A brief introduction to the life of the catalogue, the achievements of artistic characteristics affect the director credits of the film "Badashanren", and the director credits of the film "Badashanren" are introduced.
Zhū dā, editor of this biography, was one of the "Four Monks" in the early Qing Dynasty. Zhu Youjian is a descendant of Zhu Quan, the sixteenth son of Zhu Yuanzhang, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty. After Wang Ning built Nanchang, generations of descendants lived in Nanchang and other places, and * * * was divided into eight branches. Badashanren is the grandson of King VII of Yiyang. His grandfather Zhu
Zhu Da Xiang Duo is a poet and painter. His landscape painting style is more than two meters, which is quite famous. Father Zhu Moujin, good at landscape flowers and birds, is famous in Jiangyou. Unfortunately, he died of a hidden disease in middle age. Uncle Zhu is also a painter. He wrote History of Painting. Zhu Da grew up in a royal family. Influenced by his parents' art since childhood, he is smart and studious. At the age of eight, I can write poetry, at the age of eleven, I can draw mountains and rivers, and when I was a child, I can write Mijia small letters. When I was a teenager, I took the village exam and was admitted as a student. [1] In the seventeenth year of Chongzhen (1644), the Ming Dynasty perished. Zhu Da is nineteen years old. Shortly after his father died, he was extremely depressed and indignant. He pretended to be deaf and dumb and lived in seclusion in Shan Ye to save himself. A strange symbol often appears in Zhu Da's paintings, which looks like a symbol of a crane. In fact, it is composed of the words "March 19th" to express his deep affection for the motherland (March 19th in Shen Jia is the day when the Ming Dynasty perished).
In the fifth year of Shunzhi (1648), his wife died, and Zhu Da became a monk with his mother and brother, and went to Gengxiang Temple in Fengxin County to get a haircut. Since then, he changed his name to Brother Xue. At the age of 24, I became a mountain and a mountain donkey. In the tenth year of Shunzhi (1653), Zhu Da was twenty-eight years old. He married his mother and went to Hongya Temple in Xinjian County, where he was ordained as a teacher, lived in the mountains and lectured, and followed more than a hundred people to learn the Dharma. According to research, Zhu Da lived with his mother and brother near Jinsheng Mansion outside the gate of Fuzhou, Nanchang, between the ages of 28 and 36. At that time, there were many teahouses and hotels, and working people lived together. Zhu Da lives in poverty, slovenly, and wanders here. I have always liked drinking, but I am not satisfied and often get drunk. I spent a lot of money and a dozen pictures when I was drunk. Monks, poor people, butchers and sellers on the mountain asked him for paintings, and they gave them generously at any time. When Zhu Da was 36 years old, he wanted to "find a self-existence" and found the Tianning concept in the suburbs of Nanchang. This year, he rebuilt Tianning Temple and renamed it "Qingyun Garden". The word "Qingyun" originated from the Taoist myth "Lv Chunyang rode down Qingyun". There is also a saying that "flying swords are inserted into the ground and laurel trees are planted to stipulate the old inheritance", which is also the origin of the existing Haitang laurel. In the 20th year of Jiaqing in Qing Dynasty (18 15), Dai, the top scholar, renamed "Pu" to show the spectrum of "Qingyun" and renamed it "Qingyunpu Scenic Resort Scenic Area" from then on.
Qingyunpu Scenic Resort Scenic Area was once a Taoist temple with a long history. According to legend, more than 2,500 years ago, Prince Jin (son) came here to make an alchemy and build a Dojo, which made him an immortal. In the Western Han Dynasty, Nanchang County ordered Mei Fu to abandon his official position here and later built Meixian Temple. In Jin Dynasty, Xu Xun Water Conservancy also opened a Dojo here, founded Jingmingjiao and changed its name to Taiji View. From then on, Taoism was formally formed, belonging to Jingmingdao. In the fifth year of Emperor Taizong (83 1), Zhou Xun, the secretariat of the Tang Dynasty, changed his name to "Taiyiguan". Song Hezhi two years (1055)
Like Zhu Da, it is also called Tianning View. In the 18th year of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty (166 1), Zhu Da came to pay tribute to the remains of the sages, which he appreciated very much.
