Cai Xiang has been an official for more than 30 years. Not only has he achieved remarkable political achievements, he has also made significant contributions to science and culture. He once wrote "Lychee Spectrum" and "Tea Records", which are the earliest monographs introducing lychees in the world. The "Xiaolongtuan" tea created is of better quality than "Longfeng Tea". Cai Xiang was good at calligraphy. He learned from Yu Shinan and Yan Zhenqing, and also learned from Jin people. The regular script is solemn and solemn, the running script is gentle and graceful, and the cursive script uses the Feibai method. It is one of the "Four Masters of the Song Dynasty". Among the inscriptions passed down from generation to generation are "The Story of Wan'an Bridge", and the written writings include "Book of Expression and Poems for the Imperial Letter" and manuscripts of poems written in letters. He is the author of 370 poems, which are clear and wonderful; 64 memorials and 584 essays, which are included in "Collected Works of Cai Zhonghui".
"Song Cai Zhonghui Collection"
"Song Cai Zhonghui Collection" has thirty-six volumes, and "Farewell Records" has ten volumes. Xu Huobo compiled and preserved it in Ming Dynasty. Note: The records of the number of volumes in this book vary from book to book: "Collection of Cai Xiang" has sixty volumes and ten volumes of memorials, which can be found in Volume Seven of "Historical Records of Song Dynasty"; "Collection of Cai Zhonghui of Song Dynasty" has forty-six volumes, see "Ji Cang" "The Bibliography of the Wei Collection"; the forty-four volumes of the "Collected Works of Cai Zhonghui", see the "Bibliography of the Biography of Shao Ting Zhijian"; the forty volumes of the "Collected Works of Cai Zhonghui, the Scholar of the Duanming Palace of Song Dynasty", and the ten volumes of "Farewell Records of Cai Duanming", see Farewell Records of Ming Dynasty Collected by Xu Huobo, Wanli edition; Forty volumes of "Collected Works of Cai Zhonghui, a scholar of Duanming Palace of Song Dynasty", Wanli edition, postscript by Zheng Zhenduo; Forty volumes of "Duanming Collection", see "Collection of Siku Quanshu"; "Collection of Duanming Palace of Song Dynasty" Thirty-six volumes of "Collected Works of Scholar Cai Zhonghui" and two volumes of "Supplement to Farewell Records", editions made during the Yongzheng and Qianlong reigns of the Qing Dynasty; Thirty-six volumes of "Collected Works of Cai Gong, a lay scholar in Puyang", printed in the Song Dynasty, of which the number of volumes is matched with Qing manuscripts; "Collection of Cai Zhonghui" "Thirty-six volumes, written in Quanzhou during the Southern Song Dynasty, with a preface by Wang Meixi, see "Jiangyunlou Bibliography" or "Zhizhai Shulu Explanation", also see "Sikuquanshu·Collections of Departments"; "Cai Zhonghui Gongji" "Thirty-four volumes, old banknote edition, in Taiwan; Thirty-four volumes of "Cai Zhonghui Gongji", see "Yushan Qian Zunwang Collection Catalog Series"; Thirty-nine volumes of "Cai Zhonghui Collection", engraved by Cai during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty ; Twenty-four volumes of "Collected Works of Cai Duanming", blue silk-coloured edition; Seventeen volumes of "Collection of Duanming Scholars", engraved edition in the fourth year of Emperor Qiandao of Song Dynasty (1168) (updated version of Siku Siku Si annotated Shishantang Collection Catalog); "Cai Zhonghui" "Gongji" in eight volumes, compiled by Jue of the Ming and Song dynasties, see "Litchi Pu" in one volume.
