The key to abbreviation is to keep the main characters and the minor ones. You should make reasonable judgments about which ones should be deleted and which ones should be kept. Abbreviations must be made based on an understanding of the original text. Below is the method of abbreviation for primary school Chinese composition that I compiled for you. I hope it will be helpful to you. Welcome everyone to read and study for reference!
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1. How to abbreviate primary school Chinese compositions
1. Understand the original text and grasp the key points
Abbreviation must be done on the basis of understanding the original text. Before abbreviating, be sure to read the original text several times, and strive to read it thoroughly, understand it, and understand the main content such as time, place, people, as well as the cause, process, and result of the matter. Generally speaking, the main content is written in more detail, while the secondary content is written relatively briefly. While reading, use a pen to add appropriate annotations next to the key points, select the content that best expresses the center, and abbreviate it.
The description of the environment, appearance, etc. can be deleted directly, and the dialogue of the characters does not need to be described in detail. It can be summed up in general sentences.
2. Compare with the original text to retain the original meaning
After the abbreviation, compare it with the original text to see if it is consistent with the main content of the original text, whether the story plot is complete and coherent, and whether it is " Authentic.” Finally, it depends on whether the words and sentences used can accurately convey the meaning, so that people can understand it at a glance.
3. The abbreviation must remain unchanged in three aspects
First, the central idea and main content of the original text remain unchanged. This requires that you should understand the original text before abbreviating it, and grasp the central idea and main content of the article. This is the basis for focusing on the main points, otherwise, unfounded abbreviations will change the article beyond recognition. Comparing the original text and the abbreviated text of "The Revenge of the Crow", you will find that the central idea and main content of the two articles are the same. They both describe the story of a crow using a dead chicken to lure a fox to the bait, and the fox fell into a trap set by an old hunter. , both illustrate that the greedy fox will not end well, and both show the cleverness and wit of the crow.
Second, the genre of the original text remains unchanged. The original text and abbreviation of "The Revenge of the Crow" are both allegorical, and the style remains unchanged. If the style of writing is changed, it becomes rewriting.
Third, the person's pronoun remains unchanged. Which person is the original text? When abbreviating, the person should also be used and cannot be changed at will.
4. The abbreviation should be "changed three times"
The first is to delete it. The key to abbreviation is to keep the main points and the right ones. You should make a reasonable judgment on which ones should be deleted and which ones should be kept. The main things in the article (the crow and the fox), the key plots (remember the trap - holding the dead chicken in the mouth - lying about borrowing the rope - being lured into the bait - falling into the trap) and the content that embodies the central idea of ??the original text should be retained. As for the minor content in the original text (following an old hunter, finding a dead chicken, a fox not borrowing the rope...), descriptive elements, modifying language, additional elements (character's language, actions, demeanor), etc., they should be deleted as much as possible.
The second is merger. Some content in the original text needs to be retained, but it is not concise enough, so a merge method is needed to achieve the purpose of compression. For example, in the original text, there are several important plots such as "the crow flew with meat in its mouth", "called the fox loudly", "lied to borrow the rope" and "the fox refused to lend it". The dead chicken carried it to the tree in front of the fox's house and shouted loudly before the fox came out slowly. The crow asked him to borrow the rope, but the fox refused to borrow it. The content is expressed in more than fifty words.
The third is to change. Some descriptions in the original text can be condensed by changing the narrative method, and direct statements can be changed into narrative sentences. Original text: "The crow looked into the forest, then smiled at the fox with evil intentions and said: 'Brother Fox, it's rare that you care about me like this. When I get the tree in front of you, please take it home for me. It's gone!'" It can be changed to a paraphrase: "The fox quickly chased after him and wanted to help him carry the chicken.
