Huangshi Mountain and Huangshi inkstone in Fangcheng County were famous all over the world in the Tang Dynasty, and now they have regained their former glory.
Huangshi Mountain is located in the northeast edge of Nanyang Basin and is rich in Huangshi inkstone. This mountain is not high. It is called "Huangshi" and is located in Fangcheng County, Henan Province. In autumn, the mountains are covered with hay and dead trees.
Stones with green, yellow, purple or crimson eyes. What you step on the ground, what you look up at, what you stop to lean against when you are tired, and what you sit on to rest are all these purplish and delicate stones, which are local.
People use them to make a kind of "Huangshi inkstone", which has the quality of jade and sounds like a chime.
Historical origin of Huangshi inkstone
Huangshi inkstone is one of the five famous inkstones in China, which began in the Tang Dynasty and flourished in the Song Dynasty. It is a good product appreciated and cherished by painters and painters of all ages. As early as the Song Dynasty, Mi Fei, a famous painter, described this cloud in his monograph "History of Inks":
"Tang Zhou Fangcheng Gexian Gongyan, seen from the sun, looks like jade, like light, like mud, not slippery, slightly polished, and the ink has hung down ... for a long time, the ink has been glowing, like paint, bright, impermeable and outdated.
As time goes by, it is often like a new success, with the virtue of a gentleman, purple and lovely color, smooth and rhythmic voice, and Zhan Ye. Like the moon, like a star without dizziness. As a master of calligraphy and painting, Mi Fei collected many famous inkstones in his life. however
On the one hand, Huang Shishan's genuine purple inkstone has always been a "human treasure" in his heart. Huang Tingjian, a great calligrapher who was one of the "Four Bachelor of Sumen" in Song Dynasty, got a piece of Huangshi inkstone from a good friend and couldn't put it down.
And hid it, personally boarded Huangshan, and endowed it with "exploring the capsule and giving it to research, not far from Huangshan; It is a poem of praise, because knowing that the mountain itself is beautiful in material, it can be used as a poor search. Under the influence of many literati and celebrities, Huang
The inkstone platform began to walk out of the "inkstone tile stone ditch" at the northern foot of Huangshi.
In the 1980s, the long-lost sound of quarrying and inkstone carving began to reverberate in the mountains of Huangshi. 1993 10, China Huangshi inkstone won the gold medal in China International Calligraphy and Painting Expo; one
1994, China Huangshi inkstone participated in the national inkstone exhibition and won two gold medals in stone and craft. Since then, Huangshi inkstone has once again "emerged".
Six characteristics of Huangshi inkstone
Huangshi inkstone enjoys a long-standing reputation and is favored by literati because of its excellent quality, uniqueness and uniqueness. This inkstone is delicate and hard, with six characteristics: jade,
The water is not dry, the sound is like a chime, the color is changeable, and the ink is like oil, like cream, like grease. Experts said: Huangshi inkstone belongs to ancient sedimentary rock, with fine stone grains and hardness of 2.6-3.0, which belongs to nephrite and can be touched by hands.
Warm rhyme is not astringent, its density is moderate, and the sound is slow, neither heavy nor stuffy when struck by an object, which makes people feel comfortable.
Due to the different textures of sedimentary rocks, Huangshi inkstone has formed distinctive features of different colors and colors, including purple stone, bluestone, purple stone, inkstone and water hyacinth stone.
The color of purple stone is standard horse liver color, and it is positive purple after wetting. Fine texture, smooth as jade, good inking performance. The ground ink is as bright as paint and oil, and it will be as fresh as it is now after a long time.
Similarly, the sound made by grinding ink is peaceful and rhythmic.
Violets are purplish, blue in color, or blue-gray, and have the luster of peacock feathers, which can also be called "malachite". It is as delicate as orthoclase, and more simple and elegant, and its hardness is 2.6 degrees as orthoclase.
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Bluestone is cobalt blue or bluish gray, and also has peacock tail feather luster, with obvious texture or stars occasionally, uniform structure, consistent layering, pleasant knocking sound and high yield, which is most suitable for making bamboo inkstones.
Reflect the tall and straight bamboo and the spirit of breezy and bright festival.
The inkstone is gray and ink-colored, and the stone is as fine as purple stone, which is easy to ink. The ink produced by the ink is thin and thick, and it is impervious for a long time, smooth and moist, and the ink color is gorgeous and abnormal. But this kind of stone contains permeable layer, which is extremely rare and can be obtained.
Are regarded as treasures.
Water hyacinth stone is very rare. There are dots on the stone, which are different in size, much like eyes, some with eyes and pearls, some with pupils in the middle, and the outer layer is dizzy, up to eight or nine layers of "double eyelids". Right circle
Some are picturesque, some are green and green, and the beauty is abnormal. These are called "living eyes", and some of them are not clear and bright, or just a white dot. These are extremely rare stones. The inkstone made of Phoenix Stone is very beautiful.
