( 1867~ 19 16)
Modern Japanese writers.
Natsume Soseki enjoys a lofty position in the history of modern Japanese literature and is called "a great national writer". He has high attainments in both eastern and western cultures. He is not only an English scholar, but also good at haiku (はぃく), China's poetry (かんし), calligraphy and painting. When writing novels, he is good at using antithesis, overlapping sentences, humorous language and novel forms. His precise and subtle description of personal psychology created the trend of later private novels (わたくしょぅせつ). There are many scholars under his door (such as すずきほ by Suzuki Miyoshi)
all one's life
Natsume Soseki (なつめきんのすけ) was born in 1867 (Keio "けぃぉぅ" for three years. The Natsume family has great influence in Edo. As the eighth son of the family, Kinnosuke had gradually declined before his birth, and his parents didn't want this son to be born, so he was once fostered in other people's homes after his birth. At the age of two, he was adopted as the adopted son of Yan Yuan's family. Since then, due to the emotional disharmony between adoptive parents and the influence of adoptive father's work, he often moved. At the age of ten, I finally returned to my biological parents. However, such a happy life is extremely short. My father and brother have always been at odds with him and disapproved of his strong literary ambitions. His mother died of illness at the age of fifteen, and Kinnosuke left home at the age of nineteen to start his lodging career.
These experiences are believed to have a great influence on Kinnosuke's mood and later creation. It can be seen from several autobiographical novels, such as Young Master, Sanshiro, Houhou, Straw and so on. Most of the protagonists in the story have good families, but they are not valued by their fathers and brothers. Therefore, they are often lonely and have long realized that they want to stand on their own feet, but they are all eager for the warmth of their families. Some people say that literature is a "symbol of depression". Writers realize the imperfection of the real world because of their own experience or compassion, and only by painstaking efforts can they produce touching works, but this touching power often comes from pain and misfortune. Looking back on his life, we know that this sentence is correct.
1874, entered Dong Tian School in Asakusa-Shouchi at the age of seven. Natsume liked Chinese studies since childhood, and began to study China ancient books at the age of 14. When he was a teenager, he was determined to be born in China. 1888 was admitted to Tokyo No.1 High School. He became good friends with his classmate まさぉかしきき, who later advocated the haiku movement. At the age of 22, he commented on Masaoka Shiki's "Seven Leaves of Grass" in Chinese and wrote his travel notes "Sawdust" in Chinese poems.
It was in this year that "Shu" was first used as a pseudonym. It is said that the story of this name with sinology implication is taken from China's Biography of the Book of Jin and Sun Chu. It is said that Sun Chu wanted to experience seclusion when he was young, so he told his friend Wang Ji that he would go to "wash the stone pillow". Wang Ji said to him, "flow can't be pillow, stone can't be washed." Sun Chu then argued: "Pillow flow is ear washing; Stone washing is to sharpen teeth. " This story shows Sun Chu's indomitable spirit. Kinnosuke's pen name "Shu Shi" is in line with his strong will, but there is another saying that Kinnosuke and Sun Chu are both regarded as eccentric people, so the allusion of "Shu Shi" is used as a metaphor.
Since then, the life purpose of "based on literature" has been clarified. At the same time, he realized that learning English became an inevitable trend. Only by mastering English can he keep up with the trend of the times, become a powerful country and become a social elite.
1890, 23-year-old Natsume Sozaki entered the English Department of the Liberal Arts University of Imperial University of Tokyo and made great achievements. He publishes academic papers from time to time. Therefore, as soon as he graduated from 1893 University, he successfully entered Tokyo Normal University under the recommendation of the president, and actively participated in the haiku innovation movement in Masaoka Shiki. Two years later, he resigned to teach at Songshan Middle School in Ehime Prefecture and transferred to Kumamoto Fifth College the following year. Since then, he has been a teacher until he was 33 years old. ( 1900)
1900, Natsume Soseki went to study in Britain for two years on the orders of the Ministry of Education. Natsume Soseki is not complacent because of his excellent performance in English. Compared with the Chinese people's efforts to learn from the West after the Meiji Restoration, Sosuke Natsume actively created and published many poems and haiku based on his original sinology and Japanese.
A hard-working career naturally affects physical and mental health. At the age of 27, he contracted tuberculosis. In order to recuperate, he went to Yuanjue Temple in Kamakura to attend meditation. The life of meditation enriches the theme of his future creation, but his condition has not improved much. Coupled with neurasthenia, his world-weariness was germinated. Not long after returning to Tokyo, she married Nakagen Jing and was promoted to professor in the same year. However, Spiegel later attempted suicide because of hysteria, which cast a shadow over her peaceful family life. While studying abroad, Natsume Soseki realized that the so-called English literature was very different from the English he had known before. Mastering English is not enough to strengthen the country's strength, which makes the ideal of survival in summer almost shattered. Coupled with the lack of funds for studying abroad, his wife seldom wrote letters because of pregnancy, which aggravated his neurasthenia. He suffered from neurasthenia until he returned to China, but it also stimulated him to concentrate more on writing.
1903 returned to Japan, where he worked as an English professor in the No.1 higher school and a lecturer in English literature in the University of Tokyo. He often wrote haiku and essays for Du Fu magazine.
1905, at the age of 38, he published a short story "I am a cat" in Du Fu magazine, which was well received and serialized again and again at the request of readers. Inspired by this, Soseki gained creative motivation, and the next decade was the peak of his creation. Subsequently, the novella Brothers (also translated as Young Master), Accommodation and the collection of short stories Yang (originally a collection of short stories, later renamed, see Yang Xu, Yanbo Bookstore Edition) came out one after another, and they became famous writers in Japanese literary circles.
1907 resigned from the teaching post, engaged in professional creation, and wrote serial novels for Asahi Shimbun. The novel "Young Mermaid Grass", which discusses love and inheritance, began to be serialized, and then the trilogy "Sanshiro", "Later" and "Door" came out one after another. Soon after, Fu Zi caught up with the Great Uprising and shocked the cultural circles. His creation changed from criticizing the objective reality to revealing the subjective world. His representative works include the Spring Equinox Season, Pedestrian and Heart trilogy. The last works of his life are the autobiographical novel Straw and the unfinished Light and Shadow.
19 1 1 refused to accept the title of doctor awarded by the government. 19 16 died of gastric ulcer.
After his death, Natsume Sozaki donated his brain and stomach to the Faculty of Medicine of Imperial University in Tokyo. His brain is still preserved in the University of Tokyo.
1984, his head was printed on the paper money of 1000 yen (now it has been replaced by the bacteriologist Hideki Noguchi (のぐちひでよししし).
Main work
I'm a cat (our cat)-1905.
(Fang's brother.
Yu Meiren (ぐびじんそぅ)-1907
Sanshiro (さんしろぅ)-1908
Since then (それから)- 1909.
Door (もん)- 19 10 years
After the spring equinox (the opposite has passed ひがんすぎまで)- 19 12 years.
Pedestrian (ゆきひと)- 19 12 years
Heart (こころ)- 19 14 years
Cao Cao (みちくさ)- 19 15 years.
Light and shadow (めぃぁん)- 19 16, posthumous work.
collect
Ji (よぅきょしゅぅ)- 1906)
Ten Nights in a Dream (ゆめじゅぅや) —— A collection of short stories.