Mao Zedong said to He Qifang: I didn't answer your question about reviewing your preface until now. Besides strategic contempt, I should also pay attention to tactics. For specific ghosts, we should analyze them one by one, pay attention to tactics and attach importance to them. Otherwise, we cannot defeat it. Although this is only the preface of a book, Mao Zedong didn't give simple instructions, but took time to think carefully before giving suggestions.
At the same time, Mao Zedong personally added some contents: Is it true that the more we are afraid of ghosts, the ghosts will like us, be merciful and not harm us, and our cause will be suddenly enlightened, and everything will be bright and beautiful, and spring will bloom?
This is a story about Mao Zedong's love of books and thinking, which is recorded in The Reading Career of Mao Zedong. This book presents and deeply analyzes the reading realm of great men from five aspects: reading environment, reading content, reading methods, reading spirit and reading application.
Mao Zedong loved books all his life, and this friend accompanied him all his life. In his life, there are books in the bedroom, office, bathroom and swimming pool lounge. As this book concludes: books are everywhere, books are everywhere, books are everywhere, and books talk about everything. Just like the current "low-headed people" love mobile phones, they are inseparable and always accompany each other.
His office: In Mao Zedong's office in Fengzeyuan, there is a big desk under the west window, on which are Four Treasures of the Study, office paper, documents and a dozen pencils with medium hardness. If you look closely, you can see that the paint has fallen off on the right hand side of the desk, leaving a deep groove on the wrist of the right hand pillow. Many important articles, instructions and orders were completed here. For example, The People of China Stand Up, An Order to Chinese people's Volunteer Army, An Order on Correctly Handling Contradictions among the People, and so on, all reactionaries are paper tigers. There are all kinds of books on the bookshelf, and books are everywhere on the dining table, coffee table and rest bed.
His wooden bed: When you walk into Chairman Ziyunxuan's living room, you will be surprised to find that his wooden double bed is filled with almost half a bed of books from head to toe, and each book is covered with dense white notes, probably for convenience. These books are almost all thread-bound books. Chairman Mao has no habit of folding pages, which may be related to his work as a librarian in Beijing Library when he was young. Chairman Mao loves reading and cherishes books even more.
On a business trip; Mao Zedong would habitually wave his hand and "take these things away". In fact, it is said that before boarding the train, the old doorman will send two wooden boxes full of books and documents to the special train car two hours in advance, and put the books and newspapers on the desk, coffee table or sofa armrest according to the appearance of home. After getting on the bus, Mao Zedong wiped her face and began to read and work.
Mao Zedong read a wide range of books, including philosophy, theory, science, military affairs, religion, logic, history books, literature, foreign books and even comic books.
Study military affairs. When he was young, he began to study many famous war cases in the history of China, in which the weak defeated the strong and the few defeated the many. Such as the battle of Chengpu in Chu Jin, the battle of elevation in Chu and Han, the battle of Guandu, the battle of Battle of Red Cliffs and Feishui. During his long revolutionary career, he also studied Sun Tzu's Art of War and Guan Zi many times, and some ancient art books were kept by him for research and reference until his later years. He also paid special attention to absorbing nutrients from the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, The Water Margin, The Journey to the West and other literary books to clarify his military thoughts and operational principles.
During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, Mao Zedong also paid special attention to the study and research of foreign military theory. He carefully studied19th century Prussian military theorist clausewitz's On War. He not only read it by himself, but also organized other comrades to read it together, and organized the "clausewitz War Research Association" in his residence, Phoenix Mountain in Yan 'an.
Read Lu Xun. Mao Zedong greatly appreciated Lu Xun's "look on coldly with a thousand fingers, bow one's head and be a willing ox". In his speech at the Yan 'an forum on literature and art, he pointed out that these two poems should be our motto, demanding that "all literary and art workers who were born in party member, all revolutionaries and all revolutionary literary and art workers should follow Lu Xun's example, be cows of the proletariat and the people, and do their best until they die". Mao Zedong said, "My heart and Lu Xun's heart are interlinked. I like his frankness. He said that dissecting oneself is often stricter than dissecting others. " Even when he was nearly eighty years old and his health was getting worse, he still insisted on reading Lu Xun's works in bed.
Look at the copybook In Mao Zedong's view, appreciating famous copybooks is a good entertainment and the best rest. When I was in Yan 'an, a set of lower case in Jin and Tang Dynasties was always inseparable. After liberation, there are more opportunities to get copybooks, especially those of Wang Xizhi, Sun's book spectrum and Huai Su's autobiography. I can't put it down. I read, write, taste and ponder it over and over again. Mao Zedong said, "If you want to write well, you have to get up early. If you want to write beautifully, you have to be diligent." He also said: "Every word should have a post, and it should be typed in the post. "In fact, on the one hand, the Chairman's research on calligraphy is difficult to inherit, and on the other hand, he is brave in innovation. Today, we can see the vigorous, elegant, extremely varied and yet not losing the statutes, probably because of his calligraphy thoughts.
"No pen and ink, no reading" is his teacher Xu Teli's reading method, which Mao Zedong appreciates very much. Since his youth, Mao Zedong has been practicing this successful reading method and has never stopped. He believes that it is necessary to write ideas and take notes when reading.
