The spring song floats on the back of the ox
The magpie’s tongue reports the gospel
Spring comes early if people are diligent
The ox grows fatter when the grass grows
The cuckoo cries to welcome the spring
The morning glory welcomes the blessing
The grass is green and the yellow cattle lie down
The pines are green and the white cranes perch
Chou Shichun comes to the house
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The year of the ox brings good fortune
Spring comes and purple swallows dance
The oxen are busy during the festival
Generals love war horses
Farmers like oxen
The Red Sun of Deep Grace
The Loyal Old Ox
Spring arrives at home at the beginning of the year
Full blessings in the Year of the Ox
Celebrate New Year
Singing and herding cattle
Yellow cattle plowing green fields
Tiger roaring in green hills
Cows plowing green grassland
The magpie announces the auspicious year
The cows are blooming and the scenery is beautiful
The swallows dance in the sunny sky
The cow bells float on the green ridge
The swallows warm the spring breeze
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Morning glories announce the good news
Cuckoos urge spring
Warblers dance on the edge of the willows
Niu plows the grass in spring
Climb the road to wealth first when you are young
Go to a new level in the ugly year
A white-headed horse can know the road
Be willing to be a ruzi ox
There are few idle people in the sound of cuckoo
There are many spring songs in pastoral songs
Kawahara butterflies dance gracefully
The cattle farmers in the fields are busy
Every farmer who has cattle cultivates the land
There is joy everywhere in China
Every household hates big rats
Everyone loves old cattle
The flowers are blooming and the snow is gone on the left side of the river
Spring is here and cattle are busy
Flowers and trees are blooming in spring
Cattle and sheep get fat from grass
The winter plum blossoms are blooming and the snow is about to end
The spring water temperature rises and the cows are busy
Nianfeng Renshou Jiajiale
Plowing is everywhere in spring
Wuling warblers sing and swallows dance
Kiuzhou horses bray and oxen rejoice
New Year people sing praises of oxen
Poems of good years sing songs of white snow
A pastoral song spreads across the cow's back
The boundless willow green village head
Pigs and cattle fatten the family and increase happiness
Eat enough and clothe the people to be safe
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The cuckoo is singing and the cuckoo is busy
The morning glory is blooming and the morning glory is happy
Milk production is selfless and dedicated
To satisfy hunger, there is grass and joy in hard work
Spring comes to the world and the new swallows dance
The happy family is busy with iron oxen
Spring returns to the earth and the yellow ox leaps
The divine purple swallows in the world Fly
Say goodbye to the old and welcome the new, get rid of the rats
Enrich the people and strengthen the country and serve the oxen
Say goodbye to the rats and build warehouses to welcome the ripe rice
Hurry the oxen to rake The earth promotes a prosperous year
Green willows welcome the spring and thousands of miles of green
Yellow ox plowed the land and thousands of mountains of gold
Back then there were many bronze horses in Yudian
Today is spring The suburbs are full of iron oxen
The old rat hides its glorious career
The ugly old ox runs in the beautiful spring
The red plum blossoms are proud of the snow and thousands of doors are blessed
Herding cattle in the Biye will bring abundant crops
Oxen oxen eat grass and produce new milk
Purple swallows build small nests with mud in their mouths
Oxen oxen lick their calves in the grassland
Purple swallows nest in the apricot flower sky
Cow painting in the loess field
Purple swallows chant poems in the spring garden
Cocoon flowers bloom and the mountains are green
A song floats from the back of the ox
People from Jinguang Avenue urge their horses
Loess Gaopokou shouts to the ox
The golden ox blooms and the harvest scene
A magpie brings happiness in spring
A gentleman cannot bear hearing this <
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The cook Ding is good at understanding everything
You can dye and paint cows and cows to get grass
Beihong let the horse and horse whip up
The old cow is exhausted The loyal heart is here
The old man with lofty ideals is old and brave
The spring scenery is beautiful in the pastures
The laughter in the cowherd song is sweet
The shepherd boy cow Carrying Chunxiang Road
A wanderer dreaming of a drunken hometown
A bull galloping and a horse leaping thousands of miles
The phoenix dancing and the dragon flying up to the sky
The bull whip is used as a pen. New sentence
Birds sing and sing to report the gospel
The cattle plow the fertile fields and the fields are beautiful
The man is worthy of his full age and the prosperity is prosperous
The cattle plow the fertile fields and the fields are beautiful The border is green
The magpies are noisy and the red plum blossoms are thousands of red
The cows plow the fertile fields and thousands of mountains are smiling
The snow reflects the fragrance of the red plum trees in the small courtyard
The Cowherd never tires of the vastness of the Milky Way
The Weaver Girl only seeks happiness in the world
The Cowherd plays the flute to welcome the Spring Festival
The Goddess scatters flowers and blessings picture
The cow controls the universe and the spring is mighty
When people are happy, they are full of joy