The landscape in the statue of Zhu Da was reconstructed on the basis of the original Taoist temple and renamed as "Qingyun Garden". Since then, Zhu Da has become the founder of Qingyun Garden. Later generations also set up the memorial tablet of "Zhengkaishanzudao Lang Nuo". Liang Yuewen didn't. Zhu Zhenren from Badashan ".
From the age of 36 to 38, he traveled between Nanchang City and Qingyunpu Scenic Resort Scenic Area, and the reconstruction of Qingyunpu Scenic Resort Scenic Area was presided over by his brother Zhu. Zhu Da officially settled in Qingyunpu Scenic Resort Scenic Area, about thirty-nine to sixty-two. He has painstakingly managed this temple for more than twenty years. After being a Buddhist for 13 years, Zhu Da became the founder of a Taoist temple. His life of becoming a monk is not mainly religious belief, but to escape the political persecution of the Ming dynasty imperial clan by the Manchu nobles in the Qing Dynasty, so as to hide and preserve himself.
At the age of 53 in the seventeenth year of Kangxi, Linchuan County magistrate Hu Wenming invited him to live with Rao Yupu, a monk, until he was a guest at Linchuan's official residence for many years. This made him very upset and angry, so he pretended to be crazy, tore his robe and walked back to Nanchang alone. More than a year later, he returned to Qingyunpu Scenic Resort Scenic Area, where he spent his "Flower Birthday". At the age of sixty-two, he stopped being an abbot and handed over the temple to his disciple Tu Ruoyu.
At the age of 60, Zhu Da began to paint with poems signed "Badashanren". When he pays for paintings, he often associates the words "Badashanren" as if they were words like "crying" and "laughing" to express his distress. His younger brother Zhu, named, is also a painter. His style is similar to Naixiong's, but he is also uninhibited. His calligraphy and painting is signed by Niu Shihui, and these three words are written together in cursive, which is very similar to the word "Do you want to worship the monarch", expressing the feeling of never giving in to Manchu. At the beginning of their signature, the two brothers opened the word Zhu, and one used "".
Zhu Da is like a cow. Someone used the word "eight". This anonymity is well-intentioned.
In his later years, Zhu Da lived in Zhu Bei Temple and Fujian Base in Nanchang. Lian Xue, a monk friend, is the abbot of Zhu Bei Temple and has a deep friendship with Zhu Da. Lian Xue is also good at calligraphy and has a stubborn personality. Later, he was angry with Fang E, the magistrate of Xinjian County, saying that he was "crazy" and was arrested and died in prison. After Lian Xue's death, Zhu Bei Temple was quickly destroyed. During this period, Zhu Da traveled and visited friends to paint, and there were many paintings. This is the heyday of Zhu Da's creation. Finally, on Chaowangzhou in the suburb of Nanchang, a straw house was built, named "Gege Grass". Ye Zhou, a poet at that time, once wrote a poem "Badashanren", describing his life here. "A room full of songs, rustling full of dust, Artemisia dark. Poetry and painting are in Zen, but the world has escaped fame, and the remnants of the mountain are still water. The old merchants in Qingmen are there, and the melons are scattered. "
It was in this small house that Zhu Da spent his lonely and poor old age until his death. Zhu Da was buried in Yaowan, a suburb of Nanchang, and went to Yingjiashan. However, when the tomb was moved after liberation, only some dead wood nails were found, but no bones were found, which may be his cenotaph. Niu Shihui's tomb is in South General Mountain, a scenic spot in Qingyunpu Scenic Resort. There is a jar of ashes in the grave. After liberation, it was moved and buried in Tuzhu Mountain, a scenic spot in Qingyunpu Scenic Resort. According to New County Records and Xishan Records, Zhu Da's tomb is located 30 miles northwest of the county seat, that is, in Houling area of Huangxi Commune in Xishan. It is difficult to find the exact location of the grave.
