Wang Shouren is not only a philosopher and educator, but also a famous poet. He loves the mountains and rivers in his hometown very much. After he returned to his hometown, he often visited places of interest and left many well-known poems. As he wrote "Recalling Longquan Mountain":
I love Longquan Mountain, where monks are quite wild.
Sitting in the well all day, sometimes lying in Panasonic.
Don't go to Yunshan for one night, travel for three years.
Shame on killing the spring under the rock will clear itself sooner or later.
Wang Shouren traveled to Xuedou Mountain in Fenghua, and his poem Xuedou Mountain is beautiful. People have been telling it for hundreds of years.
It is difficult to break the poor mountain road alone, but it is difficult to cross a thousand streams and see the stone altar.
Gog rings the bell and the monk sleeps. It's very cold in summer in Lin Yuan.
Gu Lei is vaguely connected with the rock waterfall, and Shan Yu is closely reflected with bamboo poles.
Don't be surprised that all the peaks are familiar. I have seen this painting once.
Wang Shouren's life is full of works. After his death, his teacher compiled 38 volumes of Wang Wencheng's Book of Public Rights, among which the most important philosophical works were biographies and university questions.
He condensed the theory of mind into four sentences: Wang Shouren
No good, no disgusting body,
There are good deeds and bad intentions.
Knowing good and evil is conscience,
Doing good and eliminating evil is a good thing.
Yuyao "Four Monuments Pavilion" has a monument pavilion to commemorate him. The inscription reads: the hometown of Wang Yangming, a sage of Ming Dynasty. Couplet: once a famous university teacher, there are still high-rise buildings that reveal Ruiyun. Banner: True Three Immortals. Inheriting Lu Jiuyuan's theory and carrying forward Lu's thought, it is called "Lu Wang School". Based on the theory of "mind is reason", Lu Jiuyuan thinks that the place where things start is to realize the truth. Wang Shouren was dissatisfied with Lu Jiuyuan's explanation. He said: Lu Xiangshan's learning, "he knows speculation and the language of things, although he is tired and does not follow."
Oppose Cheng's method of "seeking the ultimate truth through things", because things are endless and unique, which is too tiring. Therefore, he advocated seeking the truth from his own heart, believing that the truth is in his own heart, and the truth is transformed into all things in the universe. People have grasped its subtlety, so people have grasped its essence.
As Lu Jiuyuan said, "The heart is rational and the heart is rational." Why not look outside? Therefore, it is obvious that "initial heart" is clear about "heaven". Therefore, Wang Shouren emphasized: "There is only one heart, which means benevolence in terms of all its troubles;" As far as its appropriateness is concerned, this means righteousness; As far as its organization is concerned, this means reason. Can't seek benevolence, justice and reason from outside? This knowing and doing is two because it seeks truth from the outside; Seeking truth from my heart, this holy gate is the teaching of unity of knowledge and action. " In the relationship between knowledge and practice, starting from "the universe is one", we oppose Zhu's "foresight" theory. Wang Shouren thinks that since we know this truth, we should carry it out. If you just claim to know and don't practice, it can't be called real knowledge. Real knowledge cannot be separated from practice. For example, when you know the truth of filial piety, you are already very filial and care about your parents; When you know kindness, you have treated your friends with kindness. The real unity of knowing and doing lies in doing what you know. Knowing and doing happen at the same time. His aim is "if there is something wrong with the engine, knock it down, and it needs to be completely cured so as not to lurk in the chest."
In the handbook compiled by his students, Wang Shouren understood Zhu's theory of separation of knowledge and action, such as "after the prophet's behavior". Ancient sages saw that many people spent a lot of time and energy on knowledge and neglected action, thinking that this would lead to grandiose atmosphere, so they began to emphasize the need to know before acting, and later people understood it as saying that they should act after acting, which misunderstood the sage's meaning. Beijing Jiaotong University, Northeastern University and Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics regard it as part of the school motto. In ancient times, after a great war, the winning party, the metropolis, carved stones near the battlefield to remember its merits and demerits. Lushan Mountain also has such a place.
There is a stone wall dozens of feet square under Xiufeng Li Jing's reading platform. There are three stone carvings on the stone wall: seven buddha written by Huang Tingjian, a great poet and calligrapher in the Song Dynasty, a poem written in the Ming Dynasty on the right, and an inscription written by Wang Yangming on this stone after Zhu Pingding's rebellion on the left, which is called a merit tablet. Inscription *** 136 words, solemn and vigorous font, stone three points. Later generations commented on this inscription cloud: This mountain is immortal at the moment, and the wind and thunder care for the light in the forest.
