1? Luma is Liu Bei's mount. Once Liu Bei was killed, Luma, who was riding, escaped and fell into the Tanxi River in a critical moment. Liu Bei said anxiously to Luma, "Dear Lu, you must help me today!" So, Lu jumped three zhangs and took Liu Bei out of danger.
2? The Six Horses in Zhaoling were the six horses of Emperor Taizong Li Shimin who fought in the south and fought in the north to unify the whole country. They are: Tele Si, Qingsui, Shivachi, Salouzi, Quanmao and Baitouwu. To commemorate them, Li Shimin carved their images on the stone screen of his mausoleum. According to legend, the graphics of the Six Horses were written by Yan Liben, a famous painter in the Tang Dynasty. The craftsmen carved these images vividly and even deified them in people's minds. According to legend, during the Anshi Rebellion, in the battle of Tongguan, sand and stones suddenly flew, yellow flags fluttered, and hundreds of cavalry troops were killed, causing the rebels to flee hastily. After the death, the cavalry suddenly disappeared. Later, according to the officials guarding Zhaoling, on the day of the battle in Tongguan, the stone man and horse in Zhaoling were sweating.
3? Bai Longma, the mount of Tang Priest in The Journey to the West. Originally the son of the Dragon King of the West Sea, he committed a capital crime, and was later turned into a white horse by Guanyin, and went to the Western Heaven to learn Buddhist scriptures with Tang Priest and his disciples.
4? A bloody horse, a legendary good horse. It is produced in Dawan, and the sweat flows from the shoulders, showing blood color, and it can run thousands of miles in one day.
Red Rabbit Horse, Black Zhui Horse
Fang Bing Cao Huma
Huma is well-known and has a thin front and bones.
bamboo shoots have stiff ears and light hooves.
there's no emptiness in what you want, which is really worthy of death and life.
If Xiao Teng is so, Wan Li can run amok.
Du Fu had great ambitions and aspirations all his life. He was a scholar and scolded Fang Qiu. This poem expresses the aspiration of Fang Bing Cao Huma, a friend, and fully embodies Du Fu's vigorous and enterprising spirit and heroic poetic style. This poem is not a blunt expression of ambition in general object-chanting poems, but shows the poet's feelings and aspirations in singing horses. Du Fu's description of horses can be said to be similar in form and spirit. The first sentence points out that the origin is extraordinary (Dawan produces a good horse), and then it is portrayed upside down, with the "front edge" in front, giving people the first impression that this Hu Ma bone is solemn and clear; Then the poet, especially Bole, who is very good at looking at horses, looked at his ears one after another after watching the bones, and his sharp ears set off the horse's strength (incidentally: are most of the ponies in the stock market now "skinny"? ), re-describe the horse's skill and skill, a word "into", full of charm, profiling horse fast, is writing about the flying feeling that the horse's feet and feet hardly touch the ground when galloping; After singing about horses, he turned to expressing his ambition and the last two couplets of poems. By writing about Huma's character, he expressed his expectations for his friends, and even expressed the poet's ambition to make progress and make contributions. Du Shisheng praised this BMW foal for being able to wear wide and steep obstacles, even enough to entrust his life! At the end of the league, it is not only a talk about horses but also a talk about people. It encourages friends Fang Bing Cao to join the army as a soldier Cao, and he should be ambitious and heroic in Wan Li! Although this is to inspire friends, it also reflects the poet's own grand mind! !
Excerpts from famous sentences in the poem
There is a rustling sound in A?vagho?a.
The Book of Songs Xiaoya Chegong
Ride a horse to gallop, and come to my road first.
Humayu follows the north wind and crosses the south branch of the Bird's Nest.
Nineteen Ancient Poems by Han Anonymous
The old man is riding a horse, aiming at a thousand miles. The martyrs are full of courage in their twilight years.
The Three Kingdoms Wei Cao Cao's "Walking Out of Xiamen, Although the Turtle is Longevity"
White horse decorated with gold, while dancing with Deng in the northwest.
Three Kingdoms Wei Cao Zhi's White Horse
stumbled and became angry, shaking his head and hissing.
