Gou Jian go back was tantamount to letting the tiger return to the mountain, but the prince did not listen and put Fu Cha back.
After returning home, he entrusted Fan Li to build the city as the capital, sleeping on the woodpile every night, hanging a gallbladder at home, licking it every day, not listening to music, not approaching women, and not forgetting revenge. He continued to curry favor with the king of Wu, constantly giving gifts, giving him beautiful women such as stones and a lot of wood, so as to weaken the national strength of Wu, so that all these wood were piled up in the river at the foot of Lingyan Mountain, so this place is still called Mudu. Rest at home, make it rich, encourage the increase of population, and strengthen national strength, and plan to attack Wu with his ministers.
-In 484 BC, Wu Wangbei attacked Qi. Gou Jian, King of Yue, was very happy when he heard about it. He bribed Taizai with precious treasures and encouraged Wu to attack Qi. Wu Zixu said that the State of Yue wanted to destroy the State of Wu, so he remonstrated with the King of Wu, giving up attacking Qi and attacking the State of Yue.
-In 473 BC, the King of Yue attacked the State of Wu and surrounded it. The king of Wu wrote a letter and shot an arrow at Wen Zi and Fan Li: "I heard that a cunning rabbit dies and a good dog cooks;" When the enemy country is destroyed, the counselor dies. Today, Wu is ill. What is the doctor worried about? " That is, birds are exhausted, good bows hide, cunning rabbits die, and running dogs cook.
After the destruction of Wu, the king of Yue saw that he could suffer, but he could not enjoy happiness, so he advised him to leave. So he took a boat and swam to the state of Qi, renamed it, and made a fortune by doing business. Wen Zi refused to listen and was killed by the King of Yue.
Jujian
(about 520-465 BC), a descendant of Dayu. Yu's Miao and Xia Shaokang's illegitimate children were sealed in Huiji to commemorate Yu's sacrifice. After more than twenty lifetimes, as for the permission. Sentence Jian allows Chang Zi also. In the 23rd year of Zhou Dynasty (497 BC), Yun Chang died and succeeded to the throne of Yue Wang. Ming Zhi, Gou Jian and Yu Qian are simultaneous. (1965, the sword of Gou Jian, the king of Yue, was unearthed from the Chu tomb at No.1 Wangshan, Jiangling, Hubei Province, with the inscription:' The king of Yue is shallow and self-sufficient. )
In the 23rd year of the Zhou Dynasty (497 BC), the sentence "Gou" ascended the throne. At this time, Chu joined forces to control Wu, and the wuyue conflict began, but the strength of Yue was still very weak. In the first year of Ju Jian (496 BC), He Lv, the king of Wu, attacked Yue. Wu Li (between Jiaxing and Tongxiang, Zhejiang Province, south of Jiaxing County) was ambushed by Zhu Jian's army, "making the deceased challenge Zhen Wu in three ways and commit suicide", which made the lawless elements in the army frighten Wu Jun, take chances, defeat Wu Jun in one fell swoop and shoot the prince. He Lv, the king of Wu, was injured and died (see the Battle of Toli), which led to the intensification of conflicts in wuyue.
He Lv, the King of Wu, warned his son Fu Cha before he died: "Don't forget to cross over". After his appointment, Fu Cha-cha worked diligently day and night according to his teachings, aiming at repaying the Vietnamese. In 494 BC, in the 26th year of the week (the first year), Gou Jian heard that Fu Cha, the king of Wu, was training day and night to attack Yue. He planned to attack Wu first and advocated "not sending Wu to attack it first" Fan Li protested: "No way. I heard the soldier's weapon, the soldier betrayed morality, and the dispute was the end of the matter. Plot against morality, use a murder weapon, and try to be at the end. Heaven forbids it, and the walker is not good. " (Historical Records of the King of Yue Goujian's Family), Goujian did not listen, did not listen to the doctor's dissuasion, and sent troops to attack Wu. Fu Cha, the king of Wu, heard of it, and led his elite troops to defeat Yue. The two armies fought at Fujiao (now Jiao Shan, Wuxian County, Jiangsu Province). He was finally defeated by Fu Jiao (now Dongting Mountain in the middle and west of Taihu Lake, now north of Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province), and Jian Jian led 5,000 disabled soldiers to retreat to Huiji Mountain (now southeast of Shaoxing). Focha went after him and surrounded him. Gou Jian regretted it very much and said to Fan Li, "What's the point of not listening?" ("Historical Records of the King of Yue Goujian's Family") At the critical moment, the grievance was perfect, and the retreat was advanced, and the humble words were made with courtesy, and Wu was sent to make peace.