(1) Marginal Comments: Mao Zedong wrote a Review of Ethical Principles with more than 15,000 words, which was written by German Kantian Paul and translated by Cai Yuanpei in his early years. Some of them are written on the top and bottom pages of the book or between the lines, and the smallest characters are like No.7, which can be seen clearly even with the help of a magnifying glass. As for what he thinks is inaccurate or wrong, he will be labeled as "not necessarily", "definitely useless", "I don't think it should be based on this" and "I have another opinion here". For example, he wrote in the margins of Biography of Li Yifu, Biography of Yang Zaien and Biography of Liu Youqiu in Old Tang Book: "Li Yifu hides the knife in his smile", "Yang Zaien is a wise man" and "Liu Youqiu can stretch but not bend". A few figures express the "opinions and experiences" of reading very incisively and vividly.
(2) Excerpts: Young Mao Zedong is used to extracting wonderful sentences and chapters from books, or writing down reading notes and experiences at any time. Listen and write "lecture notes" in class, write reading notes by yourself after class, select and copy the whole selected transcript, and extract the essence. * * * There are several baskets. During the Yan 'an period, Mao Zedong read Ai Siqi's Philosophy and Life, with an excerpt of about 3,000 words.
(3) Marks: For decades, every time Mao Zedong read a book or an article, he had to draw circles, bars, dots, triangles, forks, question marks and other symbols in important places. He wrote down the specific meanings of these symbols in his notebook. Many paragraphs and chapters in Das Kapital and Producers' Party Manifesto read during the Yan 'an period were circled and marked. Since the early 1950s, he has been accompanied by a set of thread-bound books "Twenty-four History" in the Qianlong period, which is an 850-volume tome. From beginning to end, every volume has been corrected by him. In addition, many books and classics of Mao Zedong collected in Zhongnanhai are repeatedly read, and each time they are read, they have to be circled with a pen of one color, resulting in a spectacular scene of Zhu Mo and dotted lines.
(4) Comments and recommendations: Nowadays, many people have a lot of confused ideas, which may be sorted out after reading these two books. 1958 1 1 Faced with some people's misunderstanding, Mao Zedong emphasized in his letter to the Party Committee members of the Central Committee and provinces, municipalities, autonomous regions, prefectures and counties that, if nothing else, he suggested that comrades read two books, one is Stalin's Socialist Economic Problems in the Soviet Union, and the other is Marx and Engels' theory. Everyone must watch it carefully three times. When reading, you can discuss in groups, chapter by chapter, and you can understand it in two to three months.
In the 1950s, I read Biography of Zhang Lu and Biography of Guo Jiachuan, and made suggestions to the Party. When recommending Guo Jiachuan, I hope that leading cadres will be inspired by it, and they should "think more" and "seek more" when speaking and doing things, and oppose less arbitrariness.
In the final analysis, the purpose of reading is ultimately application. 1943, Chiang Kai-shek, in order to seize the achievements of the Anti-Japanese War, threw out the book The Destiny of China, viciously cursed the * * * production party and its anti-Japanese armed forces, and threatened to solve the * * * production party within two years. This book was touted by the Kuomintang as a "beacon of thought" and a "pointer to future efforts". 1945, Mao Zedong gave a powerful reply at the Seventh National Congress of the Central Committee: "China has two fates, one is that someone wrote a book; Our congress represents the fate of another China, and we also want to write a book. " This book is about the coalition government.
Jia Yi's Fu on Pengniao in Han Dynasty is of great artistic value. Mao Zedong has read it more than ten times, but it is still not enough. He took this opportunity to talk about his views on life and death: "Many people just can't figure this out. If people don't live for a hundred years, they will always worry for a thousand years. They think about the impossible all the time, and even delay what they can do! Both Qin Huang and Hanwu wanted to live forever, and finally they ended up with' The Great Wall of Wan Li is still here today, but Qin Shihuang was not seen then'. In fact, everything is just a process, and so is a person's life. "
Wang Guowei, a litterateur in Qing Dynasty, put forward that reading has three realms. He said in "Words on Earth": "The great cause of ancient and modern times and the questioner of the university must go through three realms:' The west wind withered the green trees last night. A person in a tall building, watching the end of the world. So is this first place. My belt is getting wider and wider, and I don't regret it because of Iraq.' So is this second environment. Looking for him in the crowd, suddenly looking back, the man was in the dim light. So is this third place. "Simply put, it is accumulation, perseverance and return to nature. Mao Zedong did it.
The triple realms of Xu reading are: knowing, being for oneself and being a person. Knowledge is to accumulate knowledge and increase knowledge, knowledge and wisdom; For myself, it is what the ancients said: cultivate one's self-cultivation, correct oneself and cultivate one's personality, morality and sentiment. What I mean by "being a man" is not a person who decorates himself for others as scholars say today, nor is it the kind of "for others" as some people understand, but what he yearns for, that is, what I want to express is "reading for the people". Mao Zedong did it.
On the other hand, it seems that China people like to screen more than other countries, and spend far more time on the media than other countries. Fragmented time can be used, but fragmented reading will not produce deep thinking, so it is difficult to produce valuable gains.
We should not only study, but also learn to read. I hope that in the media environment, we can keep the consciousness of reading like the great Mao Zedong, and truly achieve: knowing, being ourselves and being human.