Number Type Name Author Organizer Edit Time
China Yuncheng China Yuncheng Lemon 0730zzz123654789 March 6, 200418: 32: 25.
2 China Datong China Datong mgxz _ 010zzz123654789 March 06, 200418: 32: 34.
China Taiyuan China Taiyuan mgxz _ 010zzz123654789 March 0618: 32: 39.
China Shanxi China Shanxi mgxz _ 010zzz123654789 March 0618: 32: 44.
5 Shanxi historical and cultural celebrities-KOF.8/KOC-0/02/KOC-0/9zzz/KOC-0/23654789 2004-03-05/KOC-0/9: 56: 42
Lou Zhaojun kof.810219zzz123654789 March 05, 200419: 56: 49.
7 Shanxi historical celebrity-Zhejiang Taijun kof.810219zzz123654789 2004-03-0519: 56: 53
Wang Qiong kof.810219zzz123654789
9 Shanxi historical celebrity-Wen Yanbo kof.810219zzz123654789 2004-03-0519: 56: 59
10 Shanxi celebrity, which is better than my Tianshui celebrity FIFA 2003 zzz123654789 2004-03-0519: 57: 03.
Ma Feng
Ma Feng (1922-2004), formerly known as Ma Shuming, is one of the most representative writers who grew up after Yan 'an Forum on Literature and Art, and the second generation writer of "Shan Yao Egg School". 1942 published his first work, The First Reconnaissance. The novel Biography of luliang heroes, co-authored with Xi Rong, is one of the most influential works among workers and peasants on the eve of the founding of the People's Republic of China. During this period, the short stories "Jin Bao Niang" and "Village Revenge" were also published one after another. 1951June The short story "Marriage" published by People's Daily was warmly praised by readers for the happiness and joy of rural youth after turning over. It was selected as the textbook for Chinese textbooks in middle schools, which quickly improved the author's popularity, and Ma Feng became one of the most famous novelists in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China. Before the Cultural Revolution, Ma Feng published a collection of short stories, such as Revenge in the Country, An Embroidery Machine, If I had known for three years, My First Superintendent, The Sun just came out of the Mountain, and also published the novel Biography of Liu Hulan, telling the great achievements of the famous heroine Liu Hulan. In this novel, readers can not only see the strength of the great era, the strength of the Party and the strength of Mao Zedong Thought, but also make Liu Hulan grow from an ordinary rural girl into a real proletarian hero, so that people can more concretely and truly understand the profound connotation of Liu Hulan's "great life and glorious death". After the Cultural Revolution, he published short stories such as The Wedding Scene and Selected Stories of Ma Feng. Ma Feng has a close relationship with movies. Biography of luliang heroes was put on the screen in the early years of the People's Republic of China. The feature film "Young People in Our Village" (Episodes I and II) is one of the tribute films of the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC) 10 anniversary 10, and it has become an important film reflecting rural life in New China. The feature films Tears (co-edited) and Our Veteran (co-edited), which are well-known to women and children, also left a deep impression on the audience.
Ma Feng's novels mainly describe the changes of farmers' spiritual world in different historical periods, with broad life pictures, full characters and rich expression techniques. In the middle and late 1950s, marked by My First Superintendent and Knowing Three Years in Advance, Ma Feng formed his own simple, humorous and fluent artistic style with strong national characteristics. His works have a strong sense of the times, and his short stories, like a set of scrolls of rural reform in China, show the footprints of China farmers marching along the socialist road with optimism and confidence. Ma Feng is good at writing ordinary farmers and rural grassroots cadres, showing the beautiful spiritual world of these characters, and making his works always full of righteousness. My First Superior is one of Ma Feng's representative works. Its artistic conception is novel and unique, and the story is surprisingly successful, which successfully shapes the beautiful image of Tian, deputy director of the Agricultural Construction Bureau. Mao Dun, a leading literary figure, once commented: "Laotian is one of the best figures in Ma Feng figure gallery."
plum
Li, a native of Dawang Village, Xicetian Township, datong county (formerly Yanggao County, later returned to datong county). According to the records of Datong government records in Qing Dynasty, "The Prime Minister of Yuan Dynasty took off his tomb, and there was an inscription in Dawang Village, 120 miles east of the government, followed by Datong Li." It can be inferred from the above that Li's ancestors were Mongolians.
