Introduction to five series of calligraphy
Calligraphy is mainly divided into five departments: seal, official script, model, line and grass. However, according to the cultural background, personal cultural accomplishment and ideological connotation of the times, they present their own different calligraphy styles, so the characteristics of calligraphy vary from time to time and cannot be generalized. For example, in the early Tang Dynasty, four schools (Ou Yangxun, Yu Shinan, Chu Suiliang and Li Yong) were all famous for their regular script, and each had its own style. Su, Huang, Mi and Cai are famous for their running scripts, but they are all different. The following is a brief summary of representative books:
1. seal script
There is a big seal before the small seal, and the brushwork is thin and straight, and the strokes are not ups and downs. In 22 1 BC, Qin Shihuang unified China, abolished six foreign languages, and arranged by Prime Minister Lisi to simplify and unify fonts, which was later called? Xiao zhuan? The font is slightly long and neat, and the strokes are round and beautiful.
2. Official script
Official script is flat, neat and exquisite. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, stippling was beautified as upward provocation, with different degrees of severity, which enhanced the aesthetic feeling of calligraphy plastic arts, with diverse styles and greatly improved the artistic appreciation value.
3. Regular script
Also known as regular script? Real books? Real books? . It gradually evolved from official script and became more simplified. The font is changed from flat to square, and Han Li's wave potential is omitted in the strokes. It is horizontal and vertical, and it is characterized by neatness and regularity, so it is called Kai Fa, because this kind of calligraphy can be used as? Models? The popular writing style has been used to this day.
4. Running script
The running script is regular script. Legend began in the late Han Dynasty, and there was no neat regular script and no draft of cursive script. Running script with or close to regular script is called. Open letter? , with cursive or close to cursive? Grass? .
5. cursive script
Cursive script is to connect words with dots according to certain rules, which is simple in structure and borrowed from the side, rather than scribbling at will. The feature of cursive script is that its artistic appreciation value is greater than its practical value, and it is generally divided into Cao Zhang and Cao Jin. Cao Zhang is a simple and quick official script style, and the characters are independent and unconnected. Nowadays, Cao Cao is a quick script of regular script, and the strokes between the upper and lower strokes are often implicated.
Characteristics of calligraphy appreciation
1. Abstraction of lines in works
The lines in China's calligraphy are the traces of the calligrapher's inner emotional activities, which are different from geometric lines. They are vivid, emotional, powerful and vivid. However, it is difficult to know exactly what it is. For example, horizontally in a hinge.
In the eyes of onlookers, can it be regarded as? A thousand miles away? , can also be seen as? A steel bar? ; A little, okay? Peak falling rocks? , is it ok? Flat brick? It is difficult to express it in accurate language.
2. Subjectivity of calligraphy appreciation
Because calligraphy works are very strong? Ambiguous? (or call? Hazy feeling? ), sometimes just say the general feeling. In addition, calligraphy appreciation is a process of re-creation, which is bound to have the subjective color of the appreciator, that is, the so-called? Different people have different opinions, and wise people have different opinions? Let different audiences have different feelings and comments on the same work. There are three main reasons for this difference: First, it is influenced by political stance. According to China's traditional aesthetic concept, appreciating works means appreciating personality. If a person loses a lot politically and has a low moral character, people will not be ashamed of his calligraphy works, no matter how skillful and elegant they are. Su Dongpo said: Ancient storytellers also talked about his life, but he is not a human being, although his works are not expensive. ? For example, the ancients were annoyed with Zhao Meng's calligraphy. Although he was a leading figure in the calligraphy field in Yuan Dynasty, he developed a good command of pen and ink, but his character was not good, so it was difficult for him to become a great man. The second is influenced by hobbies. Some people like to be strong and simple, others like to be exquisite and chic, and so on. Green vegetables, each to his own liking? . This will inevitably affect the evaluation of calligraphers and their works. What is it called? Book saint? Dear Wang Xizhi, his calligraphy is beautiful and elegant, but some people talk about his works from a magnificent standpoint? Although it is beautiful, it lacks spirit, is not awesome, and there is nothing vivid and amazing. ,? Have a girl talent, no husband? . Third, influenced by the school philosophy. Every calligraphy school has its own ideological basis, creative tendency and artistic style in a certain historical period. So there is bound to be competition and even struggle with each other. Often praised the calligraphers and works of the same clan, but criticized or even slandered those of different clans. For example, Kang Youwei, as a representative of the monument school, strongly advocated the north monument and praised the beauty of Weibei. Whose is the tablet of the Northern Wei Dynasty? ; The calligraphy of Dong Qichang, a calligrapher who is famous for her beauty, has been strongly criticized and belittled. Bureau like a pony, timid as a woman for three days. . Because of this? Portal view? It is difficult to produce a fair comment.
3. Re-creation of calligraphy appreciation
Any kind of art appreciation is the re-creation of art, but the re-creation of appreciating calligraphy is obviously different from other art forms. When reading a novel, you can imagine the scene, atmosphere and appearance of the characters in the book according to your own life experience, while when reading a painting, you can establish a corresponding relationship between the image of the painting and the real thing. Appreciators always develop rich associations and imaginations based on their own knowledge and cultivation, and actively recreate calligraphy works. However, calligraphy is a highly abstract and simple line art, and it should not be said or figurative. Only thick or light, dry or moist lines are used to express the writer's feelings. Calligraphy is closer to music. Some people call it? Silent voice? The elements of music are melody and rhythm. Calligraphy is the same. Every stroke and every word is written rhythmically, with different priorities, and every line and article suddenly looks like it? Running thunder and falling rocks, flying beasts are scary? , suddenly? Landslide and tsunami? Suddenly, like a cool breeze and a bright moon. It's like different melodies in music, different music. Music can express joy, anger, sadness and joy, and can express different feelings such as passion, sadness, tragic and tranquility, and so does calligraphy. All kinds of arts should achieve the perfect unity of content and form. Text content is like lyrics, and calligraphy that expresses text content is like composing music for lyrics. Calligraphy should express the content of words as much as possible, so that calligraphy can be enjoyed together with the content of words or independently. Looking at calligraphy alone also has appreciation value, but it is not perfect, because it is a traditional national habit to appreciate with the written content. Just like we use it? Thin and golden? Want to write Yue Fei? Man jianghong? , if together? Strong and fierce? If you enjoy the content together, it is difficult to satisfy. In short, calligraphy appreciation has the characteristics of re-creation.