At first, Fu Cha refused to accept Wu Zixu's suggestion. Sentenced to the sword, "If you want to kill your wife, you will burn a treasure and die in contact with war." Wen Zi remonstrated, put forward the policy of "paying tribute to Wu Taizai with Meibao", and invited Fu Cha to pay tribute. Finally, Fu Cha agreed to forgive Yue and went home with the army. Fu Cha did not listen to Prime Minister Wu Zixu's suggestion that he resolutely destroy Vietnam, and agreed to Gou Jian's request, but asked Gou Jian and his wife to work for him in the State of Wu. Gou Jian entrusted domestic affairs to Wen Zhong and other ministers, and took his wife and son to see Wu. Ministers saw that the monarch was willing to be humiliated in order to avenge his country and defend his country, and they all cried and assured him that they would manage the country well, and the people all cried and saw him off.
In May of the fifth year of his imprisonment (492 BC), he led his wife and minister Fan to Wufeng Fucha as a pledge and arrived in Wudu. Focha deliberately humiliated him and imprisoned him in a stone room. He was asked to live in a small stone house in front of a closed grave and feed the horses. Sometimes he rode out and deliberately let him lead the horse in front of China people. Gou Jian endured humiliation, called himself a humble minister, and was extremely respectful to the prince of Wu. He ate coarse grains, slept in stables and served hard labor. The lady's clothes are out, and Shi Zuoguan is in chains. "Be careful to serve Focha, be obedient, raise horses, let the lady supply water, remove dung and sweep the floor. Three years without anger and hatred. Better than the servant of Fucha. When Fu Cha was ill, Gou Jian went to greet him. Also open the toilet lid to observe the stool just pulled by Fucha and understand Fucha's condition. " Ask the sick and taste the dung "won the prince Fu Cha's favor. In the past three years, due to Gou Jian's conscientious service and Aibo's acceptance of gifts from Wen Zi from time to time, he put in a good word for Gou Jian in front of Fu Cha, which made Fu Cha think that Gou Jian really surrendered and decided to let Gou Jian and Fan Li return to China.
After Gou Jian returned to Vietnam in the seventh year (the first 490 years), in order to motivate himself not to forget revenge, he used firewood instead of a mattress to sleep. There is a gallbladder hanging in the room. Try it before every meal. This is the origin of the allusion of "paid service". He and his wife have been living a poor life, eating without fish and wearing unadorned clothes. I often work in the fields with ordinary people, and my wife raises silkworms and weaves by herself.
Vietnam has suffered from war wounds, barren fields, declining population and great damage to production. In order to make the country rich and strong, Gou Jian adopted the policy of "ten years of cohabitation and ten years of study" proposed by Fan Li and Wen Zi. Fan Li should be responsible for training soldiers, managing state affairs and carrying out the policy of letting the people recuperate. The state rewards agriculture, sericulture and textiles. In particular, encourage fertility and increase the number of people. It is stipulated that male 20 and female 17 must get married, otherwise their parents will be punished; Older people are not allowed to marry younger girls; Women should report to the official before giving birth, and the state will send medical officers to check and take care of them; Boys 1 pot of wine, dogs 1, girls 1 pot of wine, pigs1; If a family has two sons, the state is responsible for raising one; if there are three sons, the state is responsible for raising two.
Since then, I have tried my best to enrich the people and rejuvenate the country. Cultivate one's morality and have fun with the people; Self-interest is minimal, not extravagant, not extravagant; Self-cultivation of virtue and external cultivation of morality; Enrich the national treasury and cultivate the fields; Probation and light punishment to save their collection; Reward childbirth and train soldiers. Fan Li, the country of Guo Xiang, suggested choosing the land of Xida to build a city and build an outline to dominate the business. Build small towns first, then big cities. So the people were rich and the society was stable, and scholars wanted to repay Wu's shame. With the deep meaning of destroying Wu, he worked hard to develop his own strength through "ten years of reunion and ten years of lessons" with the help of Harmony.
While the country was recovering rapidly, Gou Jian took various measures to paralyze Wu, respectfully served Wu, and entertained Fu Cha with beautiful women, skillful performers, and skillful craftsmen, thus eliminating his vigilance against Vietnam. In order to cater to Fu Cha's ambition of hegemony, he led Wu Bei into the Central Plains, wasting national strength and military power. Cause internal friction of Wu. Gou Jian paid tribute to Wu on time year after year, which made Fu Cha always believe that he was sincerely obedient. Continue to bribe Wu Taizai Bolai. Send spies to spy on Wu, spread rumors to alienate the relationship between the monarch and the minister, and make Fu examine and kill Zhongliang. Gou Jian borrowed grain from Fu Cha from time to time on the grounds of the disaster in Vietnam, which reduced the grain storage of the State of Wu, while the State of Yue had sufficient reserves. Knowing that Fu Cha was going to build Gusutai, Gou Jian sent someone to transport extra-large timber, saying it was "Shenmu". Fu Cha was very happy and expanded the design of Gusutai, which made Wu more expensive. Gou Jian also used a honey trap to send beautiful women to Gusutai in Fucha. One of them is a girl named, who is not only beautiful, but also very talented. He was selected and trained by Fan Li in Luoyushan. I loved her so much that she obeyed.