Li's father, Li Zenggui, has five sons and a daughter. The eldest son is, the second is mute, the third is, the fourth is, the fifth is Li Yuanlin, the sixth is Li, and the daughter is. Because Li ranked sixth in the Li family, the local villagers affectionately called him "the six heroes". Although the Li family was a well-off family in Dawang Village at that time, they were often bullied by Hao Wei, the bully landlord in the village. So, determined to make great efforts to change the family, he did not hesitate to spend a lot of money, and invited Xie Dingshu, the imperial examination champion of Shuixiang Temple in Hunyuan Prefecture, to come to the Li family and teach six children to read. Thanks to Mr. Xie Dingshu's profound knowledge, good at supervising students, and the tireless study of the Li brothers, all the Li brothers took part in the scientific research during the Tongzhi and Guangxu years.
During Jiazi reign of Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty, 18-year-old Li went to Taiyuan Township to try calligraphy. Ten years later, Xin Wei entered the country. Over the years, he has served as: academician courtyard, editor of academician courtyard, president of Guangxi and Xian 'an Palace, resident officer of Japanese workshop, examiner of imperial examination, bachelor of cabinet, left assistant minister of rites, right assistant minister of Ministry of War, examiner of Guangdong provincial examination, assistant minister of official department, deputy commander of Jiangsu, deputy commander of Han army in Zhengbaiqi, minister of postal department and official Huang.
Li Pingping was an official, law-abiding and honest, and did not receive any feedback. He has always been asked not to listen, to be appointed and dismissed according to the rules, and has never placed a private person. When he was in charge of the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications, he rectified the bureaucracy, got rid of long-standing abuses, and impeached hundreds of people a day. Corruption and dereliction of duty were daunting, which greatly increased the country's fiscal revenue and made the bureaucracy clean, while he remained clean and spotless.
During the Revolution of 1911, Li witnessed the fatuity and corruption of the Qing government. Knowing that the Qing dynasty was at the end of the road, it was difficult to recover, so he had to resign. 19 12 On February 8th, he quit his job and returned to his hometown Dawang Village to live a leisurely life. During the period, I personally wrote the inscription of Puji Bridge on the north bank of Tiesuo Bridge on Sanggan River in Xicetian Village. On the front of the stone tablet is written the three Chinese characters "Puji Bridge". Its font is magnificent and rare in the world. On the back of the stone tablet is engraved a poem of iron cable bridge:
As soon as the ice layer opens, people panic and travel is blocked every spring and autumn.
Looking at Heyuan to Mayi in the west and Yanjing Mountains in the east.
The cliff is steep and the chain is empty.
Step by step, the beam is painless, and later * * * said that the risk is flat.
Li died of illness at the age of 74. The funeral spread to the Forbidden City. Xuan Tong, the last abdicated emperor of the Qing Dynasty, expressed his condolences and gave Guo Xiang a posthumous gift. The tomb is located in the north of Dawang Village, where stone animals and inscriptions coexist. After Li resigned and returned, he was fair, took care of the elderly and the poor, and was very popular with the local people. Up to now, people in Yanggao County and datong county often tell stories of "six great men" who studied hard, tried their best to judge corrupt officials, and saved the people. During their stay in Tomb-Sweeping Day, people often go to the cemetery to offer sacrifices.
Li Pingsheng amuses himself with calligraphy and poetry, and has written books such as My Views on the Government, Poems in the Cottage in the Clouds, and Records of Scholars of Jiangzuo School. The manuscripts of the first two books and the printed copies of the last few books are kept in Shanxi Provincial Library.
Zheng Guangzu
Zheng Guangzu, whose real name is Dehui, was born in Xiangling, Pingyang (now Xiangfen County, Shanxi Province), and his date of birth and death is unknown. He was a well-known composer of zaju Sanqu in Yuan Dynasty, as well as Guan Hanqing, Ma Zhiyuan and Bai Pu, and was regarded as one of the four major zaju writers in Yuan Dynasty.
