According to textual research, leisure chapters originated in the pre-Qin period. For example, the original leisure chapters of ancient seals such as "Success", "Respect for Things" and "Yongsheng" are mostly regarded as auspicious things, which are valued by painting and calligraphy engravers and sometimes given to friends as gifts. Since the famous articles and sentences were printed and the printed spectrum appeared, the connotation of leisure chapters has been expanded, which is extremely elegant and philosophical and deeply loved by the world. After the Ming Dynasty, it became a common practice for literati to engrave it. Inherited to this day, it is more favored by painters and painters.
There are a lot of leisure chapters expressing encouragement and ambition. Lu You, a patriotic poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, once took the phrase "an old scholar walks at night and holds a candle" from his predecessors, and engraved a leisure chapter saying, "Old Learning Temple" as the name of his study to encourage himself to live and learn. Qi Baishi has the reputation of "three hundred lithography rich man". This "three hundred" seal is not a name seal, but a "leisure seal". He worked hard all his life, and after he became famous, he carefully carved leisure chapters and sentences, "Ghosts and gods are faking", which shows that when he is engaged in artistic creation, his attention is highly concentrated and his writing is like the realm of God's help. For example, Guo Moruo's "Precious for Gold", Li Keran's "There is no smooth road to the peak" and Wang Xiaju's "Strong Sunset" also express the self-encouragement and self-vigilance of the Indian owners. It shows that the chapter is small and profound, which is amazing.
Leisure articles expand the meaning of the topic, and some are also used to express their own life experiences and situations. Zheng Banqiao, one of the "Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou", inscribed several idle chapters, such as "Straight Dojo", "Self-interest is not inferior" and "Fear of others doubting my truth", which reflected self-examination and self-discipline and did not collude with corrupt officials. Kang Youwei had a seal of Yangwen Line before his death, which read: "Hundred days of the Reform Movement, 16 years of birth and death, covering four continents, 31 countries and 40 Wan Li." In a few words, the old story of the Reform Movement of 1898 is a clue. Xu Beihong, a master of Chinese painting, inscribed a meaningful collection chapter "Sad Life" on an ancient painting of "Eighty-seven Immortals Volume" and Ren Bonian's fan, which reflected his artistic pursuit.
Some leisure chapters record the author's situation and feelings, so as to send feelings of the past and express their hearts. Zheng Sixiao, a painter and calligrapher at the end of the Song Dynasty, wrote, "If you ask, you can't; I don't want peace, my eyes are wide open, and the breeze is always there. "Bai Li is just trying to introduce people who are interested." Wu Changshuo used the metaphor of "Anton's January Order" to ridicule. Modern writer Yu Dafu, also known as Yu Wen, is good at seal cutting. Before his death, he was engraved with a seal for his own use: "Depressed and elegant", which was based on the words in The Analects of Confucius. It is ingenious and decent, elegant and beautiful, and it is thought-provoking.
From the seal of the leisure chapter, we can also see the author's temperament and hobbies, which is full of interest. In the Ming Dynasty, after receiving the title of Xie Yuan, Tang Yin went to Beijing to take the exam. Because he was involved in the imperial examination case, he was exiled to Suzhou to sell paintings for a living. He often inscribed "Nanjing Xie Yuan" on his paintings. When Li Shutong was young, he witnessed the corruption of the Qing government, so he decided to advocate reform, which coincided with the Reform Movement of 1898. He wrote that "Nanhai Resistance Army is my teacher". He became a monk at the age of 30, and later he carved a casual chapter "Shaman's Eyes Open" to express his feelings about the world. When Zhang Daqian arrived in Taiwan Province Province, he drew an old tour map of Huangshan Mountain and gave it to his fourth brother Zhang Wenxiu at home. He has an "easy to leave" seal, which reads: "My brother is 82 years old and my brother is 68 years old. I can't see each other. What can I do? " The seal vividly shows the homesickness on both sides of the Taiwan Strait and deepens the artistic conception of the work.