The first time I met Huang Daozhou, it was because I was listening to Zhuge Tangxue's Chinese class. When I listened to Mr. Dou's brief explanation, I was so excited that I cried. At this point, my heart is still full of passion.
Later, with the deepening of Baidu's life story, it was found that Huang Daozhou had profound attainments in Neo-Confucianism, Book of Changes, calligraphy and other aspects. What impressed me most was his uncompromising and upright image as a loyal minister.
It is said that even Emperor Qianlong saw his deeds and had to admire him sincerely: Huang Daozhou, an orphan of Daming, was a perfect man!
Who doesn't know the ecliptic island?
Huang Daozhou, a native of Fujian, was born in a poor family when he was young. He has been smart and studious since childhood. 14 years old, known as "Fujian gifted scholar". At the age of 38 (the second year of the Apocalypse (65,438+0622)), he was elected as Jishi Shu. He is an official when he goes out, and he is guarding the tomb when he goes in. However, his road to officialdom is quite bumpy, and he has an honest and frank temper. He is generous and outspoken, which makes Chongzhen particularly unhappy. He was framed twice and fired many times.
Huang Daozhou is not an official, but he dares to rescue the minister in danger by himself.
In the third year of Chongzhen (1630), Qian Longxi, a loyal and cautious cabinet minister, was implicated in the Yuan Chonghuan case, and Emperor Chongzhen handed the issue over to the ministers for discussion. More than 60 ministers agreed that he was guilty. In February 65438, Qian Longxi was arrested. The relevant departments have agreed that Qian Longxi will make a decision in the western market. It is said that even the execution ground is ready. When Huang Daozhou heard the news, he paced back and forth excitedly and said loudly to his colleagues: "No one in Manchu came out to say a word!" . So, after he went home, he drafted and played hydrophobic overnight. The history book says: "The grass is sparse at night, so knock." Immediately after writing, he rushed out of the room, knocked on the door of the palace and made a statement to defend Qian Longxi. Emperor Chongzhen suspected that Huang Daozhou intended to shield him, and ordered a reply stating that Huang Daozhou had been on standby for 38 days. As a result, Qian Longxi sent troops to defend Zhejiang Dinghaiwei, and Huang Daozhou dismissed his troops.
Huang Daozhou insisted on Confucian ethics and dared to defend the emperor by himself.
In the 11th year of Chongzhen (1638), Chongzhen promoted Yang Sichang to the cabinet. Chongzhen thought that Yang Sichang was a minister capable of managing the world, which was a short encounter. Although Yang Sichang was in mourning, Chongzhen took advantage of it. Huang Daozhou even wrote three letters to impeach cabinet minister Yang Sichang, and accompanied him to impeach Xuanda Governor Chen Xinjia and Liaodong Governor Fang Yizao. One is to oppose Yang Sichang's internal and external measures. Oppose raising taxes on farmers and increasing military spending, and the people will have no way out and have to increase their burdens. Therefore, they will arouse a larger peasant uprising. The other content is opposition and Manchu peace. Although, at that time, some officials were unwilling to speak, but Huang Daozhou was the most powerful, and his words were tough.
Chongzhen suspected that Huang Daozhou was suspected of cronyism. On the third day of July, the ministers, especially Huang Daozhou, were gathered on the platform of Zhongji Temple. Chongzhen questioned him face to face and thought that these three letters contained personal goals. Huang Daozhou insists that everything is for national discipline and education, not for personal position and salary.
After some quotations, I was angry and scolded. Chongzhen said Huang Daozhou, but all his academic articles have become glib. Huang Daozhou was ordered to kowtow and quit. Unexpectedly, Huang Daozhou came back on the way, and knelt down to distinguish the difference between men and loyalty. Chongzhen said angrily, "If you get a red card, you should be beheaded." The people around him were too scared to speak, but Huang Daozhou calmly walked off the stage.
Both official history and unofficial history recorded that Huang Daozhou was the only person in Chongzhen who dared to contradict the emperor face to face. He was punished outside the relegation. This incident left a bad impression on Emperor Chongzhen. Taking this opportunity, coupled with the instigation of cabinet minister Wei Zhaocheng, in the thirteenth year of Chongzhen (1640), Huang Daozhou was arrested on charges of forming a party, involving more than 20 people. In the Royal Guards Prison, Huang Daozhou was beaten many times, his fingers were caught by bamboo pieces, and his blood flowed. Huang Daozhou never gave in, and sent his bloody clothes home for posterity to see. Chongzhen can't find evidence and intends to let people go. One day, Chongzhen and eunuch Kun Wang were chatting in Zhongji Temple. Chongzhen asked Kun Wang, "People outside respect Huang Daozhou. What is the reason? " Kun Wang replied: "He is a well-read and virtuous man, so people respect him." Chongzhen said, "I have read many books, but I am ignorant. This person is very stubborn, and pedants are such people. " In the end, Huang Daozhou was exiled to the border of Chenyang, Hunan, and was pardoned and recalled soon.