There are not many records about Zheng Guangzu's life story. From Zhong Sicheng's Ghost Record, we know that he studied Confucianism in his early years, and later awarded Hangzhou Dao as an official, so he lived in the south. He is "honest" and is not good at interacting with officialdom figures. Therefore, officialdom officials look down on him. It is conceivable that his political career is very difficult. The beautiful scenery of Hangzhou and the actresses there constantly aroused his feelings. He was originally gifted in literature, which led him to start the creation of zaju.
According to the research of scholars in the field of literature and drama, Zheng Guangzu wrote 18 kinds of drama scripts in his life, all of which have been preserved to this day, including Lost Soul, Sweet Grass Deceiving Hanlin, Wang Candeng, Drunk in His Hometown, Assisting the Duke of Zhou in Power, and Lu Bu in Hulao Pass's Three Wars, etc.
From these preserved plays, we can see that his plays have two themes, one is the love story of young men and women, and the other is the historical story. This shows that he doesn't dare to face and expose reality like Guan Hanqing, and the theme of his plays is far from reality. He wrote the play out of artistic needs, not political needs.
Among the plays with the theme of describing the love story of young men and women, Lost in Soul is his masterpiece. The script is adapted from the novel Away from the Soul written by Chen in Tang Dynasty. The general plot is: Wang Wenju, a scholar, married a thousand girls, and Wang Wenju's parents died young, so the mother of a thousand girls had a plan to break her word, and she wanted to get rid of this marriage on the pretext that Wang Wenju could not get married until she was admitted to Jinshi. Unexpectedly, Qiannv is very loyal to love, so she went to Wang Wenju to take the exam. After parting with Liu Ting, her soul left her original body for missing Wang Wenju and went to Beijing with Wang Wenju. However, Wang Wenju didn't know that it was the soul of Qiannv who was with him. He thought it was Qiannv who went to Beijing with him. Therefore, when he won the first prize, three years later, he was going to leave Beijing to be an official and visit his mother-in-law. He first wrote a letter to tell Qian Qian's parents. Wang Wenju came to Qian Qian with her soul. Her soul and body were reunited, and a loving couple reunited.
The whole play depicts the image and character of a beautiful girl who pursues marital autonomy and is loyal to love. In marriage, never be easily pushed around. When her mother wanted to break her promise and asked her to be commensurate with Wang Wenju's brother and sister, she saw through her mother's intention at a glance and expressed her firm opposition. When Qiannv's soul left her body and followed Wang Wenju to Beijing, Wang Wenju thought Qiannv had come by herself. At first, she said that she was afraid that thousands of female mothers would know and advised her to go back. The lover boldly said, "What if he catches up with us?" As the saying goes, don't be afraid! "Wang Wenju discouraged her from working and taught her ethics, saying that" if you hire a wife, you run away, you will be a concubine "and that she" came here without permission, which is immoral ". Qiannv said more firmly: "Your anger is getting bigger and bigger, so I won't go home. My true feelings, not for teasing, have been confirmed. "This shows her resistance and contempt for feudal ethics.
Zheng Guangzu successfully created a girl who is faithful to love and sincere and passionate in The West Chamber, which makes this play comparable to The West Chamber. It is precisely because of this that Zheng Guangzu is "famous all over the world, sounding like a boudoir". Zheng Guangzu's historical plays are not as attractive as his love plays, but he is unique in describing the inner activities of characters.
Although Wang's story and structure are not satisfactory, the lyrics and songs are beautiful, but the description of the characters' emotions is quite clever. Amin dynasty, think Zheng Guangzu yuanqu above Guan Hanqing, Ma Zhiyuan, Bai Pu, he said; "Wang Can climbed the stairs for the second time, imitating his lofty aspirations, generous words and refreshing spirit. After that, "Yaoshan Song" and "December" were especially wonderful. If you are a fat man, you can get a glimpse of it. " Sister Liu also said that these lyrics "show homesickness and indignation, sincere feelings, lofty image and handsome language, which can set off the mood of the characters at that time."
Zheng Guangzu was engaged in the creation of zaju all his life, and devoted all his talents to this folk art, which enjoyed a high reputation in the art world at that time. The actors all respect him as Mr. Zheng Lao, and his works have had a wide influence among the people through the spread of many actors. He is closely related to the actors in Suzhou and Hangzhou. After his death, Huo Ling was cremated in Lingyin Temple.