People are diligent and thousands of rivers are green
The cow is full of energy and the hooves are yellow
Characters The romantic heart is towards the party
The cattle work diligently to cultivate the fields
The beautiful scenery in the three springs is not ugly
The four modernizations encourage everyone to imitate the cattle
There is beauty everywhere in China
Farmers welcome the spring when they have cows
The rat reports a safe return to the jade world
The cow follows Ji Rui to heaven
A hamster that does not become an official in the Year of the Rat
Being a ruthless ox in the Year of the Ox
The Year of the Rat is a shocking song
The Year of the Ox welcomes a moving poem
The rat has gone and the ox has come to bid farewell to the old year
The dragon and the phoenix dance to celebrate the new year
The rat has gone and the ox has come to hear the roar of the tiger
The people are prosperous and the country is prosperous
The rats are gone and the cows are coming to enjoy the great governance
The dragon is soaring and the tiger is leaping into the new journey
Several willow flutes are floating on the cow's back
Infinite spring light is shining on the horse's hooves
New tunes conveyed by several shepherd's flutes
Plowing in the four fields to try out early spring
The iron ox gasps, the moon is flat and the green is flat
The ground is red with red flags whistling in the wind
The iron ox dragged out a mountain of treasures
The cocooned hands dug out gold everywhere
Serve the people as a scalper
Serve the country and strengthen the heart of a pure child
Tian Wenqing rides his horse without permission
I would like to hear that I ride an ox again
After writing the word "Fu" and tracing the word "Spring"
Welcome the golden ox and buy the iron ox
Happy New Year and sing the Ode to the Ox
The small courtyard frequently hears magpie songs
The New Year is the time to sing the Ode to the Ox
The rising sun hangs high at the door to wealth
The new village is happy for the iron ox to arrive
The farmhouse smiles and looks at the flying swallows in spring
The cattle will get grass in the happy year
The horses on the boundless road are raising their hooves
The Jade Rat returns to the palace to convey the good news
The Taurus is full of spring tide
The jade bowl produces radiant amber
The Taurus shines like the stars
The pigs will be fattened and the cows will be strong and the family will be happy
The swallows are dancing and the orioles are singing, and spring is everywhere
The son has gone from being ugly to being beautiful
The rat has returned to the cow and is competing for glory
Be sincere and happy to do things in the world
Hold your head and be willing to be a oxen
Stand up and bravely destroy the official hamster
Hold your head and be a oxen
I don’t know how to ask, I only know how to give
Don’t ask about the harvest, but ask about the hard work
Eliminate rats, eliminate disasters, provide food and enrich life
Raise cattle to make the country rich and the family prosperous
I like to watch the orioles singing and dancing on the earth
Welcoming the farmhouse horses and cattle with joy
Returning to the mountain village after the end of spring adds joy
The cattle are fat and the horses are strong and the doors are bathed in the spring breeze
The rat is gone and the cow is coming, and the yuan is happy again
The spring will be beautiful and everything will be renewed
The magpies will be blooming and hundreds of people will welcome the festival
Golden Ox Presents Rui Wanli smiles in the spring breeze
Happy words: In the year of the rat, there will be a bumper harvest and everyone will be happy
A song praising every wealthy household in the Year of the Ox
The market is prosperous and welcomes victory in the Year of the Rat
New Year's Day Longevity for Mr. Haiyue
Festival number Changchun poems and books are passed down from generation to generation, and the sound of the elders inspires reading orioles, flowers, heaven and earth spring
In the cold snow and plum blossoms, the clear stream chants the elegant rhyme and the world is full of clouds and colorful sky. Full of auspiciousness
The spring breeze returns to the willows, the bright moon sprinkles the spring glory, the abundant snow brings flowers, and the earth is filled with spring light
The earth spring comes and early spring is the beginning of the year. The cold leaves the grass, and the bamboo poems are green and green
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Many plum blossoms fall from the farmhouse before spring comes. The reddest plum blossoms are painted with fragrance
The beautiful red mountains and rivers in the snow, the sun shines through the autumn, the forest, the brilliant light moves the bamboo shadows and shakes the wind and rain
The years between flowers, the new China, the eternal spring, the auspiciousness of the world, the flower stream enters the painting
The winter plum blossoms are blooming due to the snow, the warm day is opened, the wine is drunk, the family is taking photos, and the spring tune is played
Flying swallows are spring Returning birds sing the New Year song and sing the blessing song of Three Cups of River Red
The spring land is heroic, the spring light is warm, the six spring days are prosperous, and the three spring scenes
The Qiankun Nylon Spring Kyushu Weather, the New Three Suns, are safe and peaceful. Two Words of Gold
The cold wind goes away with the year and spring comes. The road to reform will be safe every day, and hard work will lead to wealth