In fact, Huang Daozhou has gone too far in this matter. In order to maintain moral standards, he regarded the emperor as a debater, giving people the impression of being stubborn and extreme. However, Huang Daozhou student Zhuang Qicheng commented: "Everything has passed, right or wrong? Sir, we have to fight for two sizes. I know that although the palace is big, it is not enough to explain Mr. Wang's behavior and deeds. God put Mr. Wang on earth for other purposes. Who can compete with Mr. for eternity? "
He preferred writing books and giving lectures to being an official, so he made great achievements in Neo-Confucianism, Yijing and calligraphy, and was a world-renowned scholar in the late Ming Dynasty.
After Emperor Chongzhen hanged himself in Meishan, some ministers of the Ming Dynasty defected to Li Zicheng, while others defected to the Qing Dynasty, with all kinds of gaffes. At that time, Huang Daozhou, who was idle at home, made the most heroic counterattack. He sold his possessions to recruit soldiers and went north to fight the Qing army. These people are not even equipped with weapons, and the outcome can be imagined.
Huang Daozhou regarded the invasion of the Qing Dynasty as the conquest of the barbaric people, and borrowed the words of Confucius many times. "I am a little ignorant and left behind." If it weren't for Guan Zhong, I'm afraid we would all wear left-handed clothes! He hopes to have a good minister like Guan Zhong, and he is afraid that the orthodox Chinese culture will be strangled. He begged a good priest, but he was too old and weak to undertake his duties. He organized a team of thousands of people to enter Jiangxi to fight against the Qing army. During the war, he did not forget to give lectures at Rao Minglun Hall and insisted on spreading Confucian culture. At the beginning of the war, his army won some victories, however, the news that the enemy was strong and we were weak and the Qing army failed in its counterattack kept coming. Huang Daozhou was at a loss. He said to Emperor Longwu: "I am sixty-one years old this year, and I can't surpass the average person. Like a rooster, I can't stop singing on a stormy morning. Even if I am killed, I can't help it! Even if it destroys my hair and skin, I will defend the frontier for the court for a day. This is because of morality! "
1On February 6, 645, Huang Daozhou put all his eggs in one basket, with a rate of 1000. 1645 On February 25th, it was surrounded by the Qing army more than ten miles away from Wuyuan. "Mr. Ji shouted, working hard, and the rain fell." Finally, he was alone, defeated and captured. In the face of this great scholar, the Qing court repeatedly advised him to surrender, but he refused.
1646 On the fifth day of March, Caojie, Nanjing, Huang Daozhou bowed to the Ming Tomb and led his neck to death. Finally, the head was broken, "don't be a servant."
Later, people found a bloody handwriting in his clothes: "Classic lives forever, healthy spirit lives forever, the world knows me, and my family is carefree", signed by Huang Daozhou, an orphan of Daming.
This is our sage, who "saved the king's world and won his fame before his death" at the cost of his life, and is worthy of our epic ancient sages.
Later:
One hundred years after Huang Daozhou was killed, Emperor Qing Qianlong was impressed by his loyalty and changed his name to "loyalty" and put it on the altar to enjoy sacrifices. People respectfully called him "General Zhushun", and a man named Huang built a small temple at the end of Zhuxiang in Taiwan Province Province, which continues to this day. Today, Huang Daozhou Temple has been built in Taipei, Danshui, Yilan and other places, and the incense is flourishing.
What Huang Daozhou didn't expect was that the national enemy he opposed, the Qing Dynasty, completely inherited the Confucian moral culture after entering the Central Plains. The moral standards followed by the Qing Dynasty are no different from the moral ideals pursued by Huang Daozhou, which is worthy of Huang Daozhou's comfort.
The Qing government gave Huang Daozhou an appropriate evaluation, which is also a historical evaluation. "Biography of Huang Daozhou in the Ming Dynasty" said: "What Huang Daozhou pointed out and stated deeply touched the disadvantages of society. His talent and ethics, and the criteria for distinguishing loyalty and forgiveness from adultery, were enough to serve as a reference for future generations. Although his life was in danger, he was able to stick to his ideals and never forgot the suffering of the people. He committed suicide and didn't go against his ambition. His excellent ethics makes us admire today! "
1825, Huang Daozhou entered the Confucius Temple. Confucius Temple is the pantheon of the Chinese nation, and Huang Daozhou became one of the 77 sages who worshipped in Confucius Temple in history.