On the way to study, there is no shortcut, and there is no boat with smooth sailing. "Diligence" and "assiduousness" are essential if you want to gain more and wider knowledge in the vast amount of books and knowledge. This poem can be used as a motto to inspire generations of young people.
Even if you are not smart in your studies, you will gain something and succeed only if you are diligent and persistent. 2. Tang Hanyu's "Learning Dafa": Diligence is not as good as diligence, and poverty is at 62616964757A 68696416fe78988e 698331333; What I did was thought, but it was destroyed.
Study is specialized because of diligence, but abandoned because of play; Virtue is gained by independent thinking and corrupted by conformity. Throughout the ages, many people who have achieved their careers are due to diligence and lack of fun; What I did was thought, but it was destroyed.
How many historical allusions illustrate this truth. 3. In the Spring and Autumn Period, Confucius wrote "The Analects of Confucius for Politics": Confucius said, "Reviewing the past and learning new things can be a teacher."
Confucius said: "review old knowledge and gain new knowledge and experience. With these, you can become a teacher." Read the classics as widely as possible, think over their meanings and review what you have heard regularly within your own ability, so as to gain experience and understanding; And strive to absorb new knowledge; In this way, we can expand the field of human knowledge, and closing the door can also give the sages the meaning of the wisdom era.
4. Confucius's "The Analects of Confucius Learn" in the Spring and Autumn Period: Confucius: Learn from time to time, isn't it? Confucius said: Isn't it a pleasure to have the opportunity to put what you have learned into practice? Implicit means pursuing the truth, being tested, applied and perfected in practice, and embodying the value of learning in practice. This is a happy thing! 5. Xunzi's "Persuasion" in the Warring States Period: Therefore, the wood is straight from the rope and the gold is profitable. A gentleman who has knowledge and participates in the province knows that he can do anything. Therefore, wood can be measured with ink lines, straightened with auxiliary tools, sharpened with swords on grindstones, and a gentleman can study extensively and reflect on himself every day, then he will be wise and his behavior will not be wrong.
A gentleman is well-read and well-informed, and only by introspection every day can he be well-read and well-informed.
2. Some knowledge about classical Chinese is called classical Chinese function words.
To master the function of function words in classical Chinese, we must first understand the meaning of sentences and then judge the function words here.
Commonly used meanings are:
First of all, it
1. Pronouns: instead of people, things and things.
For example, if you want to report to your majesty, you also know that the former emperors called it "those who can eat meat seek fame", and those who take advantage of it will win the world. At first, they will mention the reasons for the differences. People who write for the purpose of fame will be attacked by the ring, and people who are invincible in the world will be remembered in a composition. I hope your majesty will personally believe it.
2. Auxiliary words:
(1) is equivalent to "de" in modern Chinese (this is the most): for example, things in the palace stop at hurting the height of the poor mountains of the former emperor, and then you know that there is no competition in the mountains, and the four seasons in the mountains are also the joy of mountains and rivers, but you don't know the joy of people. Li Sancheng did not try to seek the heart of ancient benevolent people with the feelings of mountains and rivers. This is also the grand view of Yueyang Tower mentioned by predecessors.
(2) Used between subject-predicate phrases to eliminate the independence of sentences: for example, the new cold light in the mirror is at a loss because of human learning.
(3) supplementary syllables (this is rare): for example, the public will feel disappointed for a long time.
3. Verbs (there are few such junior high school textbooks)
For example, dropping out of farming on the ridge of the field, right next to him.
4, the role of grammar (this category involves classical Chinese grammar, junior high school students do not require to master): For example, He Lou has a high position in the temple, and he will worry about his people and the Song Dynasty.
Second, it
1, pronoun (this kind is more): things from generation to generation can also be expressed as "na"
For example, in order to show his blame, the people have heard more about his merits and demerits, and his mind has been engraved with the poems of Tang Xian's modern people. Its villagers hope that its flag is weak, so its writing is sparse. Now, read its articles, listen to its comments and go up the mountain with its disciples.
2, the table mood (this is less)
For example, he really doesn't know horses. He really doesn't know horses.
Third, to
1 as a preposition can be interpreted as: use, rely on, rely on, rely on, because, take, handle and so on.