The Poem on Horses by Liang Xiaogang in the Southern Dynasties
When the wind was stirring, Xiao Xiao was annoyed with horses.
sui Yu shiji's poem
grass withers like an eagle's eye disease, and snow is as light as a horseshoe.
Tang Wang Wei's poem "Watching Hunting"
Bamboo criticism has both ears, and the wind enters the hooves lightly.
Tang Du Fu's poem "Fang Bing Cao Huma"
Spring breeze is full of horseshoe disease, and Chang 'an flowers are seen in one day.
Tang Meng Jiao's poem
Ma Sibian's grass and fists are moving, and his eyes are wide open when he carves the Qingyun.
Tang Liu Yuxi's poem "The First Smell of Autumn Wind"
On the ancient road of Chang 'an, the horses are late, and the high willows wander in disorder.
Song Liuyong's "Youth Tour" words
Lying in the dead of night listening to the wind and rain, Tiema Glacier dreams.
Song Luyou's poem
The wind and rain blow hard on May 4th. The old vine is a faint crow, the small bridge is flowing with water, and the old road is a thin horse.
Yuan Ma Zhiyuan's "Tianjingsha Qiu Si" song
Horseshoe treads in the water, and the drunken sleeves fall in the wind.
Yuan Liuyin's poem "Mountain Home"
Sunset in Ma Si, the west wind and white grass are new.
Ming Wang Yue's poem "Drinking with Li Buzheng Yanshuo, Feng Shuxian, Jingyang"
Four mountain flags are like sunny clouds, and ten thousand horseshoes are like showers.
Qing Xu's poem The Great Hunting
Shenyang Park couplet
White horses are silent and empty for hundreds of years
Qingsong bears hatred, and once recorded the rise and fall of the Six Dynasties
Wuxi Liyuan Xiangyu Temple couplet
There are immortals here, Penglai, Yingzhou and abbot
I don't know that there are Han, beauty and abbot. Still willow tower
Binyang Cave couplet in Longmen Grottoes, Luoyang
(Chen Tuan's calligraphy was collected by people in the late Ming Dynasty)
Tian 'an horse was opened
Qiyi people were dragons
Hanzhong drinking horse pool couplet
When dragons were dragons, it was raining
Drinking horses often thought about Chi Di wind
Hangzhou Tomb of Yuqian joined Yang He in
and suffered from Qiantang for generations, and was a lonely minister of Chu. The turmoil between the two places
Hangzhou Yuewang Temple and Wang Quchang
Why did the iron horse Jin Ge, but only won the partial security situation
So far, I still see a piece of Dan Xin
response couplet (1)
(the first couplet was made by Niu Yuanzhang, The second part of Zhu Di's couplet)
Wind blows a thousand lines of ponytails
Rizhao Long Lin Wandianjin
Response couplet (2)
(When Tao Shu was young, he herded cattle and returned to the owner of the opposite school)
The boy brought the cows to the house
The champion rode his horse back to his hometown
1. The wild horse (Yao Dajun) who survived the catastrophe < p Mongolian wild horses have a narrow distribution range, and can only be seen near Tianshan Mountain in Xinjiang, northern Bayannur League in Inner Mongolia and southwestern Mongolia.
In p>1876, after the last European wild horse died in Yuan Ye, Ukraine, people thought that wild horses in the world had disappeared, which was very regrettable. Later, Russian explorer Purzhwakowski discovered Mongolian wild horses in Junggar Basin, Xinjiang. It survived this unprecedented catastrophe and became a survivor.
After the discovery of Mongolian wild horses, museums in Russia, the United States, France and other countries made specimens of wild horses' skulls and skins. Due to the fast running of adult wild horses, it is difficult to catch them. Only some young ponies have been caught and kept artificially in zoos in Ukraine, Germany, Britain, France and the United States. With careful breeding, there are now 3 Mongolian wild horses living in more than 7 national zoos around the world.