Virtue and governance will accompany spring, flowers will flourish, and branches of democracy will bring happiness and harmony every year, which will bring wealth
The courtyard is full of auspiciousness in the new year, the sun and the moon are shining brightly, and the sun is shining brightly. Gentlemen's Road
The family is happy and happy, the doors and windows are full of joy, the sky is full of joy, and the sky is auspicious to everyone
The clouds are brilliant. Spring is coming, in the auspicious snow, the wind and snow are shaking, sending away the cold and remaining snow
The plum willows are moving in the spring breeze, people are painting the Chinese sun and moon to welcome the new year, and the plum blossoms are new early
Jimen Zhantai has three suns in the morning The wealth of Linji is connected to the world, and the jade hall is full of auspiciousness
In the benevolence, there are many springs, five blessings, and the Huamen is full of spring scenery. The golden room shines with auspicious light
The small universe in the house and the big drum urge the poor to get rid of the blessings At the same time, *** Caihua House Huishengbi
The eaves are low, the sun and the moon are long, the golden lion brings rich people, and everything is spring and green mountains to the door
The willow flute passes through the forest and the fragrance of fish floats thousands of miles away. A sail of clouds accompanies the light boat soaring over the huge waves
The fishing song rides on the waves and the red sun reflects thousands of sails thousands of miles away. The moon phase follows the fishing season and the spring breeze
The horse gallops thousands of miles and the clouds add beauty to the mountains. The sea is vast and the fish jumps in writing. Draw a grand picture
The east wind is warm, thousands of rivers and seas are full of spring tides, the sky is high, birds are flying, and the spring and autumn are written in thick ink
The sky increases, the years and years, the life of the world, the spring is dyed, the spring blooms, and things bloom like Kyushu flowers like brocade
The world is full of happiness, the world is happy and harmonious, the sun is shining, the sky is new, and the sea is singing like tides
The green pines stand in the wind, the good days meet the snow, the dawn rises, the green mountains show the spring breeze, and the green fields
The auspicious atmosphere of the red plum fight with the snow opens, the spring light, the spring glory, the green trees, the delicate rain wakes up the red plums
The spring breeze soothes the frozen willows, and the winter leaves with the good news, the auspicious snow dances all over the sky, and the business spring grass
The auspicious snow heralds a good harvest In the spring of the year, the triumphant song comes and the red plum blossoms are intended to open up the spring after the rain
The rooster crows, thousands of households are dawning, the smoke willows are dawning, and the thousands of homes are dawning. The pine trees shake thousands of feet of snow, spring encourages the willow green
The crane dances, and the spring breeze is full of thyme. Bamboo shakes a window, autumn flowers bring new scenery to the mountains and rivers
The auspicious smoke of the nine suns celebrates the opening of the three suns, the heaven and earth add spring colors, the sun and the moon open a new era
The beautiful atmosphere of thousands of mountains blends with joy, and everything is renewed on a day of renewal The moon increases the brightness of the countryside and enters the painting
The dragon sings about the prosperous age, the thunder and the dragon rises to stabilize the people and the happy government, and the blessings of thousands of families
The swallows dance and chant the sun, the spring is warm, the swallows hold the mud, unite the adults and thousands of households in spring
The east wind welcomes the new year, the red plum blossoms announce spring in the early morning, the plum blossoms are cold, the proud flowers bloom, and the spring is prosperous
The auspicious snow heralds a good year, magpies climb the branches, the wind warms the grass, and the fragrant bamboo announces the new year's peace
The infinite good people in the country follow the spring mood and the Taijiuzhou unites. The snow and the new rain fall
The motherland’s eternal spring event ***Zhuanghuai becomes both sides of the Taiwan Strait***Thousands of spring breezes bring early spring
Every day The red sun rises from the forest and the sea, the sunshine condenses on the earth, and the people of the land are eager to serve the country
There is no place without spring breeze, spring light, chasing the sound of birds, spring scenery
Entering a house and welcoming the spring with joy
The spring breeze from all over the world adds to the painting, the door adds auspicious mist, the spring breeze and the new swallows
The Kyushu calendar and the long years add poetry and sentiment, and each household is built with civilization and the fragrant moon is ancient. Plum Blossoms
People display Kunpengzhi, Jiumo, even lamps and shadows, Anbang is prosperous in the century, and the three mountains are beautiful.
The country presents dragons and tigers, and thousands of gates celebrate the moonlight. National Day, Changchun, and spring scenery all over the world
The fragrance of plums urges the wax to go away, and the auspicious snow fills the sky. Dancing in the snow, the mountains and rivers are filled with beautiful red osmanthus and thousands of miles of fragrance.
