The Confucius Temple was rebuilt from the former residence of Confucius. Therefore, everything here is bathed in the bright moon.
The juniper planted by the master himself.
On the east side of the stone at the gate, there is a "hand-planted cypress". Feng Shiwen Ji Jian, a seal cutting performance in the Tang Dynasty, said: "There are cypress and pine trees in Wang Wenxuan Temple in Qufu County, each of which is five feet high and has been withered for a long time. According to legend, it was planted by the master and died in Yongjia for three years. " It is said that Confucius planted three junipers himself. After several successes and failures, there was only one regenerated Castanopsis carlesii, which was revived during Yongzheng period. Tree height 10 meter, tall and straight. Li Cheng, a poet in A Qing, once wrote a poem: "The old man vaguely remembers the hand planting, and the wind and frost peel off the fur. The spiral pattern bends gold and iron bones, and the scales are angry. " In the past, it was regarded as a symbol of Confucius' thought, which was linked with the fate of Confucius' descendants. There was a saying that "Confucius' sun will shine when it grows up"; The rulers even linked this with the rise and fall of society. For example, Mi Fei, a great calligrapher in the Song Dynasty, said, "The horned dragon monster is quite masculine; In 2000, the enemy stone; Correct the chaos as before. " This juniper tree is alive and dead, full of vicissitudes, no wonder it is deified by people.
Behind the corridor of Dacheng Hall is the Sleeping Hall, which is a shrine dedicated to the official residence of Mrs. Confucius. Qi Guanshi, born in Song Dynasty, married Confucius at the age of 19, and died seven years earlier than Confucius. After the death of Confucius, "that is, the hall where Confucius lived was a temple", and the officials of the State of Qi sacrificed with Confucius. The rulers of later generations worshipped Confucius extremely, and the officials of the State of Qi also enjoyed this honor. In the first year of Xiangfu in Song Dynasty (1008), she was named "Mrs. Yun Guo" in posthumous title, Song Zhenzong; In the third year of Yuan Dynasty (1332), she was named "Lady of Great King Dacheng's Selected Works"; In the eighth year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty (1529), he was honored as "the most holy teacher".
Behind the sleeping hall is the last ninth courtyard of the Confucius Temple, which contains a Confucian temple built in the Ming Dynasty. This temple is named after its 120 sacred objects. "Holy Map" records the main deeds of Confucius' life in the form of stone carving comic books, and is the first complete comic book of characters' stories in China. Gu Kaizhi, a great painter in the Jin Dynasty, the statue of Confucius painted by Wu Daozi, a great painter in the Tang Dynasty, and the seal script of Mi Fei, a calligrapher in the Song Dynasty, are all precious works of art ... "The old gentleman once touched Zhou, and that broken tablet is still Chinese." As a treasure house of history and culture, Confucius Temple is dazzling.
Former residence of Confucius
The East Road of Confucius Temple in Chengshengmen was originally the former residence of Confucius, and later generations dedicated it to the ancestors of the last five generations of Confucius. Entering Chengshengmen, he was the first to enter the five famous poetry halls in the main hall. According to legend, this is the place where Confucius educated his son Kong Li to learn poetry. According to the Analects of Confucius, once, when Confucius was meditating alone in his yard, Kong Li walked past him respectfully with small steps. Confucius stopped him and asked, "How about learning poetry?" Kong Li honestly replied: "No." Confucius said, "If you don't learn poetry, you have nothing to say." Kong Li dropped out of school to study poetry. After a while, Kong Li walked carefully through the courtyard and was stopped by Confucius. Confucius asked, "How about learning etiquette?" Kong Li replied: "No." Confucius said, "If you don't learn manners, you can't stand." . Drop out of school to study Lee. Confucius taught his son to learn poetry etiquette, which was later passed down as a beautiful talk. Confucius' descendants regarded it as "ancestral training" and adhered to "poetry ceremony handed down from generation to generation". The fifty-third generation of Confucius, Sun Kongzhi, is "never forgetting the teachings of the imperial court" and "taking a private class called poetry". In the seventeenth year of Hongzhi in Ming Dynasty (1504), the original imperial court was rebuilt and expanded, forming its present scale.
The predecessor of the poetry auditorium is the three huts where Confucius lived before his death. In 479 years ago, Confucius died of illness, and Lu Aigong sighed sadly: "You will feel guilty if you don't hang on to the sky and leave the old people alone." Aigong also personally wrote an obituary, and in the second year, he ordered the three huts to be named Shoutang as a place to worship Confucius. 126 ago, Sima Qian "went to Siwen in the north to talk about the capital of Qilu and observe the legacy of Confucius". In Confucius' old house, he saw that the furnishings in Shoutang were the same, and all Confucian scholars were polite in front of the hall. They kept feeling at four o'clock, thinking that "it was the glory of the world at that time, but it was not." Confucius is a civilian, and by more than ten generations, people who study have respected him. China's theory of six arts since the emperors and generals were all compromised by the master, which is the most sacred ". Later, Sima Qian wrote Family of Confucius in Historical Records, and made Biography of Confucius in the style of Family of Governors, which shows his reverence for Confucius.