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2 Primary school Chinese composition teaching methods
1. Writing interest is the basis for primary school students to write good compositions
“Those who know well are not as good as those who know well, and those who know well are not as good as those who know well.” Not as good as those who are happy to know. "This sentence means that interest is the best teacher. It can be seen that if you want to improve the writing level of primary school students, you must first stimulate students' interest in writing. Generally speaking, only when students' interest is stimulated can composition teaching achieve good teaching results. The composition requirements for primary school students are generally relatively simple. As long as they write everything out, use words appropriately, use rhetorical techniques in one or two sentences and use punctuation marks correctly, they can basically meet the standards.
For example, fourth grade students. An exercise about spring outing is called "My Suggestions". Regarding the teaching content of this lesson, the author first arouses students' interest in the beautiful scene of spring. The description aroused the students' endless reverie, and then asked the students if they wanted to go on a trip. The vast majority of the students answered yes. Secondly, the class will hold a spring outing, but the students need to decide to go. Where, students can discuss why they go there, what interesting places there are, what beautiful scenery there is, why it is worth going, etc., and then the best place recommended is the destination of our spring outing. "Suggestions" as the title. Finally, the students were guided to write clearly about the characteristics of the scenery, and the reasons should be reasonable and sufficient. The results fully aroused the students' interest in writing, and the students wrote non-stop.
2. Cultivate the students' creativity. Observation skills, improve writing level
Suhomlinsky said: “Observation is as essential for children as sunlight, air, and moisture are essential for plants. Here, observation is the most important source of wisdom. "It can be seen that observation is important to students' writing. For the same thing, if everyone has a different perspective of observation and different understanding ability, different things will be displayed [1]. As the old saying goes, "The benevolent sees benevolence, and the wise see wisdom." , but the observation ability of primary school students is very poor, especially the students in lower grades, who have no observation ability at all. Therefore, primary school students must be taught to observe. Only by learning to observe and being able to dictate compositions can they write compositions.
It is the nature of primary school students to be lively and active, so primary school students like to take physical education classes because there are many games to play. This is a good time to guide students to observe. For example, we have a composition called "Remember an Interesting Activity". I guided the students to observe the whole process of the game of eagle catching chicks, including the students' language, movements, expressions, etc. We played this game in our spare time, and some of the students were very happy. Stumbling... In class, I asked the students to tell what they observed. The students discussed enthusiastically, and the atmosphere was very active. In the atmosphere of the game, the children were willing to observe, express it in words, and also use words. Write it out. Teachers can know that children can express it in words in a certain order, which will not only help improve the composition level of primary school students, but also benefit the students' future growth.
3. Cultivate the ability to read extracurricular books. Habits, focus on the accumulation of knowledge
Developing a good habit of reading extracurricular books is necessary for accumulating vocabulary and expanding students’ knowledge. After all, the knowledge in primary school Chinese textbooks is limited. If not If you increase the amount of reading, the students' vocabulary will be very small, which is not conducive to the writing of Chinese compositions. Therefore, it is necessary to practice reading and writing to help improve the writing level by increasing the amount of reading. The more good words and sentences you have, the wider your horizons, and you can transfer knowledge and apply it to compositions to improve your writing level. Through basic training in textbooks, you can master the requirements and knowledge of composition writing, and help students outside the classroom. Summarize the knowledge learned and transform it into writing materials and writing skills.
Encourage students to carry out imitation or simulation training. For primary school students, their understanding ability is not very strong, especially for new students. Things cannot be expressed in appropriate language. At this time, you can imitate the format, language, rhetoric, etc. of the sample essay, summarize these writing skills, and apply them to your own writing. For example, there are many at the beginning of the composition. way.
The three most common ways are: the first is to get straight to the point, directly pointing out the topic; the second is to quote, quoting some famous quotes or allusions at the beginning to point out the main idea [2]. The third way is to ask questions, raise questions, arouse readers' thinking, and improve readers' interest in reading. For example, we have an essay called "Interesting Stories from Childhood". We can directly name the subject's interesting childhood stories in a straight-to-the-point way, ask students to talk about the most interesting thing that happened in their childhood, and guide students to write about it. What are the interesting points and focus on the key points of students' writing?
