ferdinand verbiest was well versed in astronomy and geography. In the second year after he went to China to preach, he was recommended to the palace to assist Tang Ruowang, the then supervisor of Qin Tian prison and a German missionary. They used advanced western methods to survey astronomy, which was accurate and convincing, and won the appreciation of the emperor shunzhi. However, science and superstition, advanced and backward are incompatible after all. At that time, the scientific methods adopted by western missionaries in surveying astronomy were not universally recognized in China, and many people in the imperial court were skeptical and opposed. In 1664, Shang Shu, a health official student in Xin 'an, impeached Tang Ruowang and ferdinand verbiest, saying that they were "absurd in calendar", "heresy misleading people" and "conspiring against others". At that time, during the alternation of Shunzhi and Kangxi dynasties, Ao Bai was in power with a group of barbaric and ignorant discussion kings. They don't know anything about astronomy and mathematics, and they can't judge right and wrong in science. However, if they grasp the words of "misleading people" and "rebellion", Tang Ruowang and ferdinand verbiest will have to meet bad luck: as a result, the former was sentenced to death and the latter was expelled from the palace. Since then, Beijing has suddenly experienced a major earthquake at the end of a century. Stupid turtle worship thought it was because he punished Tang Ruowang and ferdinand verbiest and angered God, so he hastily ordered them to be pardoned. Tang Ruowang died shortly after his release. Although ferdinand verbiest regained his freedom, he could not return to work in Qin Tianjian and had to go back to the church to preach.
Although ferdinand verbiest was banished from the palace, he didn't give up his point of view. When he learned that Emperor Kangxi had been in charge, and Yang Guangxian predicted that there would be two vernal equinoxes and two autumnal equinoxes in the eighth year of Kangxi, he went to consult Emperor Kangxi for a debate. This year, Kangxi was 16 years old and had been in charge for two years, but the real power was still in the hands of the turtle worship, which was intolerable to an ambitious young emperor, who was eager to take back the power into his own hands.
Emperor Kangxi has been in power for the longest time in the history of China for 5, years, and he is also one of the few emperors with achievements. Emperor Kangxi's life, literary martial arts, and outstanding talents, created a "prosperous time" that shines in history, and can be called a generation of wise kings. However, few people know that his first teacher turned out to be a court maid, and even fewer people know that this maid turned out to be a herdsman's son and daughter in Kezuozhongqi, Tongliao City. Her name is suma lagu.
suma lagu, formerly known as somale, was born in a herdsman's family in kezuozhongqi, and worked as a maid in berezasang family in Horqin since childhood. In 1625, she was taken to Houjin Palace by Empress Xiaozhuang Wen as a personal maid. After that, I lived in the palace for eighty years. In the forty-fourth year of Kangxi (175), he died in the Qing Palace at the age of ninety.
Like her master, Empress Xiaozhuang Wen, Aunt Sumala went through four dynasties in the Qing Palace. In the long years of more than 8 years, Aunt Sumala gradually became an old man respected by the emperor and his family from a humble maid. When she first entered the palace, Su Malagu and her master Xiao Zhuang didn't know Manchu. Later, she accompanied Xiao Zhuang to study Manchu, and soon mastered Manchu well, and she was able to write beautiful Manchu. Su Malagu is intelligent by nature and likes fashion design very much. According to the Draft of Qing Dynasty and Miscellaneous Records of Xiaoting, in the first year of Qing Chongde, she participated in the design and manufacture of the crown dress of the founding of the Qing Dynasty.
on August 9th, 1643, Emperor Taizong of the Qing Dynasty died. At that time, Empress Xiaozhuangwen was only thirty-one years old, and her son Fu Lin was just six years old. After careful planning by Empress Xiaozhuangwen, Fu Lin became emperor, but the power in the DPRK was in the hands of Regent Dourgen. Young the emperor shunzhi always needs the support and guidance of her mother Xiao Zhuang. But according to the rules at that time, their mother and son could only meet once a month, so the secret contact between Xiao Zhuang and the emperor shunzhi was all held by Su Malagu. At that time, it was a very arduous and dangerous task. If we were negligent, we would lose our lives and endanger the safety of Shunzhi and Xiao Zhuang.