After being converted into a poetry auditorium, Shoutang became a special place for emperors to go to Qufu to worship Confucius and practice rites and music before worshipping Confucius. In the early Qing Dynasty, Kong once gave lectures to Emperor Kangxi here. Qianlong was full of admiration for this Millennium holy land. He visited the poetry hall eight times and left a lot of ink on the stone tablet.
In the yard in front of the poetry hall, there are Ginkgo biloba and Song Ginkgo biloba. After thousands of years, it is still flourishing and full of vitality. So far, ginkgo biloba has achieved fruitful results, which is in harmony with the poetry hall. There is a well behind the poetry auditorium, which is said to be Confucius' drinking well before his death. The water is "clear and neat" and is called "holy water". When Qianlong offered sacrifices to Confucius, he once took a spoonful of water as a teacher and said, "I'll just take a spoonful and think about it, just like proclaiming a saint and being a teacher." In Imai Xige, there is a monument to Gan Long's "drinking water from the source, learning from teachers". The stone fence around the well and the stone tablet of Confucius' old residence well in the fence were built in the Ming Dynasty, in which the column in the southeast corner is engraved with "Bell Stone", which makes a crisp sound when struck with the palm of your hand. It is said that the sound of stone, silk and bamboo is related to Confucius' writing.
Sacrificial site of Confucius Temple in Qufu, Shandong Province
Lu Jin bi si Tang
In the east of the old well behind the poetry auditorium, there is a broken wall, about 3 meters high and 15 meters long, which looks like a wall. This is the famous "Ruby". According to legend, after Qin Shihuang unified the world, he burned books to bury Confucianism and opposed Confucius. At that time, Chen Yulai, a friend of Confucius' ninth grandson, told him that Qin Shihuang would visit Shandong. Confucius has many ancestral books, which are descendants of Confucius and are very dangerous. We should do something as soon as possible. After hearing this, Confucius and his disciple Xiang hid the ancient books collected at home in the leather wall of the ancestral temple overnight and left their hometown to live in seclusion and teach in Songshan. Chen Sheng rose up against the state of Qin and recommended Confucius to join the rebel army. Confucius read widely and had many political opinions, so he was highly valued by Chen Sheng and was honored as a doctor and teacher. He stayed in the military camp for six years and died of illness. In the Han Dynasty, King Lu Gong wanted to demolish the Confucius Temple in order to expand and repair it. When he demolished the wall, he suddenly heard the sound of silk and bamboo coming from inside. When he opened the wall, he found many books. Write on bamboo pieces, wear them with silk ropes, and make a noise when they collide. These ancient books include Confucian classics, such as The Analects of Confucius, The Book of Filial Piety and The Book of History. They were written with tadpoles, which were different from the popular Han Li classics at that time, so they were called "Confucian classics with holes and walls" or "classical Chinese classics". This wall contributed to the preservation of the poetry books and six classics that Qin Shihuang almost burned. Therefore, King Gong kept this wall alone, which is called Lu Wall or King Gong Wall. In order to commemorate Confucius' collection of books, Shoutang, the former residence of Confucius, was renamed "Jinsitang" in the Jin Dynasty. When the Confucius Temple was rebuilt in Hongzhi of Ming Dynasty, Jinsitang was moved to the west road of Confucius Temple, and a poetry auditorium was built on the original site. Later, a wall was specially built as a symbolic site.
Ruby's collection of books has been talked about by scholars of all ages. It is said that Confucius' books are all spiritual. So the stone railing beside the well is said to smell the sound of bamboo silk and think about ancient love. Wang Yucheng, a poet in the Song Dynasty, said in Preface to the Magic Wall: "Literary books cannot be abandoned for a long time; It can also restore vitality, ... its waste also hides rice, and its wall is made. " Daofu Kong's poem "Queli Confucius Temple" in the Song Dynasty also said: "The fire of Qin would rather harm the saints, and the Jinsitang hangs letters from home. The inspiration of Dian grave is all providence, not Wang Haozhi's work. "It is no exaggeration to say that the cultural renaissance is attributed to Lu Bi, just as Qianlong's poem said," When the sky is high and the latitude lasts forever, is it the time to worship the king and ruin the house? "
At the end of the tunnel behind the rupee is a temple. In the first year of Yongzheng in the Qing Dynasty (1723), the fifth ancestor of Confucius was crowned king and built a temple for sacrifice. The temple was originally used for the father of Zhao, the fifth ancestor of Confucius, the qi father of Gao Zuyu, his great-grandfather Wang, his grandfather Wang Changsheng and his father Qi, and for Yan Hui's father Yan Una, his great-grandfather Zeng Dian, Kong Li, the father of Kong Ji and Meng Sunji, the father of Mencius. Behind the shrine is a private memorial hall for descendants of Confucius, his wife Kong Ji and Kong Li.
Kuixing from heaven.
