Shen Pei, a native of the Western Han Dynasty, was the founder of poetics, and advocated Lu poetics, which had a far-reaching influence on later literature. Gong, a native of Zichuan, a politician and calligrapher, was an important figure in the Western Han Dynasty and made great contributions to politics and literature. Ni Kuan, a native of Qiancheng County, was an official and scholar in the Western Han Dynasty. He participated in the revision of taichu calendar and other important work, which had an important academic influence. These three Confucian scholars represented the Confucianism in Qilu area at that time and promoted the prosperity of literature, politics and scholarship.