The swallow wings carry the spring and the red plum blossoms are blooming among the years. New pines and cypresses are evergreen
Spring couplets shine in spring and the east wind spreads purple. The air is sweet, the orchids are blooming, the snow is in the white plum blossoms
Good news spreads the good news, the earth is full of spring breeze, peaches and plums are fragrant, spring is returning, willows are green
The green mountains are covered with brocade, bamboos are sparse and the smoke is dense, the sun rises and the forest sea celebrates the new year. Beginning
The green water overflows with spring, the plum blossoms are thin and the snow adds fat, the spring light chases the sound of birds, and wishes the great cause to be finally completed
The Kyushu brings good fortune, the silver snake soars, the auspicious snow, the clouds rise to the sea, and the distant mountains contain purple air
Happy spring, horse dancing, east wind, plum willows crossing the river, spring fragrance, trees blooming with spring glory
Green hills add beauty, Kyushu brings auspiciousness, rivers and mountains add beauty, Chinese language, spring beauty
Blue sea Thousands of households are reporting a new spring, ***Changchun is auspicious and the purple clouds are high
The people rush to the well-off road, spring comes and thousands of doors prosper, and the country is prosperous. Diligence is a money tree due to reform
The country achieves great governance Flowers bloom every year and thousands of households become rich, hard work and frugality become a cornucopia
Hard work brings happiness to good times, good days every year, peace and stability in Qianjiale
Technology brings wealth to the new year, and every year brings a new life. The fragrance of hard work
The wind reads the rhyme of bamboo, the spring water sings the rhyme of the piano, and the returning plum blossoms and bamboos are in beautiful colors
The shadow of the moon writes the traces of plum blossoms, and the people are happy. New flowers are planted in front of the hall to send good news
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The sun and the moon shine brilliantly, and the song of nostalgia wins the year. The peace, the true wealth, the colorful knot and the word Yichun
The spring spirit of the universe is strong, and the poems are written to praise the beauty of the new year. The clouds and books are great.
Mountains and rivers add beauty. The heroic spirit of heaven and earth, the good governance, the beautiful mountains and rivers, and the unification of the nine states
The earth bathes in the spring light, the mountains and rivers are mighty in spring, the clear sun and the moon are bright on both sides of the river *** Qianchun
The colorful earth, the good time meets the snow, the clear stream sings the elegant charm of the rivers and mountains Add beauty
The sky is full of flowers, the sky is auspicious, the spring light shines on the bright moon, and the earth changes into new clothes
Spring is the first year of the year. The pastoral is infinitely beautiful, the door is clear and the auspicious sun rises, the universe is beautiful
Plum blossoms account for hundreds of flowers, the mountains and rivers are exceptionally beautiful, and the family is prosperous and prosperous. Spring comes and the vegetation is beautiful
Proud and graceful, bright and bright. Red plums, green bamboos and green pines
White hair and a thousand-year-old red heart *** reflect the spring and autumn
p>White snow and red plum blossoms announce the good news, orioles and purple swallows welcome the spring
Hundreds of peanuts are fragrant and the four modernities are full of prancing horses and whips are raised
Hundreds of peanuts are fragrant and the four modernities are full of prancing horses competing for spring
>Hundreds of flowers welcome the spring and fight for glory for the country
Hundred flowers fight for the glory of the country in the spring
Hundred flowers fight for the glory of the country in the spring
Bai Lian sings the same song to the prosperous Jiuzhou *** to wish people well
The sound of firecrackers removes the old and renews the peach symbols from generation to generation
Beijing wins the Olympics and China succeeds
Blue Sea Cangshan Jade Yuyu, beautiful spring breeze and beautiful sun in China
Colored pen meticulously depicts the four modernizations with red hearts and skillfully embroiders the three spring seasons
Inheriting the past and the bottom to explore aspirations and draw a picture of the revitalization of the Spring and Autumn Period
Eliminating the old and worn-out customs Welcoming the new year and setting a new trend
Spring is everywhere, beautiful people are in love every year
Everywhere is singing, everywhere, every family is laughing and smiling
Everywhere is bright, beautiful mountains and rivers, every family is laughing and singing
p>
The red plum blossoms outside the window are the most beautiful, and the beautiful scenery in the heart is especially beautiful
Creating thousands of weather conditions to build two civilizations
Spring arrives in the green peach trees and the orioles sing in front of the green willow building
Spring comes to the Lotus Kingdom and blessings come in front of the willow gate
The spring breeze blows all over the world and the sun shines on the world
Spring breeze, spring rain, spring flowers, new year, new year, new scenery
Spring breeze, spring rain, spring scenery, new year, new year, new scenery
Spring breeze, spring rain, spring scenery
New year, new year, new wind
The spring breeze is fragrant, the birds are singing, the moon is singing at night, the music is rhyming and the music is playing
The spring light fills the earth, the colorful clouds reflect all over China
The spring comes, the birds sing, the flowers are fragrant, and the winter goes to the mountains and rivers. Show
Everyone is happy in spring, spring is everywhere in Lejiangshan
Spring fills the earth and the sun shines on the world
Spring attracts hundreds of flowers and brings blessings until life is prosperous