Besides zaju, Zheng Guangzu also wrote some words, including six poems and two songs. The contents of these Sanqu include the praise of Tao Yuanming, the expression of feelings, the yearning for hometown and the description of the lotus pond mountains and rivers in the south of the Yangtze River. No matter the scenery is lyrical, it is fresh, smooth and charming, which is of great value in literary and artistic research.
Like many great artists, although their works have been circulated for centuries, their own life experiences are little known. The same is true of Zheng Guangzu, who worked silently in the art garden, dedicated his artistic achievements to the people and passed away silently.
liu zongyuan
Liu Zongyuan was born in Hedong (now yongji city) in Tang Dynasty. Dai Zongda was born in Chang 'an, the capital in the eighth year of Dali (773) and died in Liuzhou in the fourteenth year of Xian Zongyuan (8 19). A generation of famous writers and thinkers, under 50 years old. Because he was from Hedong, he was finally appointed as the secretariat of Liuzhou, so he was called or Liu Liuzhou.
Liu Jia, Xue and Pei are also called "Hedong Three Surnames". Liu Zongyuan's eighth to sixth ancestors were court officials, and the fifth ancestor was the secretariat of Sizhou. After entering the Tang Dynasty, the Liu family had a close relationship with the Li royal family. During the reign alone, there were as many as 22 members of the Liu family living in Guanshushu Province. However, during the Yonghui period, the Liu family was repeatedly persecuted by Wu Zetian. By the time Liu Zongyuan was born, his family had declined, from the privileged position of royalty to the ordinary bureaucratic landlord class. Liu Zongyuan's great-grandfather and grandfather were just small officials like county magistrates. His father, Jin Ryu, has always had a low rank. Liu Zongyuan said with emotion that by his generation, Liu had "studied for nothing since May and June". The Anshi Rebellion caused another great impact on the Liu family. During the war, Jin Ryu sent his mother to the King of Wu for refuge, and she and her family fled to Wudi. In the south, it was once hard to make a living, and sometimes there was no salary. Liu Zongyuan's mother often starves herself to feed her children. Liu Zongyuan was born after the Anshi Rebellion, and his childhood was spent in poverty and hardship. When Liu Zongyuan was nine years old, another large-scale separatist war broke out, which made Liu Zongyuan's family suffer from war again. Liu Zongyuan grew up in turbulent times. He had a certain understanding of the people's sufferings and social reality since he was a teenager, which influenced his later literary and ideological achievements.
In the spring of the ninth year of Zhenyuan (793), 20-year-old Liu Zongyuan was admitted to the earth in the senior high school entrance examination, and at the same time, his good friend Liu Yuxi was also admitted to the earth. In the twelfth year of Zhenyuan (796), Liu Zongyuan was appointed as the secretary of the provincial school, which was regarded as stepping into the officialdom. This year, he married Yang Ping's daughter in Chang 'an. Two years later, he learned a lot of words and changed it to the orthography of Jixian Temple Academy, which allowed him to read widely and broaden his horizons. At the same time, he began to contact courtiers and bureaucrats, understand the situation of officialdom, care about and participate in politics. In the first year of Jixian Temple Academy, he wrote "Love Monument in Yangcheng, Ye Si, Guo Yi" and praised Dr. Yangcheng who had the courage to stick to his own opinions on major political affairs. In the second year, I wrote "Debate and Invasion", which showed my strong desire to persist in unity and oppose separatism.
In the seventeenth year of Zhenyuan (80 1), Liu Zongyuan was transferred to Lantian Wei, and two years later, he was transferred back to Chang 'an as the supervisor of Shiyu Li Xing. At that time, he was 3 1 year old and was an official with Han Yu. Although his rank is very low, his authority is no less than that of Shi Yu. Since then, he has made more friends with the upper echelons of officialdom, gained a deeper understanding of the dark corruption of politics, and gradually sprouted a desire for reform.
Wang He and Wang Yong Zhenguan's political reform failed only for half a year, but it was a progressive movement that shook the whole country. The measures taken dealt a blow to the autocratic eunuchs and the separatist forces in the buffer region at that time, benefiting the country and the people and conforming to the historical development. Liu Zongyuan and his good friend Liu Yuxi are the core figures of this innovation. They are called "Two Kings Liu Liu". Young Liu Zongyuan had a sharp struggle with eunuchs, aristocratic families and old bureaucrats on the political stage. His innovation and spirit of struggle are very valuable.