Zhu Da has many words, numbers and aliases. His original name is Zhu Youzhi, also known as Zhu Da, and his name is Badashanren.
Zhu Da has snow, mountains, donkeys, houses, bright moon and roads. He became a Taoist and lived in Qingyunpu Scenic Resort Scenic Area. After entering the Qing Dynasty, he remained anonymous. He cut his hair and became a monk. He took the Dhamma name and handed it down. At the age of 55, he used the word blade in Geng Jia, Kangxi (1680). It began to snow at 4 1 year old, and it was used at 55 years old. The first time I saw No.1 Mountain was at the age of 46, and until I was 59, he still had the equal sign of donkey, donkey house and human house. Donkey money was first seen at the age of 56 and at the latest at the age of 58. Man's house and donkey's house are used at the same time. Before the age of 60, the characters used were Yi Fa, Diandian, Han Chun, Yi Xueheng, Liefu and Hongxuan. Zhu Da is a monk's name, and "dang" is a vulgar word for "donkey". As for the name "Benevolence in Badashan", he chose it after he abandoned the monk and turned to the common customs. From the age of 59 until his death at the age of 80, all the previous words were abandoned. When he signs a painting, he often writes "Eighth National Congress" and "Mountain Man" vertically. The first two words are similar to the words "cry" and "laugh", and the last two words are similar to the word "know", indicating crying and laughing. He was loyal to the Ming Dynasty all his life, pretending to be a adherent of the Ming Dynasty and refusing to cooperate with the Qing Dynasty. He has a poem "Laughter and Cry in Boredom", which expresses the feelings of the country's fall and distress.
Zhu Da, the editor's artistic feature in this passage, takes painting as the center, and also has high attainments in calligraphy, poetry postscript and seal cutting. He spent a lot of money on painting.
The bronze statue of Zhu Da is famous for its freehand brushwork in ink, and is good at splashing ink, especially flower-and-bird painting, which is beautiful in the world. In his creation, he is natural, concise, magnificent and novel, creating a broad and vertical style. In the past 300 years, all the great freehand brushwork schools have been influenced by him to some extent. In the Qing Dynasty, Zhang Geng commented that his paintings had reached the realm of "being clumsy in the countryside and neglecting painting". He advocates "economy" in painting. Sometimes he only draws a bird or a stone on a big piece of paper and only draws a few strokes, and his expression is perfect. His calligraphy style is vigorous and fluent. Seal cutting is simple and unique.
In the process of forming his own style, Zhu Da inherited the fine traditions of the previous generation and found his own way. His flower-and-bird paintings lived in Xu Xi for five dynasties, and Zhu Lanmo, a literati painter in Song Dynasty, was also influenced by the techniques of Lin Liang, Lv Ji and Lu Zhi in Ming Dynasty, especially advocating the extensive painting style of the Qingteng Bai Yang. His landscape paintings reached as far away as the Southern Dynasties, and he studied under Dong, Ju, Mi Fei, Ni, Huang and Dong Qichang.
In calligraphy, he studied Shi Guwen intensively, and since the Han, Wei, Jin and Tang Dynasties, he deliberately wrote down various calligraphy posts, especially Wang Xizhi. Calligraphy was a beginner in Dong Qichang, and later in Huanggu, but in his later years, he changed the law to get rid of redundancy without relying on the ancients. He used painting to deform calligraphy, and then used the pen seal in the center to make it move, not to mention the method of cursive script, but also to use the rules, such as the dead vine circling the rock and the old tree blooming, which was full of lofty and profound atmosphere, higher than the secular. Badashanren's books and paintings all have a cold and unattainable aristocratic scholar style, telling the pain of his solitary minister's national subjugation. His early masterpieces include Ode to Wine Virtue by Liu Ling, a running script, and his mature masterpieces include Four Arrogant Axes by Cheng Yi and Poems with Paintings by Huang Zhuyuan.