Spring weaves thousands of mountains and the brocade flags fly thousands of miles high
Happy days in Kyushu ***
Spring comes to all parts of the world in the new year
The country is stable and prosperous Unity
Family should be diligent and frugal
Harmony gathers wealth and gets rich
Loyalty and blessings Yongan
The first bloom of red plums and the second bloom of flowers
The wind from the east comes again
The tiger leaps and the dragon flies high
The flowers are bright and the willows are dark and the spring is thick
China's outstanding political figures
China's long-term peace and stability
Singing and laughing to bid farewell to the old
Firecrackers and lanterns to welcome the new
Fire trees and silver flowers in full bloom
Red plums and green willows in the new year
Congratulations to everyone on getting rich
Congratulations on good health to everyone
Spring is everywhere in the country
The motherland has a bright future
May I wish you good luck? Where to go
Everyone says that blessing comes from all living things
Thousands of families say goodbye to their old days today
Thousands of households will be renewed in the Ming Dynasty
Chunli on the road to development
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Reform brings flourishing flowers
Every house is full of sunshine and auspiciousness
A door of happiness, longevity and health
The mountains and green waters beside the door are beautiful
The birds are singing and the flowers are fragrant in the courtyard
The capable person is responsible for the blessing of the family
The winter plums bring prosperity every year
Thousands of villages sing together and the country is prosperous
All people* **Celebrate a good harvest
People are diligent and animals are prosperous
Wisdom is abundant and grains are abundant
The sun is bright, the wind is gentle and the rain is moist
The dragon is soaring and the tiger is flying over the clouds
The mountains are green and thousands of peaks are green
The water is clear and hundreds of boats are competing for the flow
The mountains are green and the water is beautiful and spring is beautiful
The flowers are beautiful and the moon is full and the valley is fragrant
The Spring Breeze of China
The great achievements of the prosperous age
Everything is as happy as you want
Every family is comfortable and happy
The water is beautiful and the mountains are youthful and beautiful
The moon is full, the flowers are fragrant
Everyone enjoys the festival
Spring is everywhere in the country
New Year, New Light and New Scenery
Spring breeze, spring rain, spring flowers
The beautiful mountains and clear waters of the motherland
China’s outstanding people
Everyone is happy and singing everywhere
Every family is happy Laughing all over the sky
The spring is warm and the sun is shining
The country is prosperous and the people are safe
Praising Xuanyuan’s merits
Carrying forward the national spirit
Thousands of horses galloping to celebrate the new year
Five sheep galloping to welcome the spring
Hanging fish will last forever
Taking bribes will last forever
Showing national characteristics
Carry forward the spirit of the times
Government benefits Kyushu auspiciousness
Humanity and universal peace
Spring flowers bloom
Taiwan Thousand layers of steaming leopard mist
Du Yu's spring dawn
The orioles are singing to welcome the new year
The peacock spreads its tail to announce the good news
The thrush sings to welcome the spring.
Standing on the hibernation and encountering the thunder, I am ready to be excited
The long-frozen roots and the return of spring
The frost sends dawn and the cold invades the quilt
The rhyme of pen and ink Welcome the morning
The Panasonic Qingqin and the bright moon
Lace and good bird spring breeze
The Taiyun frequent book is prosperous
The prosperous period brings good fortune
Celebrating the new year with joyous explosions
Red lights welcoming the spring
Dry rain silently moisturizing things
The gentle breeze welcomes the spring
There are bamboos and plum families
Half village and half house
Bamboo, dew, pine, wind and banana rain
Scholar with clear tea and music
Couplet It is a literary form that pays attention to rhythm. To appreciate and write couplets, you must
It is necessary to understand its basic metrical requirements. The so-called couplet rhythm (referred to as couplet rhythm) refers to some basic rules and formats for couplet writing, and its core requirement is antithesis. The basic rhythm of couplets can be summarized into six elements and six taboos.
It is generally believed that the six basic metrical elements of couplets are: equal number of words, related content, equal parts of speech, proportional structure, corresponding rhythm, and harmony between oblique and oblique. The author believes that these six elements can be understood from three aspects: basics, grammar, and rhythm:
1. The number of words is equal and the content is related
These are the two foundations of couplet rhythm. elements. The equal number of words means that if the upper line is composed of several clauses, the second line should also be composed of several clauses with the same number of words. In short, if the number of words cannot be equal, then it cannot be called a veritable couplet in any case.
From the content point of view, the content between the upper and lower lines should be related to achieve opposite or complementary effects. This relationship either reflects and complements each other from the same perspective, which is the so-called "opposition"; or it contrasts and contrasts with each other from the opposite perspective, which is the so-called "opposition". For example:
The awakening and conduct are perfect; the merits are solemn. (Opposite)
A calm mind accumulates blessings; a desire to bring disaster again. (Objection)
There are also a few couplets where the upper and lower couplets are connected to each other, which are the so-called "string pairs" or "running pairs". For example:
In addition to sweet, bitter, spicy, salty and sour;
It is nothing more than firewood, rice, oil, salt, sauce, vinegar and tea.
