In this era, everyone is impetuous and has little patience to read a lot of things. And many classics or materials themselves are particularly boring and really not so good to read.
How to read more efficiently?
? Omnidirectional reading
Su Shi, a famous scholar in ancient China, is also known as Su Dongpo. He is a famous writer, calligrapher and painter, and he is one of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties. Su Dongpo is diligent in reading all his life, and he is also good at reading and pays attention to reading methods. He once talked about a very important reading method.
The background of this reading method is as follows:
Once, Su Shi wrote a letter to his niece Wang Yao (Xiang Ersheng). Wang Yao, a young genius, especially likes reading. At the age of 18, he vowed to read all the books in the world and then take notes on them.
Su Shi is worried because he thinks Wang Yao is creative and energetic, but there is not enough precipitation. So he wrote a letter to Wang Yao.
"I want a teenager to be a scholar, and every book counts. There are as many books as the sea, which are available in department stores. People's energy can't be all-encompassing, but they are all in their place. Therefore, I hope that scholars will ask questions one by one. If you want to control the chaos of the rise and fall of ancient and modern times and the role of sages, but if you want to do so, don't give birth to Yu Nian. Don't do it again, but also ask for deeds, seek laws and seek cultural relics, and so on. He imitated this. Although this is pedantic and blunt, it will be attacked on all sides when you learn it in the future, which is different from amateurs. ? -Su Shi's "Answering Wang Shuyu"
This letter is about all-round reading. Every word is meticulous and every word is dry.
"I want a teenager to be a scholar, and every book counts."
"Humble" is my opinion. That is to say, I think if teenagers want to learn, I suggest reading a book several times.
How to read it?
"There are so many books in department stores. People's energy is unacceptable, but they can get what they want. "
Books and materials are like the sea, and the contents involved are like countless treasures hidden in the sea. Our life is limited. If you put your limited life into infinite reading, the whole person will easily get lost.
In order not to lose our way, in order to understand these things and absorb them efficiently, what we need to do is to "get what we want" and study and read with the purpose as the guide.
In other words, every time we read something, we must set ourselves a question and a task.
There is a saying: if you don't know which port you are going to, every gust of wind is against you. Actually, this is what Su Shi said.
"So, I hope that scholars will make one intention at a time."
A person who is willing to learn always stares at a point when he studies.
"If you want to rise and fall in ancient and modern times, the sages will play a role, and you want it to do this."
The first time you study, you should read the rise and fall of ancient times, at the political level; The second time, you can read the role of sages and the role of these sages and historical figures in it.
Therefore, "don't worry too much", don't worry about anything else, just explore this aspect, and don't have other ideas, so as not to distract your energy.
"Don't do it again, for deeds so real laws and cultural relics, and so on. He imitates this. "
In addition, read it again, explore the deeds of people, old historical events and typical anecdotes, and adopt this method. Exploring other aspects can follow this approach.
After repeated several times, because I have a clear direction and know what problems need to be solved, I will have a clear solution when reading. This reading efficiency is very high.
Su Shi himself said, "Although this is pedantic and blunt, I will learn it in the future, and I will be attacked on all sides, so I can't be mentioned in the same breath as an amateur."
This means that although this reading method looks a bit clumsy, it is solid and can cope with many tests after completion. People who read in general, dabble in and read casually can't compare with this.
? Why is it called "surrounded by enemies" reading?
When Su Shi said this view, the word "surrounded by enemies" appeared, so later generations called his reading method "surrounded by enemies". The word "being attacked on all sides" was used by Su Dongpo to talk about reading by using military terms in Sun Tzu's Art of War. In other words, reading is like using troops, so we should do "I specialize and divide the enemy". If you are attacked from all directions, you should not attack from all directions at the same time. Instead, we should gather all the troops, then attack the enemy's side, surpass them in number, divide and surround them again and again, and achieve the effect of divide and conquer one by one.
Su Shi introduced Sun Tzu's art of war into reading, opposed eating dates raw and tasting them, and advocated that every time he read, he only concentrated on dealing with one problem, breaking them one by one and thoroughly digesting them.
Repeatedly study and solve different problems from different needs or different angles. In this way, you can read the whole book step by step, and the book will be "thick"
For Su Shi, the most difficult thing is not the political frustration that has been repeatedly demoted, nor the poverty that is often sent to the wilderness, but the lack of books. But on a second thought, he came up with a new idea. It is the method of "being attacked on all sides". A book has to be read several times, and each time there is only one theme to explore and study, just like reading several books.
? How to use this method specifically?
When Su Shi studied Hanshu, every time he copied it, he had a very clear purpose: to learn the way of governing the country for the first time; Learn the method of using soldiers for the second time; The third study of man and control. After several times, he had a good understanding of Hanshu.
When you meet a good book, you must read it repeatedly, so that you can be "attacked on all sides" and understand the essence through partial reading.
Li Ciming, a scholar in the late Qing Dynasty, called it "a good prescription for intensive reading".
Mao Zedong praised Su Dongpo in "Rural Survey": "Su Dongpo is also right to study history by being attacked from all sides and Song Dynasty by being attacked from all sides. Today, when we study China society, we should also divide it into four parts: politics, economy, culture and military by the method of "being attacked on all sides" and draw the theory of China Revolution. "
When Ma Boyong wrote The Longest Day in Chang 'an, he used Su Shi's reading method of "being attacked from all sides" to read An Examination of Two Sides in Sui and Tang Dynasties, which is an examination certificate. If you just read this book, it will be boring. He said that he had read several pages and almost fell asleep. Why? Because at that time, he didn't think of anything to write, just looking around. This lack of goals and tasks is very easy to make people tired. Don't say you are creative, you can't even read.
But when he wants to write a novel about Chang 'an and then read this book, he will get a lot of inspiration and ideas immediately.
This is because I have a purpose and need to study. Look at it with a purpose, a task and your needs, and then you can see a new and different world.
Especially now, in the era of information explosion, we are exposed to too much information. First, it brings us into contact with more unexpected fields before; Two: This will cause us to get lost in the whole information base.
Therefore, Su Shi's reading method is even more precious. Because he showed us the direction and method. As long as you follow this road, you can find what you want, such as creativity and inspiration, in the database and a lot of information.
Read again and again, with questions, with purpose, with needs, and work harder. Efficient reading needs methodology.