For example, those who can wake up and tell stories by writing (using), taking advantage of the world instead of pleasing things (because) knowing and doing (taking) will be realized by sharing people's (letting go) gas (relying). Autumn is only a little talented in the world (rely on) and consult the minister (take) with contemporary affairs. Although the first emperor had no intention of being a minister, he could not observe it.
Step 2 combine
(1) Table Usage: It is needed for translation.
For example, it is to write a composition to commemorate the killing. Chen She wants to show your majesty the truth with the light of the legacy of the previous dynasty, show his blame to the spirit of the previous dynasty, and inspire his people with his ambition, knowing that the vast universe of heaven and earth will attack the Song Dynasty
(2) Table Results: Translated to facilitate
If it hurts the wisdom of the first emperor, the way to stop loyalty is also (this kind is less)
3. Others
(1) Thinking: Translated as thinking about example or thinking about death.
(2) So:
A, it used to mean, for example, this minister is so loyal to your majesty, so loyal to your majesty.
B, the reason ... For example, this ancestor is so prosperous.
(3) equivalent to "harmony": lying on the pillow when you are drunk.
(4) Common pseudowords: for example, it is strange that it is solid (through "already") (this is the only one in junior high school textbooks)
Fourth, almost.
1, modal particles (usually used at the end of a sentence): For example, is it okay if the country dies? What kind of prince would like to have? Yes or no!
2. Preposition (usually used in sentences): For example, people who care about mountains and rivers are also depressed, and then know that all the articles in the world are gathered here.
3. As a suffix (usually used after adjectives): for example, leisurely and suffocating, swimming with the creator (equivalent to "the appearance of ...")
Fifth, although
1, even if that means it. For example, although there are thousands of miles of power, you can't find out what it means to kill a minister, but you can't kill it.
2, although the meaning. For example, in Baishi's book, although the wind is still strong, the public losing table is a ladder for me.
However, six
1, pronoun: this meaning. For example, I don't think so, but Hu is worried. Nevertheless, the public loss section is a ladder for me.
2. As a suffix, it looks like. For example, humble people are watching, and deep and beautiful people are caring about me.
3. Conjunction: The table turns. But for example, the ministers of the Guards are persistent in internal affairs, but they can learn if they can't.
Seven. or
1. Some people: For example, today they are either innocent or think they are dead or dead.
Sometimes, for example, it is urgent to eat all the corn and stones at once or the king's order.
3. Maybe: for example, or different from each other.
Eight, for
1, preposition (equivalent to "be" and "replace"): For example, most of the foot soldiers were washed by the user's mountain and showed me the king's grave.
2. Verbs: For example, build a fountain for the altar and make wine.
3. With regard to the knowledge of classical Chinese, there is a sequential relationship between inheritance and action time. Therefore, I kept you for dinner in Beijing in order to win the prize.
Coordinates, changing the connection components does not affect the meaning of the sentence, that is, coordinates. For example, crabs kneel six times and pinch twice, and there is no place to send them unless they are snakes and eels.
The turning point is naturally inferred from the context. Example: Green is taken from blue, and green is more than blue.
Modify the connecting adverbial and the head word to see if the preceding component is an adverbial, especially the adverbial of accompanying state. Example: standing with a knife.
Progressive, further in meaning, such as from easy to difficult, from small to large. Exodus: A gentleman is knowledgeable, but saves himself by participating in daily activities.
Preposition objects generally have four forms:
1. In negative sentences, the personal pronoun is the object, and the object should come first. Exodus: Don't be uncertain.
2. In interrogative sentences, the interrogative pronoun is the object, and the object should be in front. Example: Liang asked, "What is your Majesty doing here?"
3. Use "zhi" to advance the object. Example: What crime did Song commit?
4. Use Yes to advance the object. Exodus: Only brothers and sisters are obedient.
4. What are the classical Chinese texts about learning? 1, Xunzi's "Persuasion" in the Warring States Period.
Excerpt: A gentleman knows that a husband is not beautiful enough, so he recites it and thinks about it.
Interpretation: A gentleman thinks he is perfect only when he knows that he is not perfect, so he reads a set of books to try to achieve mastery and understand with thinking and exploration.