Note: There are many editions of "Lizhipu". According to rough statistics, there are: Song edition, Ming edition, Ming Wang edition, "Baichuan Xuehai (Xianchun edition) Guiji", "Baichuan Xuehai (Hongzhi edition)", etc. ) Gui Collection", "Shanju Magazine", "Shuo Yong (Wanwei Shantang Edition)", "Sikuquanshu·Zibu Pulu Class", three volumes of "Ancient and Modern Shuobu Series", "Preliminary Collection of Series·Applied Science" Category", the first volume of "Art Series", "Integrated Collection of Hundred Books - Gui Collection", "Art Garden Collection", "Minzhong Stone Hand-engraved Edition", "Minzhong Litchi Tongpu" sixteen volumes, The eight-volume version of "Fujian Lizhi Tongpu" (Wanli version), and the "Deng Daoxie Litchi Tongpu" also include: "Lilin Pu" has seven chapters, one is original, the second is special, and the third is Jia Huan. , Four Ming consumption, five careful nourishment, six o'clock legal system, seven different types.
"Cha Lu" (there may be two volumes of "Cha Lu". "Records" (one volume)
Note: The preface to "Tea Records" says: "Lu Yu's Tea Book is not a Jian'an product, and Ding said that the "Tea Book" alone discusses the origin of procurement. As for the cooking test, Zeng I have never heard of it. "This book is divided into two parts. The first part discusses tea and the second part discusses tea utensils. This is the so-called cooking method. There are many versions of the two volumes of "Tea Records", including: "Tea Book" Fourteen volumes, the early Qing Dynasty Qian's Shu Gutang Notes Edition, the Ming Dynasty Edition, the Hundred Famous Writers Edition, the Later Forty Novels Edition, the Qing Note Edition, and one volume of "Si Ku Quanshu·Zi Bu Pu Lu Lei". There are many editions, including the "Tea Book" in twenty-seven kinds and thirty-three volumes, Mingyu Zhengbian and Wanli editions, "Tea Book" in thirteen kinds and fifteen volumes, the late Ming Dynasty engraving edition, the Song edition (with preface and postface), the Ming Dynasty edition The published version (with self-preface, self-postscript, and post-preface by Ouyang Xiu), "Baichuan Xuehai (Xianchun version) Xin Ji", "Baichuan Xuehai (Hongzhi version) Ren Ji", "Baichuan Xuehai (reedited version) Xin Ji", "Baichuan Xuehai (reedited version) Xin Ji" "Ge Zhi Series", "Shuo Yong" (Wanweishantang version), "Five Dynasties Novels - Song Chroniclers of One Hundred Novels", "Five Dynasties Novels: Song Chronicles of One Hundred Novels", the first compilation and application of "Five Dynasties Novels: Song Chronicles of Hundred Novels" Science", the first volume of "Art Series", "Collection of Hundreds of Books·Xin Ji".
On May 26, the first year of Song Zhiping (AD 1064), Cai Xiang wrote a postscript to "Tea Records" during the incident. He said that when Emperor Beanjian of the Song Dynasty was serving as the envoy to Fujian, he paid tribute to Fujian's dragon tea every year, which was deeply appreciated by Emperor Renzong.
In the preface to "Tea Records", he stated the reason and purpose of writing: "Your Majesty ordered me to first serve as envoy to Fujian, and the top grade dragon tea I bought in Japan was the most exquisite. I thought about the subtlety of the grass and trees, and inherited your Majesty's knowledge. "If you find the right place, you can make the best use of your talent." He believes that "Lu Yu's "Tea Classic" is not inferior to Jian'an's products. Ding's "Tea Picture" only discusses the basis of harvesting and preparation. As for cooking and testing, he once said. Never heard of it." Therefore, he "made several things simple and easy to understand, and compiled them into two chapters, called "Tea Records".