According to the Xiao Ting Zalu Su Ma La Gu, when Emperor Kangxi was young, Empress Xiaozhuang chose Su Ma La Gu as his first teacher, and Xuanye (the name of Emperor Kangxi) was "Lai Qi Xun Di, who taught the national books by hand". In November of the twelfth year of Shunzhi, smallpox prevailed in the Qing Palace. The emperor and all the princes who had never had smallpox all went outside the Forbidden City to avoid smallpox, and Xuanye also went to a mansion outside the palace to avoid smallpox. During this period, Su Malagu rode a horse every day between Cining Palace (the residence of Empress Xiaozhuangwen) and Xuanye's acne shelter, and taught Xuanye to write Manchu in accordance with the requirements of Empress Xiaozhuangwen. Su Malagu was about forty years old at that time. She took care of Xuanye like her own children in life, patiently induced Xuanye in her studies, and carefully taught her, so that Xuanye, who was young, understood a lot of human feelings and learned a lot of knowledge, especially the good handwriting of Emperor Kangxi, which was the basis for Su Malagu to play at that time.
Although Su Malagu is a maid, Empress Xiaozhuang regards her as a sister and calls her Gege. Emperor Kangxi calls her Ernie (mother), and the princes and princesses call her mother (Manchu mother is grandma). It can be seen that her position in the palace is far from that of ordinary maids.
Empress Xiaozhuangwen died in the 26th year of Kangxi (1687). Before her death, she entrusted her great-grandson Yin 〓 (the 12th son of Kangxi) to Su Malagu for upbringing and education. Su Malagu did not live up to the high hopes of Empress Xiaozhuang Wen. In the past 2 years, with her excellent quality, good personality, extensive knowledge and excellent communication art, she always taught Yin 〓 by example, which made Yin 〓 grow up quickly. He has handled important government affairs according to his father's will many times, and all of them have done well. In Kangxi's later years, the emperors fought against each other around the issue of succession, but Yin 〓 did not participate.
Yin 〓 has a deep affection for Aunt Su Mala. He respects and loves the old man like his grandmother. Aunt Sumala fell ill in her later years, which touched the hearts of Emperor Kangxi and Yin 〓. Kangxi was patrolling the Great Wall at that time, and specially sent people to send herbs to Aunt Sumala and instructed Yin 〓 to take care of it. Yin 〓 and his wife were so worried that they stayed with Aunt Sumala day and night.
In the forty-fourth year of Kangxi (175), on September 7th, Su Malagu passed away. Kangxi held a grand funeral for her and buried her in the southeast new city outside the Feng Shui wall of the Qing Dongling. The mausoleum was built according to the grade of the tomb.
Su Malagu never married in her life, but she dedicated her motherly heart to the royal family of the Qing Dynasty, and served the masters of the four dynasties successively, helping Xiaozhuangwen to cultivate an outstanding king, Emperor Kangxi. (Excerpted from Tales of Dalhan)
Su Malagu's life and death
The study of Qing history shows that Su Moer in history is indeed a legendary figure. She is a Mongolian, born in a poor herdsman's family in Horqin prairie, and her birth year was around the forty years of Wanli in Ming Dynasty (1612). The original name is Sumer, or Sumer, which is a transliteration of Mongolian, meaning long pocket made of wool. In the late Shunzhi period or Kangxi period, it was renamed Sumala, meaning "half a big pocket". After her death, all the people in the palace addressed her as Aunt Sumala.
Because Su Malagu was born beautiful and intelligent, and was known far and near, she was taken seriously by Baylor House in Horqin, and became the personal maid of Benbutai (also translated as "Bumubutai"), the second daughter of Baylor Zhasang. The second young lady was none other than the later famous Xiaozhuang Wen Queen. Ten years after the golden destiny (1625), although Benbutai was only 13 years old, she had grown up like a big girl, with bright eyes and white teeth, beautiful and moving. In this year, under the escort of his brother Wu Keshan, Benbutai traveled long distances to Shengjing, the capital of Houjin, and married Huang Taiji, the eighth son of Houjin Khan Nurhachi, who was 34 years old at that time. As Benbutai's personal maid, Aunt Sumala also accompanied her master to Shengjing.