With the downfall of Shunzong, Xian Zong came to power, and the innovation failed, the reformists such as "Two Kings Liu Liu" were immediately demoted. In August, Xianzong ascended the throne, and in September, Liu Zongyuan was demoted as the secretariat of Shaozhou (now Shaoyang City, Hunan Province) and Sima of Yongzhou (now Lingling City, Hunan Province). This time, seven people were demoted to Sima at the same time, so history called this incident "two kings and eight Sima events."
Yongzhou is located at the junction of Hunan and Guangdong. It was lonely at that time. It was a terrible place with few people. Liu Zongyuan went to Yongzhou with his 67-year-old mother, cousin Liu Zongzhi and cousin Lu Zun. After they arrived in Yongzhou, they didn't even have a place to live. Later, with the help of a monk, they boarded in longxing temple. Because of the hard life, his mother Lushi died before he arrived in Yongzhou for half a year.
After Liu Zongyuan was demoted, his political opponents still refused to let him go. Gossip and personal attacks turned him into a "strange man", and after several years, he kept cursing. This shows the extent to which conservatives dislike him. In Yongzhou, cruel political persecution and hard living environment made Liu Zongyuan sad, angry, depressed and miserable. Coupled with several ruthless fires, his health was seriously damaged, even to the point where his knees trembled when he walked, but he was paralyzed as soon as he sat down. Liu Zongyuan's political ideal was not shaken by all kinds of persecution and hardships he suffered in his relegation career. In his letter, he clearly stated: "Although everything is excluded, it is nothing more than this."
The fall of Yongzhou 10 year was a major turning point in Liu Zongyuan's life. When he was in Beijing, he directly engaged in innovative activities. After arriving in Yongzhou, his struggle turned to the ideological and cultural field. Ten years in Yongzhou is a decade in which he continued to struggle. He has extensively studied some important issues in philosophy, politics, history and literature since ancient times, and has written articles and books. Most of his masterpieces, such as Feudalism, Unofficial Dialect, Heaven Pair and Six Contradictions, were completed in Yongzhou.
In the first month of the 10th year of Yuanhe (8 15), Liu Zongyuan and Liu Yuxi were recalled to Beijing. But it has not been reused. Due to hatred of Wu and others, he went to Chang 'an in February and announced his demotion in March. Liu Zongyuan was demoted as the secretariat of Liuzhou (now Liuzhou, Guangxi), and Liu Yuxi was the secretariat of Bozhou. Although it was promoted from Sima to the secretariat, the demoted place was far more secluded and difficult than before. Liu Zongyuan thought Bozhou was more difficult than Liuzhou, and Liu Yuxi had an 80-year-old mother to take care of, so he wrote to the court several times and asked for an exchange with Liu Yuxi. Later, because someone helped, Liu Yuxi changed to Lianzhou and Liu Zongyuan went to Liuzhou.
Liuzhou is farther from the capital Chang 'an than Yongzhou, and it is even more backward and desolate. Most of the residents are ethnic minorities, living in extreme poverty, and their customs and habits are quite different from those of the Central Plains. When Liu Zongyuan first came here, he didn't understand the language and everything was uncomfortable, but he was still determined to use the limited strength of the Secretariat to continue to carry out reforms in this place and do something good for the local people.
In Liuzhou, Liu Zongyuan was determined to abolish the cruel habit of "taking money from men and women as ransom from time to time, and if the child is like this, he will not be a handmaiden", and formulated a set of measures to release the handmaid, stipulating that the slave can calculate his salary by time, restore his personal freedom after paying off his debts, and go home to reunite with his relatives. This move was welcomed by the poor and was later extended to counties outside Liuzhou. In view of the local people's superstitious and backward customs, Liu Zongyuan prohibited Jianghu witch doctors from defrauding people. Organize the development of cultural and educational undertakings, set up schools and popularize medicine, so that Liuzhou, which has never dared to drill wells, has successively drilled several wells and solved the drinking water problem. There are many wasteland in Liuzhou, and Liu Zongyuan organized idle labor to reclaim it. Only one reclaimed wasteland in Dayun Temple has planted 30,000 bamboo poles and hundreds of beds of vegetables. He also attaches importance to tree planting and participates in tree planting activities in person.