2. The sacred amethyst in Wang Yinglin in Song Dynasty.
Excerpt: Jade is not pecked, let alone a weapon; People don't learn or know.
Interpretation: jade can't be a beautiful object without polishing and carving; People can't succeed if they don't study.
3. Zhou's "Supplements and Essays" in Qing Dynasty
Abstract: There is a road to diligence in Shushan, and there is no limit to learning from the sea. (Actually, it was written by Han Yu in the Tang Dynasty, and it was included in augmented sages).
Interpretation: If you want to climb the peak of knowledge, then diligence is the only way; If you want to swim in the ocean of knowledge, effort is a boat that wishes you progress.
4. Zhu's persuasion poems in Song Dynasty.
Excerpt: It is easy for teenagers to learn from old age, but difficult to learn. An inch of time is not light.
Interpretation: Time flies, learning is difficult, don't waste every inch of time.
5. Yan Zhenqing's "persuasion" in Tang Dynasty.
Excerpt: Black hair doesn't know how to study hard early, but it's too late to learn.
Interpretation: I didn't know to study hard early when I was young, and it was too late to regret when I was full of white hair.
Baidu encyclopedia-persuasion
5. The knowledge about classical Chinese in junior high school is selected from Yanzi Chunqiu, Internal Miscellaneous Articles.
Yan Zi was a politician and diplomat of Qi in the Spring and Autumn Period. The Chu people abbreviated it as, and extended it to, because the small door is on the edge of the city gate.
Yan Zi refused to go in and said, "Let the dog country go in through the dog door. I am an envoy of Chu, so I can't enter this door. "
It's more polite to enter through the gate. When he met the king of Chu, the king of Chu said, "Is there no one here? Let children become ambassadors. "
Yan Zi said to him, "There are 300 people near Qizi. They are all dressed and sweating, shoulder to shoulder. Why is there no one? " The king said, "But what can I do?" Yan Zi said to him, "Everyone has his own master. A saint makes a virtuous master, and an unscrupulous master.
Baby is the most corrupt, so it is appropriate to be Chu Yi. "This will make chu.
Hearing this, the King of Chu said to the left and right, "Yan Ying, a scholar in the State of Qi, is also a poet. Today, I want to humiliate it. Why? " "For his sake," said the left and right, "I'll ask you to tie someone up and walk over the king.
The king said, "What is it?" Yes,' Qi people are also.' The king said, "Why sit down?" You said,' Sit down and steal.
"Chu Yanzi gave Yanzi wine, full of wine, and two collectors tied one person to the king. The king said, "What about those who are bound?" He said, "Qi people are also thieves. "
The King of Qi looked at Yan Zi and said, "Are Qi people good at stealing?" Yan Zi avoided the table and said, "Babies smell it, but oranges are born in Huainan and oranges are born in Huaibei. Leaves are similar to disciples, but they taste different. What's that? Soil and water are different.
Today's people's livelihood is not as good as stealing Qi, and stealing Chu makes people steal Chu. "Wang said with a smile," saints are not interested in happiness, and I am not interested in disease. How to annotate: and why and how to use it? Pronouns: This news.
He Zuoxiu: What crime did you commit? Crime.
I want to insult it, so the pronoun: refers to Yan Zi. Learning words: good at rhetoric, can speak.
Drunk: When drinking and having fun. H: I'm very interested.
Li: Pass "him". For: Yu.
Avoid seats: Come out of the banquet and show a serious attitude and seriousness. Be sent to another country.
The last two messengers, one as a noun and the other as a verb, were appointed. Short: long means short stature.
Yan: Used as a verb, meaning please. Nai:Nai(bρn), nai is a person who specially welcomes and entertains guests.
Linzi: Zi (zο), Linzi, place name, capital of Guqi, now Zibo, Shandong. Lu: It is an ancient social organization unit, consisting of 25 families.
300 Lu means a large population. M: (mèi), that is, sleeves.
Heel: (zhǒng), that is, the human heel. Life: command, which means appointment and dispatch here.
Lord: Yes, it's a rule. The following keywords refer to the master and the monarch.