4. Cultivate composition revision ability
Composition revision is a link that primary school Chinese teachers must pay attention to in their daily work. There are two ways to revise compositions. One is revision by teachers in the traditional sense. Another way is through mutual correction or self-correction between students. The writing time of primary school students may be longer than other assignments, so they hope to get the teacher's approval. Therefore, comments are generally required to encourage students, express shortcomings that need to be corrected in a gentle way, and encourage students to practice more, write more diaries, and improve their composition skills. Of course, there are some typos, punctuation marks, and some wrong sentences that need to be corrected in time to improve the writing level.
Encourage students to write freely. Primary school students’ thinking is unconstrained and they have strong imagination and innovation ability. Teachers cannot force all students to write about the same thing for the composition topic, but should encourage students to use their imagination and express their own views and opinions in their own language. As long as you express your meaning clearly, the language may not be very mature or the sentences may not be fluent. These are normal, especially for first and second grade students.
Encourage students to self-correct and mutually correct their compositions. Good articles are made by correcting them. Through the teacher's explanation of some composition requirements, students are encouraged to find problems in their own compositions and correct them themselves. After they have corrected them, they have to ask their classmates to revise them again. This will not only deepen students' understanding of the problems, but also make them better. It also helps students give full play to their initiative and enthusiasm. As for the specific content of the modification, the author believes that there are three main aspects. First, whether it is off-topic. Whether the content of what students write is about the title, they should make a preliminary judgment on the main idea of ??the article. Second, refine the specific statements. If there are any wrong words or punctuation marks, they need to be corrected. Third, you can appreciate and summarize some excellent articles.
3 Methods for collecting materials for primary school Chinese compositions
1. Let students pay attention to the people and things around them, get close to real life, and extract writing materials
Observe most famous writers The works that impress people are often those that are close to the reality of life and inspired by feelings.
Therefore, teachers should cultivate students' ability to observe people and things around them. When interesting things happen around them, they should record them in the form of diaries. Regardless of the length of the content, they must write their own Really feel it. For example, after school, I saw a few students helping an old lady carry fruit. The next day, I assigned these students a composition called "A Meaningful Thing That Happened Yesterday". Because students have deep memories of yesterday, the essays written by students are very true and excellent.
Of course, while teachers train students to carefully observe the things around them, they should also take the initiative to set an example. Therefore, whenever students share their observations, teachers should tell them to the students as soon as possible. Whenever students write with beautiful words and innovative ideas, teachers should not be stingy with their words of praise, praise and encourage students, and read them to other students, so that students can fully feel the teacher's affirmation of themselves. So as to be more active in collecting writing materials. Only in this way will students' observation ability gradually improve and good habits of positive innovation be formed.
2. Through activities, students can discover writing materials
Regardless of school or class, various collective activities are organized every year, such as sports games, tomb sweeping on Qingming Festival, and New Year's Day literature and art Evening parties, etc., these are important ways for students to discover and explore writing materials.
Therefore, in every group activity, teachers should take the initiative to effectively combine activities with writing, so that students can always experience the feelings brought to them by group activities. Through personal participation, students can improve their writing ability Of course, I am very handy when it comes to writing about these aspects. For example, after the sports meeting, teachers can organize students to write essays about the sports meeting. Through personal experience in the fierce competition, students will definitely write their true feelings and write this essay well; also, the New Year's Day party is over, Timely let students recall the entire party, let them talk about their feelings watching the New Year's Day party and their favorite programs; after the Tomb Sweeping Day tomb-sweeping is over, students may feel heavy, and teachers can start from this and let them practice passing The feelings brought to them by sweeping the graves tell them that the good life they have now is the result of the hard work of their predecessors, and students must repay them through hard study. This not only allows them to write their inner thoughts, but also stimulates students' potential for active learning.
Of course, during the activity, the teacher should provide timely guidance to the students, let the students talk about what they saw in advance, and promptly correct the inappropriate places and language they talked about. errors, so that students can quickly and accurately translate what they see into language, thereby cultivating students' ability to actively observe and explore materials, improve their ability to consciously consider problems, and enhance their ability to mine writing materials.
