1. Qu Yuan
Qu Yuan (approximately 340 BC - 278 BC) was a poet and politician of the Chu State during the Warring States Period in China. Born in Zigui, Danyang, Chu State (now Yichang, Hubei Province). Mi's surname is Qu's, her given name is Ping, and her courtesy name is Yuan; her name is Zhengze, and her courtesy name is Lingjun. Descendants of Qu Xia, son of Xiong Tong, King of Chu Wu. When he was young, he received a good education, was knowledgeable and had great ambitions.
In his early years, he was trusted by King Huai of Chu and served as Zuotu and Sanlu officials, and was also in charge of domestic and foreign affairs. He advocated "beautiful government", advocated appointing talents internally, amending laws and regulations, and advocating to unite Qi to resist Qin externally. Because he was excluded and slandered by the nobles, he was exiled to northern Han Dynasty and Yuanxiang River Basin. After the Yingdu of Chu State was captured by the Qin army, he sank into the Miluo River and died for his country.
Qu Yuan was the first great patriotic poet in Chinese history, the founder of Chinese romantic literature, the founder and representative writer of "Chu Ci", and pioneered the tradition of "vanilla beauty", known as He is the "ancestor of Ci Fu" and "the ancestor of Chinese poetry". The emergence of Qu Yuan's works marks that Chinese poetry has entered a new era from collective singing to individual originality.
His main works include "Li Sao", "Nine Songs", "Nine Chapters", "Tianwen", etc. The Songs of Chu, with Qu Yuan's works as the main body, is one of the sources of Chinese romantic literature. Together with the Book of Songs, it is also known as "Romance" and has had a profound impact on later generations of poetry.
In 1953, on the 2230th anniversary of Qu Yuan's death, the World Peace Council passed a resolution identifying Qu Yuan as one of the four major cultural celebrities in the world commemorated that year.
2. Wen Tianxiang
Wen Tianxiang was originally named Yunsun, with the courtesy name Lushan and Songrui. After being selected as a tribute, he changed his name to Tianxiang and changed his courtesy name to Lushan. He has a dignified appearance, a tall figure, his skin is as white as jade, his eyebrows are delicate and his eyesight is bright and vivid.
When I was a child, I saw the portraits of Ouyang Xiu, Yang Bangyi, and Hu Quan, the local gentlemen enshrined in the academy, all with the posthumous title of "Zhong". I was very happy and envious of them. Said: "If you don't become one of them, you are not a real man."
In the first year of Kaiqing (1259), he was awarded the title of Cheng Shilang and signed the letter of Ning Haijun Jiedu Judge. When the Yuan army attacked Ezhou (now Wuchang, Wuhan), the eunuch Dong Songchen advocated moving the capital to avoid the army. Before Wen Tianxiang took office, he submitted a letter to the Song Dynasty, proposing to build a small town for defense, select elite soldiers from the militia, and select generals in an unusual way. He also asked to kill Dong Songchen, who had shaken people's hearts, but was not accepted, so he resigned and returned to his hometown.
Later he served as Lang Guan of the Ministry of Justice, Zhi Ruizhou, and Zuo Si Lang Guan of Shangshu. In April of the sixth year of Xianchun (1270), he served as war inspector and Quanzhi Academy. He was dismissed from office because he drafted an imperial edict that satirized Quan Xiandao. In the first year of Deyou (1275), the Yuan army marched eastward along the Yangtze River, and many Song generals surrendered. Wen Tianxiang spent all his wealth on military resources and recruited 50,000 soldiers to defend Lin'an (today's Hangzhou).
The petition urged Chen to divide the country into four towns and concentrate financial and military resources to resist the Yuan Dynasty. Xuan served as an envoy for western Zhejiang and Jiangdong and also knew Pingjiang Prefecture. He sent generals to help Changzhou (today's Jiangsu), but because Huai general Zhang Quan failed to save him when he saw the danger, he was defeated and retreated to Yuhang (today's west of Hangzhou). In the second year of Deyou (1276), he urged Zhang Shijie, the deputy envoy and governor of Pingjiang Prefecture in the west of Zhejiang Province, to lead more than 200,000 soldiers and civilians in the capital to fight against the Yuan army behind the city, but the Song court did not allow it.
Xuan was appointed You Prime Minister and Privy Council Envoy, and was ordered to go to the Yuan army to negotiate peace. He was detained for denounced the Yuan Prime Minister Boyan, and was escorted to the north and fled back to Wenzhou (now part of Zhejiang). In May, in Fuzhou, together with Zhang Shijie, Minister of Rites Lu Xiufu, and Right Prime Minister Chen Yizhong, he supported King Yi of Zhao Shi as emperor, serving as privy envoy and co-captain of the army and horses.