Wu Zixu had already noticed that Gou Jian's actions were intended to retaliate, and he remonstrated many times. Not only was it not accepted by Forcha, but it aroused Forcha's disgust and suspicion. In 485 BC, Fu Cha went north to cut Qi for hegemony, but Wu Zixu disagreed, pointing out that Yue was the threat. Fu Cha didn't listen, continue to cut qi. He defeated the Qi army in the battle of Aileen and returned home in triumph. Focha is very proud. Soon, he listened to Abreu's slanderers and gave Wu Zixu a sword to commit suicide. Before he died, Wu Zixu said, "I want to take my eyes, cover Wudongmen and watch the Vietnamese soldiers enter!" After Wu Zixu's death, the King of Wu handed over power to Eber. When Gou Jian learned that Wu Zixu was dead, he planned to attack Wu, but he thought that the time had not come and he had to wait.
In the thirty-eighth year of the Spring and Zhou Dynasties in 482 BC (the fifteenth year of the criminal construction), Fu Cha, the prince of Wu, led the elite troops of the whole country to the north and joined forces with the princes of Huang Chi League, leaving only Wang You and the old and weak soldiers guarding the country. Gou Jian, the King of Yue, wanted to take advantage of the emptiness of the State of Wu to send troops to attack it. Fan Li believes that the time has not yet come. He analyzed and said: "The prince of Wu led the elite soldiers to the North Alliance, and the country was empty, and the prince stayed behind. When Wu Dajun was not far from Shu, Wen Yue took advantage of the situation to kill him. So he advised Gou Jian to postpone sending troops. A few months later, it was estimated that Wu Jun had reached Huangchi, so he urged Gou Jian to send troops to attack Wu. Gou Jian led 50,000 troops (40,000 gentlemen, 6,000 men) to attack Wu, and ordered a division to intercept Fu Cha's return journey along the coast. He led the main force northward by land, annihilated Wu Shoujun and attacked Wudu. Wu Jun was defeated, the prince's friend was killed, and his aunt was burned to death. At this time, Fu Cha defeated Qi and formed an alliance with Jin, Wei, Lu and other countries in Huangchi (now west of fengqiu county, Henan) to become the overlord. When he received the news, he was so depressed that he had to send Ai Bo to make peace with Vietnam (see the Battle of Gusu). Gou Jianhe thought that Wu still had strength, which could not be destroyed for a while, so he promised to make peace and retreat to China.
Forty-two years ago, in the week of 478 (sentenced to 19 years), taking advantage of the famine and drought in the state of Wu, the granary was empty and the people were hungry and cold, so taking advantage of the opportunity to eat on the coast of the East China Sea, he once again suggested that Gou Jian attack the state of Wu. In the battle against Dabanze, the Vietnamese army broke through Wu Jun's defensive works by feinting the two wings, breaking through the central government and continuously attacking, and seized a large area of Wu's land (see the Battle of Dabanze), and defeated Wu Jun in Dabanze (now the south of Suzhou), which fundamentally changed the balance of power between wuyue.
In twenty-one years, the great sword attacked Wu again. From the first year of Zhou Yuanwang (475 BC), Wu Duwu (now Suzhou, Jiangsu) was besieged for three years. Fu Cha, the prince of Wu, was besieged by the Vietnamese army for a long time. So he sent Wang Sunluo to make peace with Gou Jian. Gou Jian couldn't bear it any longer and was about to say yes. Fan Li stepped forward and said, "Your Majesty, you have endured humiliation for more than twenty years. For what? Can you abandon your previous job now? " Turning his head to rebuke Wang Sunluo, he said, "In the past, God gave Yue to the State of Wu, but you didn't accept it; Today is a gift from God to Wu Ciyue, and we dare not disobey your request. " Wang Sunluo also begged, and Fan Li resolutely beat the drums to invade. Fu Cha, the prince of Wu, saw that the tide was running out and committed suicide without making peace. When he died, he said, "I have no face to see my son!" " Gou Jian buried the king of Wu and slaughtered Ai Bo. Finally, in the twenty-fourth year of the sentence construction (473 BC), Wu Xuezhi was wiped out in one fell swoop.
Later, he led his troops north to Huai River, and in Xuzhou (now south of tengxian, Shandong Province), he joined Qi Jin and other Central Plains governors to pay tribute to Zhou Yuanwang. Zhou Yuanwang ordered his envoys to give him a piece of meat and named Gou Jian "Hou Bo" and Jin Bo. Since then, the Vietnamese army has overrun the Jianghuai area, and governors have come to congratulate him, and Gou Jian's hegemony has been completed. So he moved the capital to Langya and dominated the Central Plains. As one of the overlords in the Spring and Autumn Period.
After Gou Jian's death, Zijun stood firm.