Immortality: Immortality. To say "left and right" means "say ... say: yes ... two officials bound one person to bind the king: bound meaning: to the side (referring to the elders): to be happy: to spread the word" play "and ridicule the ancient and modern synonyms. Ye is similar to Tu, but in fact it tastes different: ancient meaning: its fruit and present meaning: actually called left and right, left and right, ancient meaning: serving the present meaning. Insulting today's righteousness; People who are used to learning words because of illness also learn: ancient meaning: proficiency today meaning: learning translation: once, the king of Qi sent a doctor Yan Zi to Chu.
Knowing that Yanzi was short, the monarch and ministers of Chu opened a small door next to the gate and invited Yanzi in. Yan Zi refused to go in. He said, "I only go in through the dog hole when I visit the dog country. I'm going to Chu today, so I can't go into this cave. "
The person who greeted the guests entered the gate with Yan Zigai. Yan Zi visited the King of Chu.
The king of Chu said, "Is there no one in Qi? How can I send you? " Yan Zi replied: "There are 7,500 families in Linzi, the capital of Qi State. When people open their sleeves together, the sky becomes dark. " Sweat together, it will merge into a rainstorm; Pedestrians in the street lean on their shoulders and their toes touch their heels. How can you say there is no one? "The king of Chu said," In that case, why did you come? " The answer was: "Qi sent envoys. According to different targets, talented people were sent to talented kings, and those without talents were sent to kings without talents.
Yan Ying is the least talented person, so I have to go to Chu. "Today will be to chu.
Hearing this, the King of Chu said to his men, "Yan Ying, who is good at rhetoric in the State of Qi, is here now. I want to humiliate him. What can I do? " His man replied, "When he arrives, please allow me to bind a man and walk past the king." . The king asked, "What do people do?" He replied, "He is from Qi.
The king of Chu asked again, "What crime have you committed?" The answer is: "I committed theft." When Yanzi arrived in Chu, the king of Chu invited Yanzi to drink.
While drinking happily, two warriors escorted a man to the king of Chu. The king of Chu asked, "Who has it?" The samurai replied, "It is Qi who commits theft."
The king of Chu said to Yan Zi, "Are people in Qi good at stealing?" Yan Zi left his seat and solemnly replied, "I've heard of such a thing. Oranges grow in Huainan and become bitter oranges in Huaibei, but the leaves are similar in shape and the fruits taste completely different. What is the reason? The water and soil are different.
Now people don't steal when they live in Qi, but steal when they arrive in Chu. Is it because of the good soil and water in Chu that people are good at stealing? King Chu said with a smile, "A saint can't joke with him, and I'm bored myself." Yan Zi (557-500 BC) was born in Gaomi, Shandong Province in the Spring and Autumn Period.
An important politician, thinker and diplomat in the late Spring and Autumn Period. He is famous for his political foresight, diplomatic ability and simple style.
He loves his country and people, dares to speak out, and is smart and witty. It enjoys a high reputation among rulers and people.
He is knowledgeable, good at rhetoric and advocates governing the country with courtesy. He urged Qi Jinggong to give a lighter punishment and save the punishment. Liu Xiang recorded the Spring and Autumn Annals of Yan Zi in Han Dynasty, and compared Yan Zi with Guan Zhong, a famous politician in the early Spring and Autumn Period. Key points: 1. Pronunciation of Chinese characters: The wine is drunk (hān) wangyi (yān) Yiwei (hé) Wei Zhi (zhǐ) What's wrong with Xi (xī) What's wrong with Xi (yā n) 2. Interpretation: desire: will, want.
I want to humiliate it. Right: Answer.
Give: give, give. For example, the king of Chu gave the swallow wine.
Seven, the keyword is good: good, good. Such as: Qi people are good at stealing? Reality: Fruit.
Please tell me something about classical Chinese. Look at some ancient stories in China first. Before you translate classical Chinese, you can learn some ancient customs and the meanings of some common words in China.
The following are some commonly used classical Chinese knowledge points, and it will be helpful to have a look. Classical Chinese is a narrative that is easy to translate, but if you want to translate it more accurately, you must read more stories about ancient China. You can start with a simple book and read some modern translations of classical Chinese. I hope it will help you.
The knowledge here is relatively simple. You can look at it from here first. As for the recommendation, you can first look at these articles about Confucius' eastward journey and see the argument between the two children. Ask why.