Generally speaking, Zhu Da's painting art is characterized by expressing feelings with form and taking spirit with form; The pen and ink are simple and light, and the pen is bold and unrestrained; Sparse layout and empty artistic conception; Full of energy and momentum. His form and skill are his truest feelings.
Very good performance of the bronze statue of Zhu Da. The brushwork is unrestrained, does not constitute a law, vigorous and beautiful, leisurely, and the composition is incomplete but complete. His "one flower, one bird" lies not in quantity and size, but in the position and momentum in the layout. And whether it is used in a timely, surprising and ingenious way. This is his "win-win" method. If the layout of the painting is flawed, sometimes books and clouds are used to fill its meaning. Zhu Da can write poems and his calligraphy is exquisite, so even if he doesn't draw much, with his poems, the artistic conception is enough. His paintings make people feel small and numerous, which is an artistic ingenuity.
Most of his landscape paintings are ink and wash, and the patriarchal clan system is Dong Qichang, with Huang, Ni Zan and Dong Qichang painting landscapes. However, there is no elegant, peaceful, clean and elegant style. Instead, he was lonely and desolate, revealing a strong and simple atmosphere in the desolate realm, reflecting his lonely and angry mood and determined character. His ink is different from Dong Qichang's, Dong Qichang's light ink can moisten Ming Jie, and Zhu Da's dry ink can moisten Ming Jie. Therefore, this painting is both "bold and unrestrained", Zhu Da is different and "moist", while Zhu Da is different. A painter's artistic expression can be different from that of his predecessors, but it also lags behind others. His flower-and-bird paintings are particularly outstanding and have the most personality. Most of his paintings are lyrical, expressing meaning by symbolic means, personalizing the image and pinning feelings. In the confrontation between innovation and conservatism in painting circles in the early Qing Dynasty, Zhu Da played a prominent role among the "four great painting monks" of the reformists.
This editor's achievement has influenced the Eighth National Congress. There is an inscribed poem saying: "No more ink spots and more tears, the mountains and rivers are still old mountains and old waters. Gone with the cross-flow, coconut groves whirling, leaving a detailed description to Lin Wen.
Statue of Zhu Da. In the first sentence, "more ink and less tears", Confucius told the truth and most succinctly stated the artistic characteristics of his paintings and his thoughts and feelings. Only by following this clue can we truly understand and appreciate this painter's great works of art.
Because of his special life experience and background, his paintings can't express his feelings directly like other painters, but through his obscure poems and strange deformation paintings. For example, his paintings of fish and birds are only a few strokes, either stretching or tightening, which is specious. Especially those eyes, sometimes oval, are not the eyes of fish and birds we see in our lives. In life, the eyes of fish and birds are round and don't move in the middle of the eyeball. Eight fish and eight birds can turn their eyes and sometimes roll their eyes and stare at people. The rocks he painted are not like those painted by ordinary painters. They are dirty and round, big and small, and top-heavy. He can put them anywhere he wants, whether they are stable or not. The tree he painted is old and dry, with only a few branches and leaves. Tens of thousands of trees in the forest can't pick out such a tree. The scenery, mountains and bare trees he painted are staggering and desolate. If there is such a place, I don't think anyone will settle here.
Besides, his poems, signatures and seals are all very strange. For example, he called himself "Badashanren", many people have explained it, and scholars still have different opinions. He has a seal engraved with a seal. Some people say that it is composed of the words "Badashanren", while others are cautious and call it "Clog Seal" because it is shaped like a clog. As for the poems he painted, many sentences are even more puzzling.