If the contents of the upper and lower couplets are irrelevant, it will make people feel very awkward and stiff, and it will not achieve the literary effect that the couplet should have, and it cannot be called a qualified couplet. Of course, there is a special form of couplets, the so-called "merciless pairs". It refers to the fact that the upper and lower couplets are neatly contrasted in form (literally), but intentionally unrelated in content (meaning), thus creating a special effect. The ruthless pair mainly uses the formal characteristics of couplets (antagonism) to embody a kind of literary taste and technique, and its content is secondary. For example:
The flowers are blooming in front of the court;
Your Excellency, Mr. Li. (commonly used as a ruthless pair)
The tree is half dead and the ax is hanging;
As expected, it has nothing to do with it. (commonly used in ruthless pairs)
In short, equal number of words and relevant content are the minimum requirements for the form and content of couplets, which reflect the most basic correspondence and correlation, so the two are called the basis elements.
2. Equivalent parts of speech and proportional structure
These are the two grammatical elements of couplet rhythm, and they are also the two most critical elements. Equivalent parts of speech means that the properties of the words in the upper and lower couplets should be as identical or similar as possible. Such as noun to noun, verb to verb, etc. For example:
The five aggregates are all empty and the view is at ease;
See the Tathagata without any confusion.
In this couplet, "五" and "一" are both numbers, "Yun" and "心" are both nouns, "Ji" and "不" are both adverbs, "empty" and " "Chaos" are both adjectives, "Guan" and "See" are both verbs, and "Zizi" and "Tathagata" are both nominalized adjectives or verbs. Generally speaking, the requirements for function words are relatively loose, while the requirements for content words are stricter. In specific antithesis, in addition to the part of speech, the role of words in the sentence can also be appropriately considered. The requirements for modifying words are looser and the requirements for central words are stricter.
Structural compatibility means that the grammatical structure of the corresponding sentences in the upper and lower lines should be as similar as possible. For example:
Always endure humiliation with one heart;
Let everything happen as it happens.
Both the upper and lower couplets of this couplet have a subject-predicate-object structure. Among them, "one heart" and "all things" are both partial structures, and "endure" and "according to fate" are both verb-object structures.
3. The rhythms are corresponding, and the level and oblique are in harmony.
These are the two rhythmic elements of the couplet rhythm. Rhythm is originally a musical term, which refers to the regular alternating intensity, length and other phenomena in music.
In couplet law, it refers to the regular pause phenomenon in couplet sentences. Rhythm correspondence means that the rhythm pauses of the upper and lower couplets should be as consistent as possible. For example:
When the leakage is gone, fly away;
The heart is empty and return home.
Use magical power to protect the righteous Dharma;
Set up the Menglan basin to save relatives.
However, the author believes that rhythm can be divided into broad and narrow senses. Rhythm in a broad sense includes semantic rhythm and vocal rhythm. Rhythm in the narrow sense refers specifically to semantic rhythm. Semantic rhythm is mainly divided according to sentence structure, which refers to the pauses or breaks in syllables based on semantic meaning. Rhythm is viewed from the perspective of the tone requirements, which refers to the tone requirements at a certain position in the sentence (the tone arrangements). The author believes that in order to make the concept clear, it is best to express semantic rhythm and vocal rhythm as "rhythm" and "meter" respectively. Examples are as follows:
Hear the prophecy at the same time; obtain Bodhi in the next step. (Rhythm)
At the same time - listen and teach - record; sequentially - obtain Bodhi. (meter)
Of course, rhythm and meter are closely related, and the two are often consistent.
Harmony between levels and obliques, also known as coordination between levels and obliques. In a narrow sense, it refers to the two major requirements for the tones of couplets: the relative relationship between oblique obliques and the alternation of oblique obliques. Broadly speaking, it also includes other equivocal issues such as the arrangement of sentences and footings (see six taboos). The relative tone of flat and oblique means that between the steps of the upper and lower couplets and the foot of each clause, the flat tones should be opposite to the oblique tones, and the oblique tones should be to the flat tones. That is, if the first couplet has a flat tones, the second couplet must have a oblique tones, and vice versa. There is a saying about the arrangement of the steps that "one, three, and five are irrelevant, but two, four, and six are clear." This is because, in fact, it is not necessarily required that the entire steps are evenly relative to each other, as long as they can be evenly opposite to each other in the position of the steps. The so-called foot position refers to the last character of each foot, which is the key sound that determines the nature of the entire foot. Since most of the phonetic steps of Chinese characters are two-character steps, the phonetic steps generally refer to the second, fourth, and sixth characters of each sentence. Therefore, there is a saying that "one, three, and five are irrelevant, but two, four, and six are clear." For example:
Xinchi - there is something outside - the reality is lost - there is; in the body - in the air - not seen - empty.