In the first year of Shunzhi (1644), when the Qing army entered the customs, Aunt Sumala arrived in Beijing with Benbutai, who had been honored as the empress dowager, and lived in the magnificent Forbidden City.
This girl from Mongolian grassland has been expanding her horizons and improving her cultural accomplishment rapidly since she entered Baylor House. She not only speaks Mongolian well, but also quickly mastered Manchu and Chinese, especially her beautiful Manchu, which won the praise of the whole palace. So, she was ordered by sourdrang dowager to serve as the first Manchu teacher of Emperor Kangxi in her childhood. During the Jiaqing period, Zhao Yun wrote in his Miscellaneous Records of Xiao Ting: "When Emperor Ren was young, he relied on him (referring to the aunt Su Mala) to teach the credentials by hand."
Aunt Su Mala is clever and skillful, and she is also an expert in tailoring. All the clothes she made are both fit and beautiful, so she participated in the formulation of clothing patterns in the Qing Dynasty. She grew up in Mongolian grassland since childhood, and of course she is very good at riding horses. Every time she goes to work outside the palace for her host, Empress Xiaozhuang Wen, she rides horses.
Aunt Sumala and Empress Xiaozhuang lived together day and night, inseparable for more than 6 years. Actually, the relationship between them has gone beyond the ordinary master-servant relationship. Especially after the death of Huang Taiji, Empress Xiaozhuang Wen was just 31 years old, and she lived a widowed life at the peak of her youth. She needed a bosom friend to accompany her, and Su Malagu, a maid of her age who had been single, was of course her best candidate. In public, they are masters and servants, but in private, they are sisters. Because of this, Aunt Sumala has a high actual position in the palace and is highly respected. Empress Xiaozhuang called her Gege, which was a special title for the daughter of the Qing royal family. The emperor shunzhi and her theory of peers; Emperor Kangxi called her "e-nie" and "e-niang", that is, mother; The emperors of Kangxi called her grandmother. But Su Ma La Gu is very self-aware, always humble and cautious. She not only respectfully and carefully served the Empress Xiaozhuang, but also worshipped Emperor Kangxi, who was over 4 years younger than herself, and always called herself a slave before the emperor.
in the 26th year of Kangxi (1687), the empress Xiaozhuang died of illness. This gave Aunt Sumala a great mental blow, and made her fall into sadness, loneliness and boredom. At this time, Aunt Sumala was already an old man in her 7 s. If this continues for a long time, it will be extremely unfavorable to her physical and mental health. In order to relieve her sadness and loneliness, Emperor Kangxi decided to entrust the twelve sons of the Emperor, Yin Jia, who was born to the ordinary princess Wanliuha (the later princess), to Su Malagu for raising. Yin Jia was born in the twenty-fourth year of Kangxi, when he was only three years old. According to the practice of the Qing dynasty, only those with more than one title in the inner court are qualified to raise the prince. Let Sumala aunt raise the prince, which shows that Kangxi emperor trusts and attaches great importance to Sumala aunt. Aunt Su Mala certainly got the message and was very grateful for this arrangement of Emperor Kangxi, but she also felt a great responsibility. In order to repay the mighty emperor's kindness, she cheered up again and devoted all the maternal love and energy of a woman to Yin Kui.
Aunt Su Mala's meticulous care and tireless words, deeds and examples have made Prince Yin Geng grow up healthily. Later, Yinkui became a prince with political mind and talent, and he had been instructed to handle various government affairs many times. In the fierce struggle for storage in the last years of Kangxi, Yinkui rarely intervened and remained neutral. Therefore, after Yong Zhengdi acceded to the throne, he was not only not hit and excluded, but was also made king of the county. In the Qianlong dynasty, yin Jin was named prince of Heshuo and granted as minister of deliberation. In the twenty-eighth year of Qianlong, Yin Jia died at the age of 79. Among the 35 princes of Emperor Kangxi, he is the oldest. Yin Geng was able to take part in government affairs, and died at an early age, which was directly related to Su Ma La Gu's careful training and guidance, so his feelings for Su Ma La Gu were obviously deeper than those of other princes.
