Lead: Su Dongpo's famous phrase "A beautiful woman is like a beautiful woman" typically represents the obvious tendency of literati in Tang, Song and later dynasties to enjoy tea as a kind of spiritual enjoyment. Tea cups were recorded before the Tang Dynasty. Boya said: "teacup" began to have the name of "teacup" in Song Dynasty. Lu You once wrote:? Rattan sticks sometimes stare at stones, and wind furnaces dispose of teacups? This poem. Modern people often call it a teacup or teacup. A teacup is an instrument for drinking tea.
A teacup can be used to drink tea or to show one's status. The ancient aristocratic tea bucket is a typical embodiment. For modern people, the past is history, and the pursuit of teacups mostly comes from tea itself. Because teacups are made of tea.
The relationship between tea and teacups is mutual and harmonious. Tea, because of its shape, people can not only taste its taste, but also observe its color, smell its fragrance and leave its fragrance at the bottom of the cup. Teacup, because of the existence of tea, because of tea, it recedes from the youth when it first entered the world and becomes introverted and profound; Because of tea, I feel the joys and sorrows of everyone who is destined; Because of tea, the years are not dusty and full of spirituality?
Time, let the teacup experience tea and let tea release the best youth. There are too many stories and too many emotions in this youth, but each one is a cherished memory.
The wind of drinking tea? Prosperous Tang Dynasty, Prosperous Song Dynasty? Stir-fried tea was popular in Tang dynasty, and celadon and white porcelain were the first choice for tea sets. It was popular to make tea and compete for tea in Song Dynasty. In order to distinguish the watermark from the watermark, Song people abandoned celadon and white porcelain as black porcelain, and made a big fuss about black glaze, firing tea art treasures such as rabbit claw lamp, oil drop lamp, tortoise shell lamp and wood leaf lamp, which made the tea culture in China more colorful.
Celadon and white porcelain popular in Tang Dynasty
Before the Tang Dynasty, drinking tea was mainly popular in the upper class. It was not until the Tang Dynasty that the wind of drinking tea spread to the people, and tea has become an indispensable food in people's daily life. In the Song Dynasty, tea drinking became more popular, and China tea culture entered its heyday. Teahouses, teahouses, teahouses and teahouses are all over urban and rural areas. At that time, people often said that there were seven things to get up in the morning, rice, oil, salt, sauce, vinegar and tea. Comparing tea with daily necessities, we can see that tea has occupied a very important position in people's daily life at that time. In addition, there are historical records? Tea flourished in Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty? It is said that the tea fighting style rose in the Song Dynasty.
Tea lights are black, jade is the best? Song Huizong
Tea bucket is formed because of the different ways of making tea. The way to drink tea in the Tang Dynasty was to stir-fry tea. First, the collected tea leaves are dried with hot air, and then mashed while they are hot to make tea cakes. When drinking, break the tea cake, put it in a tea mortar, grind it, and then take it to make tea. Making tea was popular in Song Dynasty, that is, making tea cakes first, grinding the tea cakes into fine powder and putting them into a tea bowl or teacup before drinking, and then brewing them with boiling water, so a layer of white foam floated on the water surface, which was called water mark. If you want the tea to stay in the cup for a longer time, you have to fight for tea. Fang Lan records:? In the fighting and trial methods, those who have water marks are the first to retreat and the ninja wins, so it is called one water and two waters. ? Because fighting tea is based on whether the tea color is bright and white, the tea set used is mainly black glazed porcelain.
Song Huizong likes drinking tea. He has a good knowledge of how to make tea and drink tea. He has a book "On Daguan Tea" that says: the color of the lamp is blue and black, and rabbit hair is the best. ? Fang Lan also said:? Brown is white, and the water mark is easy to check when it enters the black light. The reason why rabbit lamps are expensive is also. ? Fighting tea made the market demand of black glazed porcelain great, so the production of black porcelain in Song Dynasty formed a huge system. Not only some celadon kilns, such as Jianyang Kiln in Fujian, Jizhou Kiln in Jiangxi and Yuci Kiln in Shanxi, mainly produce black porcelain, but also famous kilns, such as Ding Kiln, mainly produce white porcelain, producing a large number of black porcelain to meet the market demand.
? ? Fight tea? The method pays attention to tea quality, water quality and skills. In order to create the best tea bucket effect, not only good tea products and skilled skills are needed, but also high-quality teacups are needed. So-called? A good horse with a saddle? . The Book of Tea says? Brown is white, it should be black. ? This kind of fighting tea, black and white, is clear at a glance. So people who love tea have a special liking for black glazed teacups (bowls), because they are the most suitable? Fight tea? .
Buildings and lanterns are directly fired, and the external walls are often glazed to avoid sticking to the kiln. Glaze flows easily at high temperature, forming this beauty? Glazed beads? Also known as? Glaze tears? . Kiln black glaze belongs to the category of ancient crystalline glaze with high iron content. In the process of high-temperature melting and firing, due to the change of temperature and atmosphere in the kiln, strange patterns are produced on the glaze. Different from gorgeous paintings and complicated sculptures, they are the result of the change of glaze in a certain temperature and atmosphere, called? Kiln change? .
Song people love to fight for tea, and black is more expensive.
The black porcelain teacups used for tea fighting in Song Dynasty were the most precious, such as Millie Cup, Oil Drop Cup, Tortoise Shell Cup and Muye Cup of Rabbit, with the highest artistic achievements. The formation of rabbit hair lines is because the iron in the glaze gathers at high temperature and flows downward, resulting in flowing silky hair, which is named because it is as thin as rabbit hair. The oil droplets in the oil droplet cup are crystalline glaze formed by black glaze at high temperature, and the glaze is covered with silver-gray and brown spots, just like floating oil droplets. The tortoise shell pattern on the tortoise shell lamp is brown and rust spots under the black glaze, which looks like brown and light yellow patterns on the back of tortoise shell. Because this pattern is similar to the pattern of partridge feathers, it is also called partridge spot.
Muyedeng takes leaves as specimens.
The most amazing artistic effect is the wooden leaf lamp living in Jizhou kiln, Jiangxi Province. There are different opinions on how the decorative pattern of this kind of tea lamp is formed. One point of view is that natural leaves are used as specimens, and the leaves are specially corroded first, and the leaf skin is removed, leaving only the leaf stems and veins, and then they are attached to the molded carcass, and then black glaze is applied to the whole body and fired at high temperature. After firing, the leaves are golden yellow, light yellow, reddish, lavender, silvery white and other colors. Against the background of black glaze, the shapes and stems of the leaves are clearly visible. There are half leaves and one leaf, and there are also two leaves and three leaves. There are mainly two kinds of konoha lamps, one is a round lamp with a diameter of about 10 cm, and the other is a slightly larger cap lamp. In the Song Dynasty, Mu Ye lamp was not as famous as Tuhao lamp and Guijia lamp, but its unique production technology and simple and natural decorative style attracted more and more attention from later generations, so that it was regarded as the best of Jizhou kiln. As there are few leaves left in the exhibition, it is even more precious, and it is a treasure that many collectors dream of.
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