A child said, "I think the sun is close to the sky at sunrise and far from the sky at noon." . "
Another child thinks that the sun is far from the sun when it rises, and it is closer to people at noon.
A child said, "When the sun just came out, the hood of the car was as big as noon and the plate was as small as usual. Is this the reason why it is not far from the big one?" ? "
A Confucius said, "It's cool to get out of the sky at the beginning of the day, and it's like exploring soup in Japan and China. Isn't this near hot and far cold? "
Hearing this, Confucius could not judge who was right or wrong.
The two children said with a smile, "Who (shú) is more knowledgeable (wise) than you (rǔ)?"
Confucius visited the East and saw two children arguing. Confucius asked them why they quarreled.
A child said, "I think the sun is close to people when it first comes out, and far away from people at noon."
Another child thinks that the sun is far away from people when it first comes out and close to people at noon.
The first child said, "when the sun first rises, it looks like a big round cover. At noon, it looks like a plate." Isn't it far small and near big? "
Another child said, "when the sun first came out, it felt cold and cold." At noon, it's as hot as putting your hand into hot water. Isn't it hotter as you get closer and colder as you get farther away? "
Confucius could not judge who was right or wrong.
The two children smiled and said, "Who says you are knowledgeable?"
Then you can start with the Analects of Confucius, hoping to help you.
7. What are the classical Chinese texts about learning? (1) Classical Chinese is wonderful. There is no doubt about it. Classical Chinese is an important part of China traditional culture. This shows that the history of modern civilization in China is still very short, and it is necessary to deconstruct or interpret the traditional culture, because the inheritance of traditional wisdom is based on the correct interpretation of classical Chinese.
(2) Classical Chinese is knowledge. This is right, because classical Chinese is no longer a language, it is purely a kind of writing. But classical Chinese is knowledge, and so is Oracle Bone Inscriptions. Why not learn from Oracle Bone Inscriptions? By the way, it is precisely because Oracle Bone Inscriptions is a relatively primitive writing, so classical Chinese is the basis for further study of Oracle Bone Inscriptions and other traditional advanced writing (learning).
(3) Classical Chinese is also a skill. The expression, description, combination, transformation, metaphor, comparison and deduction of Chinese fully bear the style of Chinese civilization in ideological expression. Mastering the physical structure of classical Chinese has a profound understanding of modern Chinese, and there are "laws" to follow in the construction of new Chinese.
(4) "Classical Chinese" is the antonym of "vernacular Chinese". The structure of this word is as follows: classical Chinese-Chinese. The first "text" is "writing" and "speech" is language. "Classical Chinese" refers to "written language". It explains two meanings: first, it points out that classical Chinese is a language; Secondly, the language was written later. "Written" language also has two meanings: one is a culture that can have language without words, for example, most ethnic minorities only have language without words; Secondly, the function of language quits life and becomes history in the form of words.
The literal meaning of "classical Chinese" should be: the written language style. The latter's "text" refers to style.
(5) Does classical Chinese have a "future" besides archaeological research? In other words, what life application value will it have? I think there is. When the traditional life style fades out of modern society, people just ignore the social life in some marginal fields, which leads to the suspicion or neglect of classical Chinese in modern application. For example, in religious buildings, some inscriptions will still be written in classical Chinese, or in calligraphy and engraved with tools. The application of seal script is also mostly the same.
(6) The word "classical Chinese" can also include the relationship between language and writing in cultural history. In a certain form, once a language-including dialects-has "culture" and "writing", that is, writing, its language charm is reduced, while the function of writing is doubled. Because language is usually passed down orally and closely related to life, language has not yet entered the cultural state. It is the retention of life experience, without the expansion of words.
(7) In the process of reading classical Chinese, we will inevitably have an illusion: Did the ancients say so? I think this can be "felt" through the differences in the expression of written and spoken languages in the present tense, and there is not much difference in the structural rules between them. It can also be speculated that the ancient people's speech is just more casual, albino and popular than classical Chinese, and "three words and two beats" can also be used as a reference. As for reading classical Chinese now, of course, it does not mean repeating the words of the ancients, but reciting or silently reading a style.
