Zhang Xiaoxiang
A famous poet and calligrapher in the Southern Song Dynasty. (1132-1169), whose courtesy name was Anguo and whose name was Yuhu Jushi, was from Wujiang, Liyang (now northeast of He County, Anhui Province), and lived in Wujiang, Liyang (now He County, Anhui Province). Shaoxing Jinshi. Because he ranked first in the imperial examination, ranking above Qin Hui's grandson Qin Xun, he wrote a letter to plead guilty to Yue Fei after he ascended the throne. Qin Hui instigated his followers to falsely accuse Zhang Xiaoxiang of treason, and threw his father and son into prison. Qin Hui was released after his death. He has successively served as the school secretary and colographer of the National Historical Records Academy, living room manager, Quan Zhongshu room manager, military counselor of the Governor's Office, Fuzhou magistrate, and Jiankang left-behind. The style of his lyrics is heroic. "Six Prefectures Songtou" written when Jiankang was left behind, showed his passion for restoring national unity, and strongly condemned the Southern Song Dynasty regime for its obscurity. Zhang Jun, the minister who advocated the resistance to the Jin Dynasty, was moved by it. There are "Collected Works of Yuhu Layman" and "Complete Song Ci" which collect 223 of his poems. , among which the works that express patriotic thoughts and reflect social reality have the most outstanding achievements. For example, "Huanxisha Jingzhou invites Ma Ju to climb the tower first to watch" writes "Wanli Central Plains beacon fire north", expressing nostalgia for northern China under the rule of the Jin people; "Shui Diao Ge Tou·He Pang Youfu" writes "Cut the candle to watch Wu "Hook", "Strike the oath in the middle", expressing the enthusiasm of the Northern Expedition to resist the enemy. His masterpiece "Six Prefectures Songtou" and "Looking Away at Changhuai" summarized the social conditions in the more than 20 years since the Shaoxing Peace Conference and the defeat of Fuli in the first year of Longxing. He emphasized that the Southern Song Dynasty did not make border preparations, did not use talented people, and implemented The policy of humiliating and seeking peace expressed great indignation. The poem reads: "Hearing about the old people from the Central Plains, they often look south to see the bright green banners. When travelers come here, they are filled with loyalty and anger, and burst into tears." It is said that he wrote this poem on the Jiankang left-behind table at that time, Zhang Jun was deeply moved after reading it and left the banquet ("Shuo Yong" quoted "Records of the Government and the Wilderness"). Chen Tingzhuo's "Bai Yu Zhai Ci Hua" of the Qing Dynasty also said that this poem "is dripping and joyful, the pen is full of ink, and the reading makes people dance", which shows its great influence. Most of Zhang Xiaoxiang's poems are works that describe scenes, express feelings, and create ideas based on events, such as "Niannujiao·Li Si" and "Shui Tiao Ge Tou·Pan Xiangjiang River". Through the description of the "turmoil and evil everywhere" on the river and the condolences for Qu Yuan , expressing his feelings of being "wandering to the end of the world" and being innocently deposed. He often showed an open-minded and open-minded attitude towards life, which was obviously deeply influenced by Su Shi. For example, in "Moon over Xijiang·Dongting", "I have become accustomed to the world now, and my mind is at ease everywhere", and in "Huanxisha", "There is no boat tied to the world anymore, so my heart will not scare the gulls, but I will lie down and watch the waves and the floating sky." etc. , the clear and distant rhyme implies the author's complaints after suffering a severe blow. Another example is "Niannujiao·Crossing Dongting", which was written on the way back from Guilin in the second year of Qiandao (1166) after he was dismissed from office due to slander. The upper poem describes the scenery of Dongting Lake, which is "clear both inside and outside", while the lower poem expresses the noble mind of "the liver and lungs are all ice and snow". It was praised by the predecessors as the most outstanding poem among his works. This type of poetry has a clear and spacious realm and a desolate mood. Although it does not directly describe social reality, it shows the special color of that era.
It is said that Zhang Xiaoxiang "has always been a poet, but has never written a draft. His pen is vigorous and vigorous, and he can write it in an instant. If it is not done by accident at first, but after repeated observation, there is not a word that has no origin..., the so-called rapid hair is vigorous. , which is also based on the poet's syntax." (Tang Heng's "Preface to Zhang Ziweiya's Words") Because it is created based on passion, the emotions are coherent, passionate, the language is smooth and natural, and it can integrate the previous poems without any trace of carving. Zha Li said: "Yu Hu's poems have majestic melody, uplifting syllables, majestic yet elegant tone, slow meaning but sharp language" ("Tonggu Shutang Posthumous Manuscript"), which summarizes the basic characteristics of Zhang Xiaoxiang's poems. He also intentionally learned from Su Shi when writing lyrics, and most commentators believed that the two were very similar. For example, Tang Heng said: "Since Qiu Chi (Su Shi) has passed away, who can continue his path, except for the public?" ("Su Shi") Zhang Ziwei Ya's Ci Poetry Preface) Zhang Xiaoxiang inherited Su Shi's poetry and pioneered Xin Qiji's patriotic poetry school, occupying a relatively important position in the history of poetry.
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