However, the Eighth National Congress clearly told us: "When the world is in turmoil, coconut trees will be left for Lin Wen to ponder." He also said, "People can understand pictures when they want to see them." He really wants people to understand the meaning of his paintings. Therefore, many scholars have found many real news from his paintings and words after careful study. For example, he has a calligraphy style, which has long been called turtle-shaped calligraphy style, because it is particularly shaped like a turtle. Later, I learned that it was originally composed of the words "March 19", which happened to be the day when the last emperor of the Ming Dynasty, Chongzhen, committed suicide, marking the demise of the Ming Dynasty. Then this painting also means to commemorate the national mourning.
In the twenty-first year of Kangxi, he painted an ancient beauty, in which the trunk is hollow, the roots are bare, and a few bare coconut branches are dotted with flowers, like weather-beaten lightning survivors. There are three poems engraved on it. The first one reads: "Divide plum blossom and Wu Daochang, and have a blind date. South of Nanshan, north of Beishan, it is old to burn fish and sweep the dust. " "Plum Blossom Taoist" refers to Zhenwu, a painter in Yuan Dynasty, who calls himself "Plum Blossom Taoist". The words in the box were obviously deliberately dug out by collectors at that time or later to avoid the disaster of the literary inquisition. It is not difficult to guess that the word is either "Hu" or "Lu". Manchu in the Qing Dynasty was the founder of the Central Plains, and these two words were the most taboo. In order to sweep away the "Chen Hu" in "South of Nanshan, North of Beishan", Zhu Da expressed his anti-Qing restoration thought very clearly. The second poem wrote: "It is not a day to get the money back. No land becomes thin and fat. In plum blossom painting, the thinking is simple. How can a monk choose Wei? " There are two allusions in this poem. First of all, Zheng Sixiao, a painter who died in the early Yuan Dynasty, lived in seclusion in the martial arts after the demise of the Southern Song Dynasty. Asked why, he replied, "Don't you know that the land was robbed?" Second, the adherents of Yin, Boyi and Shu Qi, were ashamed not to eat after Zhou destroyed Yin, and lived in seclusion in shouyangshan, picking Wei and eating until they starved to death. It turns out that Gu Mei's eight paintings are all exposed, and they don't draw sloping soil. They imitate Zheng Sixiao's intention of painting orchids, suggesting that the land was plundered by the Qing Dynasty. As a descendant of the imperial clan of the Ming Dynasty, he became a monk and, like Boyi and Shu Qi Cai Weishou Yangshan, refused to submit to the new dynasty. The country was ruined and there was no hope of rejuvenating the country, which forced him to "tear a thousand points."
Eight Poems on Paintings is the key to his painting, but they are obscure and puzzling, and many scholars have made great efforts to explain them. For example, in Jiazi Flower and Bird Book (now in Princeton University Museum) written in the 23rd year of Kangxi, the seventh page depicts a myna standing on a dead branch, and the poem reads: "The kingfisher calls my brother, and my brother has changed. Starling can speak three languages, and few partridges fly south. " After textual research and classic interpretation, Professor Tsung i Jao of the Chinese University of Hong Kong summed up the meaning of this poem: "This poem and this painting are a mockery of the death of' Guo' (pointing out), and it is rare for a loyal minister to cherish the south as a partridge." In other words, the works of the Eighth National Congress sometimes refer to some specific things besides the general emotional expression of national destruction and death. Gua Yue Tu is also a meaningful work. After the poem was inscribed, he recorded "I have painted it on the night of August 15th". Facing the full moon in the sky and eating moon cakes with every family in the world, his heart was touched, so what is his "income"? The poem on the painting reads: "Look at the side of the cake, when the full moon is on the watermelon. Each refers to moon cakes, and the year is ripe. " Some people say that the custom of eating moon cakes comes from the folk story that the anti-Qing rebels sent the signal of uprising, saying that the Eighth National Congress is looking forward to this day. However, when will it be the year of the donkey? "The year of the donkey is the month of the horse" is a common saying, which means there is no fixed time in the distance. If this is the case, then the hearts of the Eighth National Congress will be more than just the pain of national destruction.