3. Accumulate reading and cultivate the ability to extract materials from books
"After reading thousands of volumes, writing will be like a master." With the accumulation of book knowledge, writing will naturally come naturally. matter. Encouraging students to read extensively and accumulate extensively is another important way to expand students' knowledge and improve their composition skills. The texts in Chinese textbooks are all carefully selected classics. At the same time, extracurricular articles, famous quotes, language stories, fairy tales, etc. can all be material resources accumulated by students. Teachers should encourage students to read in composition teaching, cultivate students' interest in reading, and cultivate the good habit of reading, accumulating and taking notes.
Teachers should recommend more excellent articles and publications to students, and let students accumulate materials through reading in a subtle way. At the same time, students are allowed to analyze and classify the accumulated materials, such as describing scenes, describing people, describing objects, etc. The purpose is to allow students to have something to say when composing, have broad thinking, and be able to use them flexibly. For students of different grades, reading can be both literacy and writing; it allows students to know what kind of language is beautiful and what kind of language is used in what kind of environment. It can be consolidated through the context of the book and cultivate students' ability to read. The ability to extract material from books.
4. Other resources, multiple methods to cultivate the accumulation of material resources at the same time
For primary school students, the two most commonly used methods of accumulating material resources are life and reading. . But at the same time, combined with the specific actual situation and the students' own characteristics, some other methods can also play the same role. For example, communicate with each other. Students often have endless topics to talk about. How to encourage students to tell each other about the material resources they have accumulated is a question worth thinking about in primary school Chinese teaching. You have one material and I have one material, then the two of us have two materials.
By extension, students in the entire class will have thirty to four materials. This is why communication is important. In addition, with the development of Internet technology, more and more primary school students have begun to obtain materials from the Internet. The Internet covers a wide area and has a wide range of knowledge. If it can be used rationally, it will definitely become an important way to accumulate material resources in primary school Chinese composition teaching, and it is also the most popular way. But at the same time, we should pay attention to the fact that the material resources on the Internet are of mixed quality, and it is difficult to distinguish between true and false. We should select the essence of the information on the Internet and discard the dross, and select healthy and reasonable ones for primary school students to use.
4. Elementary school Chinese composition teaching methods
1. Learn to use punctuation marks correctly
Punctuation marks are an integral part of written language and are indispensable for written language. auxiliary tools. It helps people express their thoughts and feelings accurately and understand written language. However, when primary school students start writing, they often find that some students use punctuation marks as they please, simply using commas and periods, and they cannot write punctuation marks in the correct position. They just click them when they think of it. Other punctuation marks are dispensable to them.
Here the teacher will teach students the correct use of punctuation marks. Tell students: There are not only two types of punctuation in compositions, commas and periods. The literary master Guo Moruo attaches great importance to punctuation in articles. He has emphasized many times: "Punctuation must be appropriate. Punctuation is like a person's five crowns. It cannot be insignificant just because it is not a word. If the punctuation is wrong, the meaning will change." At this time, tell students some stories about punctuation marks to attract their attention.
For example: Don’t underestimate these punctuation marks, those inconspicuous little punctuation marks. Sometimes if you move them quietly, the meaning of the sentence will be completely reversed! Let me introduce it to you below. Punctuation story! There was a rich man who was stingy by nature. When he hired a teacher, he explained that the food supply was very meager. At that time, the teacher agreed immediately. But the excuse may not be valid, so he wrote a contract without punctuation: "No chicken, duck, fish, or a plate of vegetables is enough." The rich man based his subjective wishes on it. It was understood that "It's okay without chicken or duck, it's okay without fish, a plate of vegetables is enough." He signed happily. Unexpectedly, when we ate the first meal, the teacher shouted: "Why are there only vegetarian dishes and no meat dishes? Didn't we agree that if there is no chicken, duck is OK, no fish, meat is OK; a plate of green vegetables is enough." 'Really?" This made the rich man dumbfounded.