At that time, Cai Xiang not only carefully made "Xiao Tuan Tea", which made Jian Tea famous all over the country, but also in view of Lu Yu's "Tea Classic", he failed to point out the Fujian products, so that Jian Tea was drowned. However, the "Illustration of Tea" written by Ding Wei only discussed the harvesting and preparation, but did not explain the methods of cooking and testing. Therefore, Cai Xiang wrote his own research results into the book "Tea Records", ***II Chapter, more than 800 words. The first article discusses tea, and the second article discusses tea utensils, both of which are methods of cooking and testing. With his rich experience and unique insights, coupled with the outstanding calligraphy of the time, this work can be called "a rare treasure that will last forever." The fame of Jiancha in the Song Dynasty is inseparable from Cai Xiang’s advocacy and recommendation. It is said that no one who discussed tea at that time dared to speak in front of Cai Xiang, fearing that he would be in trouble and bring trouble to himself. In addition to being presented to the emperor for appreciation, "Tea Records" also engrave stones to pass on to future generations. This not only greatly promoted the development of Fujian's tea industry, but also had a great impact on Japan's aesthetic art "tea ceremony" and the development of the world's tea industry. At the beginning of the 17th century, Chinese tea was imported into Europe and other regions, becoming one of the three major beverages in the world, and becoming increasingly popular.
In the previous chapter on tea, we mainly discussed color, aroma, taste, Tibetan tea, Zhancha, Tencha, Luocha, Hou Tang, Huoweizhan and Diancha. When discussing the color of tea, he said: "The color of tea is white, while cake tea is mostly coated with paste, so it has green, yellow, purple, and black colors. When discussing the aroma of tea, he said: "Tea has a true aroma, and the tribute For example, a little bit of borneol and ointment were used to enhance the fragrance. Folks in Jian'an tried the tea, but it was not fragrant, fearing that it would take away its essence. "According to modern scientific production methods, tea should not be mixed with "precious fruits and herbs" to take away the true fragrance of tea. When discussing tea, he said: "The taste of tea is mainly sweet and smooth, but Beiyuan and Fenghuang Mountain are the products of various farms. The taste is good, even if it is made in time and carefully in the mountains across the river, the color and taste cannot be compared. Also, there are water springs that are not sweet and can damage the taste. In previous lives, people used this to judge the quality of water. "This shows that the taste of tea is closely related to the place of production, water, soil, environment, etc. When discussing Tibetan tea, he said: "Tea should be like leaves, but afraid of fragrance and medicine. "This means that when storing tea, you must pay attention to the tea utensils and methods, "warm and dry and avoid cold and wet"; otherwise, the tea will absorb "odour", deteriorate, and cannot maintain its true color and tea flavor.
In the next article In discussing tea utensils, he mainly discusses tea roasting, tea cages, anvils, tea bowls, tea grinders, tea bowls, tea cups, teaspoons and soup pots. He discusses tea making tools, tea tasting utensils, etc., which are also worthy of our attention.
Cai Xiang's "Tea Records" played a huge role in promoting the development of Fujian's tea industry. The predecessors commented: "The reason why Jian Tea is famous all over the world is due to Gong (Cai Xiang). )also. "Modern people also affirm it: "In the middle of the eleventh century, the person who made a greater contribution to the development of tea production in Fujian should be Cai Xiang. "Today's popular tea culture cannot fail to mention the cultural and scientific value of "Tea Records". Cai Xiang's famous name and his agricultural masterpiece "Tea Records" will be passed down to the world for thousands of generations.
Other works include "Longshou Danji" (this book has a novel version of the Five Dynasties). Volume 58 of "Yuhai". Volume 1 of "Mo Pu". See Volume 6 of "Cha Guo" and "Litchi Story". "Puyang Poems" in six volumes. See "Cai Zhonghui's Complete Collection of Poems" in four volumes. "Cai Zhonghui's Complete Collection of Poems" in two volumes, Ming Dynasty. "Farewell Records" compiled by Song Jue and compiled by Xu Huobo of the Ming Dynasty. Ten volumes of "Cai Fuzhou Foreign Records" were edited by Xu Huobo of the Ming Dynasty. The twelve volumes of "Farewell Records of Cai Duanming" were edited by Xu Huobo of the Ming Dynasty. (There are also ten volumes and one volume). "Supplement to Cai Zhonghui's Annals", compiled by Jue of Ming and Song Dynasties (Wanli edition).