Aunt Sumala has her own beliefs and lifestyle. She has never been married, and has always lived in the palace and accompanied her master for more than 6 years. After the death of Empress Xiaozhuangwen, she spent another 18 years in the palace. When Yinjia grew up, she no longer needed her support, so that she was completely freed and began to live a comfortable and peaceful life. In her later years, Sumala Gulu had an indissoluble bond with Buddhism, which may be influenced by Xiao Zhuang and Shunzhi's belief in Buddhism. However, Su Malagu's belief in Buddhism is obviously different from others. She is not completely out of recreation and loneliness, nor is she praying for the Buddha to bless herself. Instead, she combines believing in Buddhism with being loyal to the emperor and repaying his kindness. Reading Buddha and chanting scriptures is the main content of her later life. She often expresses from the heart: "I am willing to live a few more years and kowtow and pray for my master to show my gratitude to my slave." She also said that her life is "just praying for the Buddha", and "Mongolian master great kindness only tries his best to pray for his son in front of the Buddha statue every day, wishing him long live".
suma lagu has two different characteristics in her life: one is that she doesn't take a bath all year round, and only washes her body with a small amount of water on the last day of the year, that is, New Year's Eve, and then drinks the used dirty water; Second, do not take medicine for life, even if the illness is serious, do not take any medicine. These two special habits of her life are clear to even an emperor who respected the Ninth Five-Year Plan. Why is this so? People have different explanations, but none of them are convincing. However, her health has been very good, and she lived to be over 9 years old, which is of course a rare longevity in the era of "seventy years old and rare".
Birth, aging, illness and death are irresistible natural laws. In the forty-fourth year of Kangxi (175), on August 27th, Aunt Su Mala finally fell ill in bed, suffering from abdominal pain and bloody stool, and did not think about diet. Two days later, the illness became more serious. At this time, Emperor Kangxi was patrolling the Great Wall. Aunt Sumala saw that her illness was getting worse and worse, and the emperor was not in the palace, and her heart was at a loss. So she called Emperor Kangxi's three sons, Yin Zhi, Eight sons, and Twelve sons to the bed and said to them, "I am an old slave of Emperor great kindness, but I only serve before the Buddha. Long live the emperor. Today, I have bloody stool, and the pain in my abdomen is unbearable. If you send an urgent report, the emperor will give me a cure, and you will play this for me. " When the princes saw that their grandmother was so ill, they suggested calling a physician for treatment at once, but Aunt Su Mala refused. She only trusted the emperor and thought that only the emperor could cure her illness. The princes carried Aunt Sumala behind their backs, called the physician, introduced her illness to them, and asked their opinions. The physician said that this is a disease of spleen deficiency and internal fire in the elderly, which is very dangerous if it is not treated tightly. The princes, at the same time, reported to the emperor's father the illness of Su Malagu, and at the same time, made the head of the internal affairs office begin to prepare for the funeral.
On the 7th day of September in the forty-fourth year of Kangxi (October 24th, 175), Aunt Sumala's heart stopped beating, ending her colorful life, and she was over 9 years old.
People in the palace are very sad about the death of Aunt Sumala. On the day of the funeral, all the adult princes attended the funeral ceremony except the fifth son Yin Qi and the tenth son Yin■ (left "water" and right "me") to take care of the empress dowager, and the fourteenth son Yin Gui stayed in the Forbidden City. After Su Ma La Gu's coffin stopped in the funeral palace, the princes all went back to their respective houses, but the twelve sons of the Emperor Yin Kui made a request and said, "My aunt raised me since childhood, but I failed to repay it. I would like to stay for a few days.