The Kai Temple in Shengkaimen, the west road of Confucius Temple, is a place to worship Confucius' parents. Confucius' father, Shu Lianggan, turned out to be a doctor in Lu. In a war, the enemy suddenly lowered the city gate in an attempt to surround the soldiers in the city. Shu Lianggan happened to be at the door, holding the gate with his arm raised. It can be seen that its brawn is great. Shu married Lu first, with nine daughters and no children. After retiring, he gave birth to a son named Meng Pi with my concubine, but he failed to get a job because of leg and foot diseases. So he married Zheng Zai, the third daughter of Yan Jia. At this time, Shu is a 60-year-old man and a beautiful young girl. Therefore, the history book says: "Confucius was born in a wild relationship with Yan's daughter." "Wild" is not in line with etiquette, and it was considered impolite at that time for an old man with such a wide age difference to marry a young wife. After marriage, Ge and Zheng prayed together in Nishan to give birth to your son. Since then, Confucius was born and named Qiu.
For thousands of years, there have been many legends in Qufu that Confucius was born in Nishan. For example, once Mr. and Mrs. Shu went to Nishan to pray for blessings. On the way down the mountain, they suddenly heard the drums playing loudly in the sky. A unicorn flew in with a piece of jade in its mouth and said, "Heaven sent Kuixing down to earth to shake Zhou." Then, Yan gave birth to Confucius. It is also said that when Confucius was born, it was foggy, condensed into rain, stopped in an instant, and then refreshed. Another fairy came in a cloud and shouted, "Born to be holy, play music!" " So harmony appeared in the sky, and Confucius was born in this sweet music.
However, according to legend, when Confucius was born, his face was ugly, his head was like an inverted jar, his middle was low and his sides were high; And eye dew, nose dew, ear dew, mouth dew, eyes, ears and nose are all dew, so it is called seven dew. Yan thought it was a monster and abandoned him in the cave. At this moment, a tiger came to nurse him. In summer, it was sultry in the cave, and an eagle fanned him with its wings. Later, Yanshi took him away, so there was a saying that "a phoenix gives birth to a tiger, and an eagle raises a fan." Up to now, there is still a cave in Nishan, which is called Confucius Cave and Hannah Quinlivan Cave.
When Confucius was three years old, Shu died; Yan raised Confucius until he was twenty-four and died. In the first year of Song Xianggong (1008), Shu was named "Qi Gong" and Yan was named "Lu Tai". In the first year of Yuan Dynasty, Ge was made king and Yan was made Mrs. Wang, and each set up a shrine.
Listed gold.
Under the eaves in front of Dacheng Hall, not far from the carved dragon columns, there are a pair of carved lotus columns, which ring as soon as they are knocked, and sound like gold and jade. On the surface, these two white marble railings are no different from more than 50 others. Why can they make a pleasant piano sound? The locals explained that this was influenced by Confucius. Confucius is a talented musician. He "smells Shao Le, but he doesn't know the taste of meat in March". He taught his disciples to play guqin in Xingtan, and his voice is still there. It is also said that the top of the lotus column was touched by the dragon finger of Emperor Qianlong. When Qianlong saw the ten dragon pillars in front of Dacheng Hall, he was stunned by the unparalleled stone carving art. When he was shocked, he turned and knocked on the two lotus pillars in front of the carved dragon pillars with his hand, sighing: "The most holy way, towering into the sky, is extremely towering, and is a model of all ages, which will infinite heaven and earth." The implication is that only Confucius is qualified for this honor. Unexpectedly, with the knock of Qianlong, the top of the lotus column issued a beautiful stone sound, from which there were this pair of wonderful stones.
The legend of crows in Confucius Temple is even older and moving. According to legend, after Confucius traveled around the world, he returned to his hometown to concentrate on education and sort out ancient books. In his spare time, he often takes his disciples for an outing outside the city. He especially likes to stand on the top of Nepal and watch the confluence of the five rivers, feeling that "the deceased is like a husband". Once, Confucius and his disciples met soldiers and robbers on Mount Nishan and beat them to death. When Confucius was in danger of being hurt, countless crows suddenly flew in the sky, pecking and scratching, driving away soldiers and bandits. Later, the crow accompanied Confucius every day, escorted him out and went home at dusk. After the death of Confucius, they still guarded the spirit of Confucius in the Confucius Temple. So far, at dusk every day, the drums of the Drum Tower have sounded. At first, three or five crows flew in from a distance and circled the Confucius Temple, making a "whoa whoa whoa" cry, as if calling their companions. As a result, hundreds of crows gathered over the Confucius Temple from all directions. It was dark and covered with ancient branches. The next morning, when the morning bell on the bell tower rang, a large group of crows rose from the Confucius Temple again, circled noisily for several weeks, and parted ways in droves. This large group of crows stay in the Confucius Temple every night without any fecal pollution, which is really amazing. These crows who leave early and return late in the Confucius Temple have become a spectacle. The local people say that these are three thousand crows of Confucius.