Wang Shouren, whose real name is Boan, was born in Yangming Cave, his hometown, and was called Mr. Yangming. Wang Yangming, a native of Zhejiang, was a famous philosopher, educator, politician and strategist in ancient China. He used to be the chief of the military capital. In the 14th year of Ming Dynasty (15 19), in June 14, the imperial clan king Zhu rose up and rebelled in Nanchang. Hundreds of rebels swept Nankang and went straight to Jiujiang. All the way to Anqing, forcing Nanjing, there was a tendency to go north and take the capital directly, and the Ming court shook up and down, making people panic. At this time, Wang Yangming, the governor of Gannan, who was stationed in Fengcheng, quickly rushed to Ji' an, made decisive decisions, mobilized troops, and went straight to Nanchang, the lair of the rebels. When he heard the news, he was anxious to see Li. Wang Yangming and the rebels fought Poyang Lake. In just 35 days, Wang Yangming defeated the insurgents and captured Zhu alive in Misheng Street near Nanchang. A great rebellion that endangered the country was almost put down in laughter. However, Wang Yangming made such great contributions, but he was not rewarded by the court. Instead, he was slandered and framed by a series of people. Ming Wuzong even felt that Wang Yangming put down the rebellion so easily and lost face. He believes that such a battle should be performed by his own troops down south. Eunuch Zhang Zhongzhi framed him and colluded with him. Since Wu Zong asked Wang Yangming to release him and let him lead the army to fight Zhu again ... In this case, Wang Yangming rushed to Qiantang overnight and handed Chen Hao over to the eunuch (Zhang Yong). At the same time, according to the will of Wu Zong, he won good news again and attributed the victory of counterinsurgency to Wu Zong. In this way, the emperor's face was taken care of and Wang Yangming's life was guaranteed.
On the 30th day of the first month of the following year, Wang Yangming went to Kaixian Temple (now Xiufeng Temple) and carved stones to record his merits. The memorial tablet praised the emperor's "imperial power SHEN WOO" and "pro-unification six-part proposal, and then capture Chen Haogui". In a short inscription, Wang Yangming also vaguely expressed his complicated feelings.
Probably Wang Yangming was impressed by the scenery around Kaixian Temple when he carved stones to record his merits. He likes this place very much. In March this year, he came to Kaixian Temple again. Wandering in the forest, thinking about water, this quiet landscape, this Lin Tao spring stone and many cultural attractions all remind him of his ups and downs and bumpy life. With emotion, he wrote several poems to express his inner worries.
Its "revisiting the wall of Kaixian Temple" cloud:
Zhong Cheng didn't understand business, and he looked around for mountains and temples.
I am still paying for my wife and children, but I have not left my post until now.
I have been here twice before the opening of the light in March, but the door of the temple monk is not open.
The mountain gods seem too vulgar to drive, and the stream wind blows people's backs.
Don't you see that a rich family is like wine, five fights will wake you up.
The mountains and rivers are harmless, and the floating name is not in my trace!
There is also "Longtan Night Sitting" cloud:
Where is the fragrance of flowers clear at night? The sound of the stone forest hut across the stream.
Everyone who is lonely is out of the moon, and birds and mountains are singing when it is empty.
The grass is wet and the wind is lighter than the kudzu;
In the stream, if you want to write a blue meaning, the north of the river and the south of the river are infinite.
This poem expresses the author's loneliness, melancholy and heaviness. After hundreds of years, the memorial tablet under Li Jing's reading platform is still clear and eye-catching. After reading this inscription of 100 words, you can read the two poems mentioned above. Facing the stone wall is like facing a deep page of history. Through the inscription praising the emperor's imperial power, we can see the true face of the covered history.
Attachment: Full text of Jigong Monument:
Zheng De, born in June, and Chen Hao called soldiers to Que when they rebelled in Nanchang. Break Nankang, Jiujiang, and attack Anqing, shaking far and near.
19 1 1 In July, Minister Shouren returned to Nanchang with soldiers belonging to the family of martyrs, and Chen Hao was captured. Others in the party decided. When really, the son of heaven heard that he was angry, and the pro-unified Sixth Division came to discuss it, so he took Chen Hao back.
In Hehuang Wei, SHEN WOO didn't kill him. For example, is it an earthquake, smashed or folded? If the artifact is returned, who dares to peek? In view of the splendor of Chen Hao, it shows the spirit of the emperor to better our country.
Zheng De Chen Geng was unlucky in the first month, and Wang Shouren, commander-in-chief of military affairs, wrote a book. The attached officials are listed on the left. Tomorrow, I will visit Bailu Cave and wander around for a long time. I will learn more. Wang Shouren's Tomb is located at the foot of Xianxia Mountain, about 2 miles south of Lanting Town, a calligraphy shrine in Shaoxing County. It was built in the eighth year of Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty (1529) and was repaired many times during the reign of Qing Kang Gan. In the forty-ninth year of Qianlong (1784), Emperor Gaozong made great contributions to Nanxing, renovated it, conferred the title of "a famous scholar", and built a four-pillar stone archway in front of the tomb. During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, Tao Guang, the general of Kuomintang stationed in Shao, erected a monument. 1988- 1989 Shaoxing county cultural relics protection management office invested more than 200,000 yuan to completely repair Wang Shouren's tomb, which was announced as a cultural relics protection unit in Zhejiang province in February 1989.
Wang Shouren's tomb faces south, with its back to the mountains, rising step by step, with a wide field of vision and excellent geomantic omen. The tomb has a diameter of 10 m, a total length of more than 70 m, steps of more than 100, and four platforms, all of which are carefully carved with stones. It is a typical Ming Dynasty tomb building in Zhejiang. At the foot of the cemetery covering an area of nearly 2,000 square meters, dozens of trees surround Gu Song, creating a solemn environment. The original appearance of history is well preserved. During his tenure as governor of Gannan, Wang Yangming left many historical sites in Longnan, Jiangxi. For example, after Jiulianshan defeated bandits, it built a Taiping Bridge. Write couplets on the famous Little Wudang Mountain in Longnan; There are many stone carvings left on Yuyan Mountain.