In four years, Liu Zongyuan carried out some reforms within the scope of his authority, which benefited one party and actually carried out the reform of the king in some areas.
The long-term relegation career, the hardships of life and the mental torture have made Liu Zongyuan's health worse and worse, and he is really old before he is old. His good friend Wu Wuling ran to the door of Pei Du, the ruling minister, many times, trying to save him from Liuzhou to Beijing. Pei Du and Liu Zongyuan are from Hedong. In the fourteenth year of Yuanhe, Xian Zong was pardoned for his honorific title. After Pei Du interceded, Xianzong agreed to remove Liu Zongyuan. However, it is too late. Before the imperial edict arrived in Liuzhou, Liu Zongyuan died with a cavity of grief and indignation at the age of 47. Before his death, Liu Zongyuan wrote to his good friend Liu Yuxi and left the manuscript to him. Later, Liu Yuxi compiled the Collection of Liu Zongyuan.
Although he lived less than 50 years old, Liu Zongyuan made brilliant achievements in literature, and made outstanding contributions in poetry, ci fu, prose, travel notes, fables, novels, prose, literary theory and so on.
There are more than 140 poems written by Liu Zongyuan, which is one of the few in the Tang Dynasty, but many of them have been handed down from generation to generation. On the basis of his unique life experience, thoughts and feelings, he drew lessons from the artistic experience of his predecessors, exerted his creative talent, created a unique artistic style, and became an outstanding poet representing one school at that time. Su Shi commented: "It is expensive to dry the cream outside, which seems as light as beauty and as deep as thick." Juxtapose Liu Zongyuan and Tao Yuanming. Liu Zongyuan's existing poems are mostly works after being relegated to Yongzhou, with a wide range of themes and diverse genres. His narrative poems are simple in writing and vivid in description, and his allegorical poems are vivid in image and profound in meaning. Lyrics are better at expressing their feelings euphemistically and profoundly with fresh and cool writing. No matter what genre it is, it is meticulously written and has a long lasting appeal. It shows extremely deep feelings in a simple style and presents a unique look. Because he is a poet who cares about reality and sympathizes with the people, he can write poems with social significance and artistic value no matter what theme he writes.
Yan Yu, a poet in the Song Dynasty, said: "In the Tang Dynasty, only thick sons got the Sao school." This theory is very pertinent. Liu Zongyuan inherited and carried forward the tradition of Qu Yuan's Ci and Fu. His ci and fu not only used the traditional form, but also inherited the spirit of Qu Yuan. This may be because although they are separated by thousands of years, they are similar in thought, experience, ambition and personality. "Old Tang Book" said that Liu Zongyuan was "a fugitive with a bumpy life (family B). There are dozens of essays that express the sorrow of poets, write emotional narratives, and the emotions must be in the words, and the visitors are all sorrowful. " How similar it is to Qu Yuan's Ci and Fu. Liu Zongyuan's "Nine Poems" and "Ten Sao Poems" are really excellent works in the prose literature of the Tang Dynasty. Whether focusing on expressing feelings or reciting things, they are sincere and rich in content.
Liu Zongyuan's prose is as famous as Han Yu's, and he is also called "Tang Jia Ba Jie" with Liu Han, Ouyang Xiu and Su Shi in the Song Dynasty. He is the most outstanding essayist in the history of China. In the middle Tang Dynasty, Liu Zongyuan and Han Yu initiated and led an ancient prose movement in the literary world. They put forward a series of ideological theories and literary ideas. In the content of the article, in view of the shortcomings of parallel prose, such as not paying attention to content and emptiness, this paper puts forward "the unity of literature and Taoism" and "the unity of literature and Taoism" The article demands to reflect the reality, and "injustice will sound", which is full of critical spirit to get rid of the disadvantages of the times. In the form of the article, it is proposed to innovate the style, break through the shackles of parallel prose, and the sentence length is not limited, requiring innovative language to "speak out" and "speak out". In addition, it is also pointed out that "stand up" first and then "stand up". This is a progressive literary proposition. In their creative practice, Han and Liu created many excellent essays with rich content, skillful skills and concise and vivid language. Liu Han's ancient prose movement has a far-reaching influence on later generations.