It is said that the last time Mongolian wild horses were captured was in 1947; The last time I saw a wild horse was in the winter of 1959. Later, foreign zoologists made several expeditions to western Mongolia to look for it. After 2 years, nothing was found. They learned from local herders that they had seen wild horses here in the 194s, and they came from Xinjiang. People place their hopes on Xinjiang, which may be the only place where wild horses exist.
Chinese geological prospectors have seen Mongolian wild horses many times when they are working in the field. Their activities range from Dune River in the west to Jiangjun Gobi in the east of Junggar Basin, and the tent ditch area is the most.
Wild horses are small, with a body length of 2-2.3 meters, a shoulder height of 1.3-1.4 meters, a large head, no forehead hair and short ears. The head and back are brown, the sides of the body are lighter, and the abdomen turns milky yellow. In winter and summer, the coat color is different. In winter, the hair is long and thick, the color is light, and the hair on the back is wavy; In summer, the hair becomes shorter and darker, with several hidden stripes on the limbs, and the mane is upright, extending from the head to the back. The tail is very long, the hair is dark brown, fluffy and sparse.
Wild horses are very similar to today's domestic horses, even with the same tooth type and tooth structure. They breed with each other and can breed new offspring with fertility. However, they are the same family, not the same species, and domestic horses are not domesticated from Mongolian wild horses.
In summer, dozens of wild horses, led by a male horse, roam the grassland with their females and ponies, looking for wild plants to eat. In the evening, go to the lake to drink water and rest nearby. With its own protective color, it hides in the taupe soil to escape the enemy. In winter, wild horses have to make seasonal migration. In the ice and snow, they have to quench their thirst with snow and dig up hay and moss under the snow to satisfy their hunger.
Wild horses have strong physique, fierce temperament, small and round hooves, fast running and drought resistance. In deserts and grasslands, they sometimes meet wolves, and they are not afraid of absconding, but calmly meet them. Sometimes it will suddenly attack and rush to the wolf; Sometimes, turn around quickly, raise your hind feet and kick hard. Therefore, wolves dare not invade it easily.
wild horses are hard to hunt. When the wild horses met the crowd, they quickly took up their positions. The male horse was in front, the female horse was behind, and the pony was around the center. They stomped on the ground with their hooves, as if threatening and indicating the direction of escape. In an instant, the horses rushed out of the encirclement and ran away quickly.
Wild horses are rare and have been listed among the world's banned animals. A special organization has been set up in the world to investigate and study wild horses, and the methods of domestication, protection and reproduction have been worked out. Wild horses have been listed as the first kind of protected animals in China, and hunting is strictly prohibited.
Scientists have also crossed various kinds of horses, so that a wild horse-the big horse, which existed in Europe a hundred years ago, reappears.
(selected from Animal Panorama, Jiangsu Children's Publishing House, 1995)
2. The Year of the Horse said that horses (Zhou Zhijing)
Horses are loyal friends of human beings. It is tall, with a long face, erect ears, long hair at the tail and strong limbs. The impression is simple, honest and simple, without any falsehood. Horses are gentle in nature, and they will do what they are ordered to do, and they will stop when they are forbidden; Walk flexibly, be good at running and have strong adaptability. Not only can you plow and pull, but you can also ride and transport. Therefore, it has become a reliable means of transportation for thousands of years.
China has a vast territory, complex and changeable ecology, and a large number of horses. There are many kinds of horses, including Ili Horse and Yanqi Horse, which are tall and fast, Hequ Horse and Mongolian Horse, which adapt to the cold environment. In the 198s, a five-lumbar pony and Anning Fruit Horse were newly discovered. At present, China has more than 1 million horses, ranking first in the world.
The tactile horse is extremely sensitive in sense of touch and smell, and sometimes it can find the water source several kilometers away by distinguishing the trace water vapor in the air. Orientation of environmental stimuli: When a horse enters the mountain forest, it can return smoothly along the original road. This is because the horse knows the way by stimulating its brain with the external environment such as scenery, color, sound and smell. Horses have a strong memory of smells and can return to their original places through twists and turns when they get lost.
Eye horses have special eyes. Their pupils are flat up and down and wide left and right, which is related to the fact that most of their ancestors, wild horses, lived in open grasslands. Its flat up and down and wide left and right pupils enable them to see food or enemies on both sides from a long distance.