The plan was to take the sea route to the north to recover Jiangsu and Zhejiang, but Chen Yizhong blocked it, so he went to Nanjianzhou (now Nanping, Fujian) to gather troops to fight against the Yuan Dynasty. In November, the march into Jiangxi failed. In May of the second year of Jingyan (1277), with the support of the anti-Yuan rebels and people from all over the country, they attacked Jiangxi again, defeated the Yuan army in Yudu (now Yudu), and recovered the Xingguo (now Jiangxi) and Ganzhou and Jizhou. The county was eventually defeated and retreated to Guangdong due to the situation alone.
In December of the first year of Xiangxing (1278), he was captured in Wupoling (now Haifeng North, Guangdong). The following year, Zhang Hongfan, the marshal of the Yuan Mongolian and Han armies, escorted him to Yashan (today's Xinhui South) and ordered Zhang Shijie to be surrendered. Wen Tianxiang refused and wrote the poem "Crossing the Lingding Ocean" to clarify his ambition.
3. Yue Fei
Yue Fei (March 24, 1103 - January 27, 1142), courtesy name Pengju, was born in Tangyin, Xiangzhou (now Tangyin County, Henan Province) . During the Southern Song Dynasty, he was a famous general, military strategist, strategist, national hero, calligrapher, and poet who fought against the Jin Dynasty. He ranked first among the "Four Generals of the ZTE" in the Southern Song Dynasty.
Yue Fei was an outstanding commander-in-chief of the Southern Song Dynasty. He valued the people's resistance to the Jin Dynasty and concluded the "Union Heshuo" plan, advocating that the civilian anti-Jin Dynasty rebels north of the Yellow River and the Song army cooperate with each other to regain lost territory; In running the army, rewards and punishments are clear, discipline is strict, and he can be considerate of his subordinates and lead by example. The "Yue Family Army" he leads is known as "if you freeze to death, you will not tear down the house, and if you starve to death, you will not take prisoners."
The Jin army once commented that "it is easy to shake a mountain, but it is difficult to shake the Yue family's army" to show their sincere admiration for the Yue family's army.
4. Sima Qian
Sima Qian (145 BC or 135 BC - cannot be tested), named Zichang, was born in Xia Yang (now south of Hancheng, Shaanxi). Historian and essayist of the Western Han Dynasty. Sima Tan's son was appointed Taishi Ling. He was castrated for defending Li Ling's defeat and surrender, and was later appointed Zhongshu Ling. He worked hard to complete the historical books he wrote, and was honored as Shi Qian, Tai Shi Gong and the Father of History by later generations.
Sima Qian studied under Kong Anguo and Dong Zhongshu in his early years. He traveled around various places, learned about customs and collected rumors. When he was first appointed as a doctor, he was envoy to the southwest. In the third year of Yuanfeng (108 BC), he was appointed Taishi Ling, inherited his father's business, and wrote history.
With his historical knowledge of "studying the relationship between heaven and man, understanding the changes of ancient and modern times, and forming a family's opinion", he created China's first biographical general history "Shi Ji" (originally known as "Tai Shi Gong Shu").
Recognized as a model of Chinese history books, this book records a history of more than 3,000 years from the Huangdi period in ancient legends to the first year of Yuanshou, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and is one of the "Twenty-Five Histories" The first one was praised by Lu Xun as "the swan song of historians, the most rhymeless Li Sao".
5. Li Bai
Li Bai (701-762), also known as Taibai, also known as Qinglian Jushi, also known as "Exiled Immortal", was a great romantic poet in the Tang Dynasty. He was hailed as the "Immortal of Poetry" by later generations, and was called "Li Du" together with Du Fu. In order to distinguish him from the other two poets Li Shangyin and Du Mu, known as "Little Li Du", Du Fu and Li Bai were also collectively called "Big Li Du".
According to the "New Book of Tang", Li Bai was the ninth grandson of Emperor Xingsheng (Liang Wuzhao King Li Hao) and the same clan as the kings of Li and Tang Dynasties. He is a cheerful and generous person who loves drinking, writing poetry, and making friends.
Li Bai was deeply influenced by Huang Lao Liezhuang's thoughts. There is "The Collection of Li Taibai" handed down to the world. Most of his poems were written when he was drunk. His representative works include "Wang Lushan Waterfall", "The Road is Difficult" and "The Road to Shu is Difficult". "About to Enter the Wine", "Ode to Mingtang", "Early Departure from Baidi City" and many other poems.
The Song Dynasty people have biographies of Li Bai's poems and poems (such as the first volume of Wen Ying's "Xiangshan Wild Records"). In terms of its pioneering significance and artistic achievements, "Li Bai's Ci" enjoys an extremely high status.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Li Bai
Baidu Encyclopedia-Sima Qian
Baidu Encyclopedia-Yue Fei
Baidu Encyclopedia-Wen Tianxiang
Baidu Encyclopedia-Qu Yuan