The appreciation value is extremely high, coupled with exquisite carving, it has become a rare treasure with connected values.
Quarrying depends entirely on manpower.
Quarrying stones from the mountain, and then carrying them to the foot of the mountain to make inkstones, all rely on shoulders to carry their backs and step out with their feet bit by bit. Thousands of years have passed, and even now, the narrow narrow path on the mountain still cannot pass through any moment.
As a means of transportation, people often see craftsmen quietly waiting for the quarrymen who carry stones to trip on the mountain.
According to an inkstone artist, the stones on Huangshi Mountain can't be mined with explosives because they are soft and can't withstand violent impact. The stones on the mountain surface are useless, there are only two underground.
Rice grains can keep their original fineness and integrity. The process of quarrying is actually a hand-carved process, or the first knife to make inkstone carving is the rough ones criss-crossed by quarrymen and covered with hard cocoon layers.
Rough hands start.
At the foot of Nanshan Mountain in Huangshi is the village that produces inkstones. When it comes to Huangshi inkstone, almost all the local old people know this very well, and everyone can make it by hand. According to an old local artist who made inkstones,
The processing procedure of Huangshi inkstone is first quarrying, which comes from Huangshi Mountain in Dushu Town, Fangcheng County. Then choose stones, that is, choose which stones can be used to make inkstones. Choosing stones before making embryos, which used to be purely manual.
Up to now, workers have a processing machine to cut stones into inkstone blanks by machinery. After the design of the inkstone blank is completed, a pattern frame is drawn on the inkstone blank according to its color, size and thickness.
Frame. Then use modern mechanical carving tools to cut, carve and carve rough patterns according to the patterns, such as dragons, phoenixes and lotus. Carefully carved, workers carefully carved various vivid and exquisite patterns with hand carving knives. finally
In a polishing process, the carved patterns are polished into smooth surfaces by hand, so a beautiful Huangshi inkstone was born in the hands of these skilled craftsmen.
The ancestors in the village have been grinding and carving inkstones for a living since ancient times. "Yanshanpu's daughter can't spin flowers, but everyone can grind inkstone tiles." All ancient women were proud of being proficient in needlework, while women in this village were proud of carving stones.
It can be seen that the popularity of inkstone making in the village at that time and the influence of inkstone making culture on local humanities were great.
Industrial development and growth
Since the Qing Dynasty, due to the influence of the times and the limitation of processing equipment, the research and development of Huangshi inkstone has been relatively slow. In recent years, Fangcheng Huangshi inkstone has really developed by leaps and bounds, and now Huangshi inkstone processing enterprises
It has grown to more than ten. From the past pure hand carving to the enjoyment of manual and mechanical carving, from the past few artists carving to the joint venture, collective and individual-driven farmers' rich industry. Fangcheng Huangshi
Inkstone wins by quality, wins the favor of users with various colors and varieties, and is listed as a national gift for international friends by the Ministry of Light Industry. Won a number of national gold medals, and has developed nearly 100 new products.
With an annual output of 50,000 square meters of high-quality inkstone, the products are exported to 26 provinces and cities in China, Japan, the United States, Hongkong, Taiwan Province and other countries and regions 10.
According to insiders, the current Huangshi inkstone has surpassed its former glory from stone design to sculpture, showing off a large number of people and having broad development prospects. At present, the famous inkstone materials such as Duanyan and She Yan are almost exhausted and far from saturated.
It can't meet the market demand, but Huangshi inkstone is rich in stones and suitable for comprehensive development. Shi Gui has eyes. The eyes, pupils, rings and halos of the Phoenix Stone in Huangshi inkstone are very clear, while the ponytail, water ripples,
Texture patterns such as landscape patterns, moire patterns, gold lines, silver lines and green lines are also colorful, which is convenient for modeling according to materials and performing arts according to types. In addition, Huangshi inkstone has formed a hundred-person design during its development.
The carving technical team, some of which are designers and sculptors, have unique attainments in the same industry in the Mainland.
According to reports, in order to better promote the brand of "Huangshi inkstone", the local government is actively doing four things: First, setting up the organization of Huangshi inkstone association, taking the association as a link to solve the problem of quarrying in a unified way.
, processing and sales. The second is to build Huangshi inkstone technology research center, organize technical cooperation and tackle key problems, and further develop high-precision Huangshi inkstone products. Third, the stone resources of Huangshi inkstone.
Geological exploration is carried out to locate and quantify five kinds of stones, such as bluestone, purple stone, blue purple stone, inkstone and water hyacinth stone. Fourth, protect stone resources, delimit the protection and mining scope of closing hillsides, and prohibit indiscriminate mining and digging.
Unified quarrying and unified sales.
With Fangcheng Huangshi inkstone getting more and more attention from collectors at home and abroad, Huangshi inkstone industry will further develop and expand, go out of the Central Plains and go to the world.