(8) When reading classical Chinese, I feel that my thinking is very clear, just like reading the works of western philosophers occasionally, which is very solemn.
8. What are the classical Chinese texts about learning? If you want to learn classical Chinese well, you should do more topics in this field or read more books on classical Chinese, and translate more articles and stories in classical Chinese to improve the level of classical Chinese. Classical Chinese teaching is an important part of Chinese teaching, and classical Chinese test questions are the highlight of college entrance examination. Students often ask, how to learn classical Chinese well so as not to lose points in the college entrance examination? I think if we can pay attention to the following points, we can learn classical Chinese well and improve the hit rate of the college entrance examination.
First of all, we must have relevant historical knowledge. As the saying goes, literature and history are not separated. Everyone lives in an era, and the politics, economy and culture of this era will certainly have an impact on him. Therefore, only by understanding the era of this person's life can we understand the connotation of his works. For example, Qu Yuan advocated reform and hoped that Chu would be strong, but the king of Chu was "confused by Zheng Xiu at home and bullied by Zhang Yi abroad", alienated Qu Yuan first, and then exiled him to the Miluo River, which made his reform ambition impossible and buried him in the river. Knowing this history, it is much easier for us to understand Li Sao.
Second, have relevant cultural common sense. China's ancient culture is profound and rich in connotation, and many contents are constantly evolving with the development of history. Such as name and title, official position and imperial examination, geographical knowledge, patriarchal manners and customs, clothing and utensils, calendar criminal law, ancient book annotation style, etc., are greatly different from ancient times to modern times. Although students don't need to master all these contents, they should also accumulate what they encounter in their studies as their own knowledge reserves, so that they can call them at any time in classical Chinese learning and exams.
Third, learn to "solve the belly of the ancients with the heart of the present." We live in today's society, and in the face of disasters, we will unite as one. In the face of ugliness, they will attack and lash; We will work together to resist external humiliation. In fact, this kind of thoughts and feelings are in the same strain. In the face of external humiliation, Wen Tianxiang wrote: "Since ancient times, no one has died, keeping the heart of Dan to shine in the history of history." Facing the sufferings of the people, Du Fu wrote: "The wine in Zhumen stinks and the bones on the road freeze to death." Therefore, when we study ancient Chinese, we should be good at comparing and associating the feelings of the ancients with those of today, so as to try to figure out the thoughts of the ancients and accurately understand the essence reflected by classical Chinese.
Fourth, grasp the teaching materials and lay a solid foundation for classical Chinese. When learning classical Chinese, we must master the knowledge points that appear in textbooks: ① Phonetic sounds, including polyphonic characters and different reading characters. ② Meaning, including ancient and modern different meanings, polysemy and flexible use of parts of speech. ③ Sentence patterns in classical Chinese, including special sentence patterns and complex sentences in classical Chinese.
Fifth, to learn a classical Chinese, we should do the following: first, grasp the article as a whole and understand its main contents; Secondly, put the understanding of paragraphs into the overall grasp of the text; Third, in the specific language environment, we can further understand the words in the context; Finally, on the basis of the first three conditions, further understand the deep meaning of the article. In short, if you can do the above in your usual study, you will lay a solid foundation for the college entrance examination.
9. What are the ancient texts about learning? Han Yu exhorted the gentleman: Don't learn.
Green is taken from blue, and green is blue; Ice and water are cooler than water. The wood is straight in the rope, thinking it is a wheel, and its curve is in the gauge; Although there is a crisis, those who stop coming forward will make it happen.
Therefore, the wood is straight by the rope, the gold is sharp, the gentleman is knowledgeable, and he saves himself every day, so he knows clearly without fault. Think all day long, it is better to learn it in a moment; I've tasted it and I'm looking forward to it. Let's go hiking.
Climb a trick, the arm does not lengthen, but the person you see is far away; Call with the wind, the sound does not add disease, but the listener is obvious. Those who cheat horses are not good enough, but cause thousands of miles; A man who pretends to be a boat can't swim, but he can't swim.
The life of a gentleman is the same, and the goodness lies in personal leave. Accumulated soil becomes mountains, and the wind and rain are prosperous; The water drops merged into the ocean and the dragon was born; Accumulate goodness into virtue, the gods are complacent, and the sacred heart is prepared.