Sleeping position It is generally believed that horses stand all their lives and sleep upright forever, only when they are seriously ill. Horses can really take a nap standing up and even sleep soundly. This is inherited from their ancestors. The ancient wild horses lived in the Yuan Ye. When they were suddenly attacked by the enemy, they could only escape quickly. Sleep standing up and run away quickly. Nowadays, horses kept in the racecourse are different: they live in warm and safe stables and don't have to worry about the attack of wild animals. In this way, the horse likes to lie on the soft straw mat and spread his legs freely. However, they can also sleep standing up. Sometimes they sleep standing up first and then lie down.
a language horse has its own language, and its language is mainly expressed by different gestures of ears. Ears straight up, slightly shaking, said "very happy"; The ear keeps shaking back and forth, left and right, indicating "unhappy"; Ears quietly fall back, indicating "excitement"; Ears fall forward or to both sides, indicating "fatigue"; Ears drooping to both sides, head down, indicating "want to rest"; Raise your ears high and stand upright to both sides, indicating "nervousness"; The ears keep shaking and the head is raised, indicating "fear".
A clever horse was once found in the former Soviet Union. It pulled a carriage to transport grain, only 2 bags at a time. Every time it finished loading the car, it would look back carefully. If it exceeded 2 bags, it would "refuse to pull the cart". Horses are smart and capable. German farmer Austin has a horse named Hans, who can do addition, subtraction, multiplication and division arithmetic. Sweet, an American, trained his horse very well and became his right-hand man. He usually handed him newspapers, dressed him and brought him a hat. This horse is still his living "alarm clock", which reminds him to get up regularly every morning. In Louisville, Kentucky, USA, there is a horse named Butterflies. Under the careful training of its owner, it can drive a modified Lincoln car. In England, there is a horse named "Grey Grey", who learned to play football under the patient training of his owner Keeley. He can not only head-head, shoot, cross and pass, but also has a high shooting rate.
(excerpted from Beijing Evening News on January 1, 22)
3. Celebrate the horse in the Year of the Horse (coming to the new summer)
year of the snake is about to pass, and the Year of the Horse is coming. Although snakes are attached to dragons by the world, they are called little dragons, and they are packaged by great men as "mountain dancing silver snakes", but they still give people a crisp and uncomfortable feeling, especially women and children who are afraid to avoid them. Horses, on the other hand, are completely different. Horses have many stories to tell and close relationships with people in all aspects. Therefore, horses are loved by people, and the year of the horse has become a popular year of the zodiac.
horses have many good names: swift horse, Tianma, BMW, bloody horse, fine horse, old horse, white pony and so on. Six Jun, Zhou Muwang's Eight Jun and Emperor Wen's Nine Horses, which were repeatedly used by Emperor Taizong to conquer the world, were named Jiuyi, each with its image, color and speed. When you read the Three Character Classics, you will know that horses, cattle, sheep, chickens and dogs, and other six animals, horses and cattle and sheep are among the three treasures, and horses rank first among the six animals. A little longer reading "Youxue Qionglin" has the sentence "Hua Yi, the name of a good horse". When we go to the shops of commercial shops, we often see the couplets of "Hua Yi opens the way, and the eagles come out of the dust", hoping for smooth operation and prosperous business.
There are many stories about horses in historical biographies. The Biography of Dawan in Historical Records records that Zhang Qian made an envoy to the Western Regions. In his report to the Han Emperor, he praised Dawan's famous specialty, especially saying that Dawan was "a good horse with a bloody horse, and its innate girl was also". Later, an emissary praised his horse. He also said that the best person was in Dawaner Shicheng, and Emperor Wu was eager to get a good horse. He once sent someone to "invite Wanwanger Shicheng to get a good horse with his daughter and golden horse", which was rejected, so he did not hesitate to send Li Guangli, the general of the Second Division, to get a good horse with tens of thousands of specialized teachers. Give the name "Tianma". It can be seen that a good horse is important at the time.
horses have an inseparable relationship in human social life and career, and they are important means of transportation in ancient daily life.