○○ △△ △○ △ ○△ ○○ △△ ○(○ means flat tone, △ means oblique tone.)
In this couplet, the first 35 characters are not necessarily flat. Relatively speaking, characters 246 and 246 are all relatively flat. However, not all foot positions are in the 246 position, mainly due to the sentence pattern of couplets. In addition to the antithetical sentence patterns in rhymed poetry, there are also sentence patterns such as words, music, fu, parallel prose and even prose, as well as The use of collar words, proper nouns, etc. For example:
Build a mandala altar and practice Dharma;
Meditate at Alan Ruo.
A straight mind is the foundation of all actions;
Greed is the source of all suffering.
Study the Shingon teachings deeply and diligently;
Promote the Mahamudra method with all your strength.
The foot steps of the above couplets are not necessarily in the 246 position.
Alternation of oblique and oblique, which is actually two aspects of the same problem as opposed to oblique and oblique. It refers to the correspondence between oblique and oblique between the steps (or foot positions) of the sentences in the upper or lower couplet. Use alternately. Only between the foot of each clause and the previous sound step, the issue of alternation does not need to be considered. For example:
The true body has passed the mortal world; the wonderful method cannot be heard by Xiaozhi.
○ △ ○△ △ ○ △○ (the sound steps alternate, and the foot of the sentence also alternates with the previous sound step)
There is a true Buddha when you start with righteous faith; there is no devil if you go deep into your heart. .
△ ○ △△ ○ △ ○○ (the steps alternate, the foot of the sentence does not alternate with the previous step)
The requirements for coordination between oblique and oblique are not absolute. Sometimes, in order not to The law harms the meaning, and it can also be accommodated if there are certain places where Ping and Ze are wrong or Ping and C are not replaced.
When using special rhetorical techniques such as parallelism, rhyme, and quotation, and using fixed sentence patterns such as idioms and allusions, the metrical requirements on level and obliqueness can be appropriately relaxed.
Author: Feng Ruzun 2005-12-20 20:49 Reply to this statement
Author: Red Maple on the River 2006-11-1 14:33 Reply to this statement
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2 Reply: Couplets Knowledge Couplet Basic Rhythm Six elements and six taboos--Reprint from couplets
Six elements and six taboos of the basic rhythm of couplets (Part 2)
Author: Da Zhi Source of article: Internet
Some Lianjia take the equivalence of strength and weakness or the equivalence of concepts as one of the elements of the couplet rhythm, but the author thinks it is inappropriate. Because "equal strength and weakness" is just a further rhetorical requirement on the basis of relevant content. It means that the meaning of the contents of the upper and lower lines must basically match. The more they match, the more effective the contrast will be. If the upper link is too strong and the lower link is too weak, or if the lower link is too strong and the upper link is too weak, its symmetry will be affected. Therefore, strength and weakness mainly involve the issue of the width of the confrontation. Similarly, concept equivalence is just a further rhetorical requirement based on equivalence in parts of speech. It means that not only the parts of speech of the upper and lower couplets must be equivalent, but the concepts or meanings represented by the words must also be equivalent, and they must be as close or opposite as possible. This is only a matter of wide-ranging confrontation. If the two words in the upper and lower couplets belong to the same concept, the smaller the category, the more effective the contrast will be, and vice versa. For example: "China" and "rooster" have the same category as things; "xiaori" and "rooster" are reduced to natural objects; "grass" and "rooster" are reduced to living things; When "horse" is compared to "rooster", it is reduced to an animal; when "old duck" is compared to "rooster", it is reduced to birds or even poultry. Secondly, if the conceptual relationship between the two words in the upper and lower couplets is more contradictory (the so-called "contradictory concepts"), the more effective the contrast will be, such as "have" versus "nothing", "true" versus "false", "sheng" The pairs of "death", "wisdom" and "foolishness" are work pairs.
In short, the six elements of couplet rhythm are related to the issue of whether a couplet becomes a qualified couplet. In this regard, it is still necessary to further form a political understanding of the couplet world on the basis of full discussion and clearly define it.