2. Find materials in life
Suhomlinsky once said that "a real school should be a kingdom of positive thinking", which tells us that in guiding students When writing, "thinking" is very important. Memorizing a large number of model essays and patterns in the hope of improving writing level through imitation cannot truly improve the level of composition. This is because the main position of students is ignored, thinking training is ignored, and there is no Open up ideas. Only by getting inspiration from "thinking" can you write like a god. The French sculptor Rodin also said: "Beauty is everywhere.
For our eyes, it is not a lack of beauty, but a lack of discovery." Some students' compositions are often the same, with hundreds of scenes the same. The inability to write new ideas is due to the lack of detailed observation and discovery. Observation itself is a kind of "silent" thinking. For example: Two tour groups traveled to Japan's famous Izu Peninsula. The road conditions at that time were very bad and there were potholes everywhere. One of the tour guides apologized profusely to the tourists, saying that the road was too bad and it was too difficult to walk. The tourists also complained and sighed in disappointment. Another tour guide poetically told the tourists that the road they were taking now was the famous Izu Charming Dimple Avenue. When the tourists heard this, their interest increased greatly. This extremely poetic expression requires us to get closer to life and discover the beauty in life.
Because primary school life is relatively narrow and the circle is small, students go to school immediately after leaving home, lack of social practice, limited vision, and limited areas of activity, resulting in very little understanding of the surrounding life. It seems a bit difficult to let students find the starting point of thinking in life, so it is necessary to teach students to still have composition in life.
3. Cultivate reading interest and enrich knowledge
Cultivate reading interest, enrich knowledge, and lay the foundation for students' composition creation. Composition is the comprehensive application of various kinds of knowledge. Without rich knowledge, it is It is difficult to write a good composition that is profound, rich in content, novel and unique. Therefore, teachers must educate students and read more extracurricular books, especially those classics, and even understand some natural science knowledge. As the saying goes: read thousands of volumes, and write like a master. In order to better guide students to read and write, teachers can organize some reading class meetings to allow students to exchange reading experiences, or to practice eloquence in the form of storytelling, debates, etc. Then, we will improve students’ starting composition level through poster newspapers, campus literary newspapers and other forms. Through extensive reading, students have absorbed healthy ideological and artistic essence from ancient and modern Chinese and foreign classics and a large number of poems and essays. At the same time, they have also accumulated a large amount of vocabulary and second-hand composition materials. Through reading, students broaden their horizons, enrich their knowledge, and become active in their thinking. They will no longer worry about "making a meal without rice".
4. Take good reading notes while reading
Reading is the basis of writing, but only reading textbook content will restrict students’ thinking and vision. Leo Tolstoy pointed out: Always have a pencil and notebook with you, and write down all the wonderful places and words you encounter while reading and talking.
In order to enrich students' knowledge, accumulate writing materials, carry out extracurricular reading, and cultivate students' reading habits, it is necessary. Xu Teli, a famous modern educator, once advocated "no reading without writing". As the saying goes: "It is better to read once with your hands than to read it a thousand times with your eyes." "Jian" was written by using the method of "take whatever you have and record it casually" and persisted in making more than 30 reading notes. Therefore, it is particularly important to cultivate students' habit of taking reading notes while reading. Teach students to excerpt beautiful words, sentences, good fragments, and articles when they encounter them during reading. Students should also be taught that these accumulated materials should be read frequently, and it is best to memorize beautiful vocabulary and sentences. In this way, a large amount of reading nourishes students' minds, enriches their language, makes writing materials rich and flexible, solves the problem of students having little or no ability to write, and greatly improves the level of composition.
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★ Summary of 2020 primary school Chinese composition knowledge points var _hmt = _hmt || []; (function() { var hm = document.createElement("script"); hm.src = " /hm.js?fff14745aca9358ff875ff9aca1296b3"; var s = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(hm, s); })();