Therefore, you can't take Wan Li Road without accumulating steps; If you don't accumulate small streams, you won't be a river. Leap, not ten steps; This is a great contribution to the success of Ma Xu.
Perseverance, rotten wood can't be carved; Perseverance, the stone can be carved. Earthworms do not have the advantages of minions, and their bones and muscles are strong. They eat the earth and drink the yellow land with their hearts.
The crab kneels six times and pinches twice. It's not that the snake hole has no sustenance, it's also impetuous. The gentleman said: Learn from Fukashi.
Indigo is extracted from bluegrass and bluer than bluegrass. Ice is solidified by water, which is cooler than water. The wood is straight and conforms to the ink line used for straightening. When it is baked, bent and simmered into wheels, the bending of wood conforms to compasses. Even if it does, it won't be straight again. This is because it is artificially bent like this.
Therefore, wood can be straightened after being measured with ink lines, and metal products such as swords can be sharpened after being ground on grindstones. A gentleman can learn extensively and check himself every day, so that he will be smart and knowledgeable and will not make mistakes in his actions. I used to think about it all day, but I didn't learn much in an instant. I once stood on tiptoe and looked far away, but it was better to climb high and look far.
Wave when you climb high, your arms are not lengthened, but others can see you in the distance; Call with the wind, the voice is not as loud as before, but the listener can hear clearly. With the help of chariots and horses, people can walk Wan Li Road without walking fast, while with the help of boats, people can cross the river without swimming.
The essence of a gentleman is no different from ordinary people, but he is good at using foreign things. Earth and stone pile up into mountains, and the wind and rain start from here; Water flows into the abyss, and dragons are born from it; Accumulate good deeds and cultivate noble character, then you will reach a high degree of wisdom and you will have the spiritual realm of a saint.
Therefore, without the accumulation of half a step, there is no way to reach thousands of miles away; Without the accumulation of tiny flowing water, there is no way to merge into the rivers and seas. The horse jumped less than ten paces; A bad horse can walk for ten days, and its success lies in its constant walking.
If it stops after a while, the rotten wood will continue to be carved. Stick to carving and the stone will be carved successfully.
Earthworms have no sharp claws and teeth and strong bones and muscles, but they can eat soil and drink spring water because they are single-minded. A crab has six feet (actually eight feet) and two chins. Without snakes and eels, it has nowhere to hide, because it is impetuous.
10. Basic knowledge about ancient Chinese prose: the general term of classical Chinese before 1954 (generally excluding "parallel prose"). Eight Great Writers in Tang and Song Dynasties are the collective names of eight representative prose writers in Tang and Song Dynasties. It refers to Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan in the Tang Dynasty and Ouyang Xiu, Su Xun, Su Shi and Su Zhe in the Song Dynasty. Wang Anshi and Ceng Gong. Compared with parallel prose, parallel prose is a kind of prose with odd sentences, without dual temperament. Parallel prose became popular after Wei and Jin Dynasties, paying attention to duality, neat syntax and flowery words. Su Chu opposed the flashy style of parallel prose in the later Zhou Dynasty, and imitated the style of Shangshu as "Dayu", thinking that the article was a standard genre and called it "ancient prose" tradition, that is, such prose was called ancient prose. Han Yu's "Mourning for Ouyang Sheng" said: "The more ancient it is, why not just read its sentences? I don't think the ancients can see it, but I have to learn from the ancient road. " "Teacher's Notes" said: "Li, ... is good at ancient prose, and all six arts are passed down to him. Scholars not only emphasize the importance of Tao, but also attach great importance to the role of literature and advocate creation. They advocate that "only the ancient characters must be their own people" and "the text follows the characters smoothly" (Han Yu's Epitaph of Nanyang Fan Shaoshu). The ancient prose they wrote is actually a new type of prose, with its own personality and times. The ancient prose was lost in the Sui Dynasty, Li Han revived, and the ancient prose method died in North Korea. " ("Talking about Poetry with Kong Li") From this sentence, we can see that Han Yu's so-called ancient prose is different from the pre-Qin and Han Dynasties in both inheritance and innovation.