The author believes that in addition to the above-mentioned six elements, there are also six more important taboos in the basic rhythm of couplets, that is, six situations that should be avoided as much as possible. They are briefly described as follows:
1. Avoid ending at the same time
This is in terms of the relationship between the clauses and sentences in the first or second line. For a couplet composed of multiple clauses, the arrangement of the footings of each clause can, strictly speaking, be governed by horse hoof rhyme. The so-called horse hoof rhyme refers to the flat and oblique arrangement of the feet of a sentence like the walking of a horse, with the back foot following the front foot prints. The flat format is: flat, flat, flat, flat, flat, flat, flat, flat, flat, flat, flat, flat. However, the author believes that starting from the current situation and development trend of couplets, taking into account the characteristics of the couplets that "the couplets have no final sentences and the sentences have no final characters", as well as the complexity of the couplet sentence pattern and other factors, the metrical requirements for the arrangement of the sentence feet are also "Don't settle with the same voice" can be the rule. To be more precise, this rule has two requirements: (1) If there are two to three clauses on each side, it is required that all clauses cannot end at the same time. (2) If there are more than four clauses on each side, it is required that each clause cannot be three consecutive sentences (exceptions can be made when connecting sentences and middle clauses) or three or more sentences can end at the same time. This kind of rule is concise and clear in theory and flexible in application. It not only embodies the combination of principle and theory, but also accommodates several major different opinions on the issue of equivalence of sentences and footings. Taking the top couplet of five sentences on each side as an example, according to the rules of "horse hoof rhyme", there are only two formal patterns: 仄仄平平仄 and 仄平平平仄 (when divided into paragraphs in the middle), and there is another type of 仄平平仄仄Variations, ***three formats.
According to the rule of "avoid ending with the same sound", then, 仄仄平仄, 仄平平仄 (when divided into paragraphs), 仄平平任仄, 任仄平任仄, 仄仄平仄, 任仄仄仄, 平平仄仄Eleven formats such as , 平平廄平廄, 平仄仄平廄, 平仄平平廄, 平仄平仄仄 are all qualified, and there is no need to distinguish between the regular case and the deformed case.
2. Avoid ending with the same sound
This is the relationship between the first couplet and the second couplet. To be more precise, this rule also has two requirements: (1) Regardless of the length of a couplet and the number of clauses, it is required that the first line of the couplet ends with a oblique tone, that is, the last word of the first couplet should be with an oblique tone; the second couplet is required to end with a level tone. Generally, the first line cannot end with a flat tone, and the second line cannot end with a flat tone. (2) The upper and lower couplets cannot end in the same tone, that is, the last character of the upper and lower couplets cannot both be in the oblique tone or the same tone.
3. Avoid three flat or three oblique tails
This refers to the last three words in a sentence, which should be avoided as much as possible. For example, "sitting on the lotus platform because of deep connections", if "sitting" is changed to "climbing", it becomes three flat tails. Another example is "One can enter the Tao by cultivating according to the law." If "can" is changed to "can", it will become a triple ending. There is no difference between three flat tails or three square tails in terms of flat and flat tails. In order to reflect the theoretical consistency, both should be regarded as taboos. You cannot only avoid three flat tails but not three square tails.
4. Avoid Gu Ping or Gu Ze
This means that in a five-character or six-character sentence, you should try to avoid having only one flat tone character or only one oblique tone character in the entire sentence. For example: "Everything goes as expected", if it is changed to "Everything goes as expected", it is Guping; another example: "Bodhi is ready at this moment", if it is changed to "Bodhi is perfected at this moment", it is Guqing. Here, the author will briefly discuss the Guping issue. The author believes that couplets do not have to completely follow traditional poetic rules. From the perspective of couplets, "in a five-character or six-character sentence, if there is only one flat tone, it is a solitary tone." This definition is more concise and reasonable. Because: First, this definition’s requirements for level and toe are generally looser, which is in line with the development trend of couplet rhythm. Secondly, according to the traditional poetry rhythm, the so-called Guping also requires the addition of sentence footings. However, there is a big difference between couplets and modern poetry, that is, the leveling requirements for the last characters (sentence footings) are different, and rhyme is not required, so in In the couplet, the last word (sentence foot) does not have to be marked separately. Third, from a literal perspective, Gu is one. If the literal meaning and actual meaning of Gu Ping are completely consistent, it will be helpful for understanding and operation. The solitary tone of traditional poetic rhythm is: in the sentence pattern of five-character flat-rise and seven-character straight-tone, except for the flat-tone characters in rhyme, if there is only one word in the sentence that is a flat-tone character, it is a "lone flat". This kind of definition, in fact, has fixed Gu Ping in one or two sentence patterns (specifically, the five-character "平平廄廄平" has become "廄平仄廄平", and the seven-character "廻仄平廄廄平" ” becomes “廄仄廄平廄廄平”, which is Guping). Therefore, the word Guping must be supplemented with additional explanations so that people can actually understand and operate it. Fourth, in terms of five-character couplets, if only "廄平廄廄平" is Guping, then let's take a look at "廻仄仄平廄" and compare the two formats. From the perspective of the rigidity and monotony of Pingchui, Which one is more rigid and monotonous? Fifth, modern poetry is mainly composed of five or seven words. Therefore, in six-character couplets, the concept of traditional poetic rhythm cannot be explained, and in six-character couplets, the phenomenon of solitary poetry may also exist. (