Shexian County in the lower reaches is located in the mountainous area of southern Anhui, with tall and straight peaks, winding mountains, rolling hills, criss-crossing valleys and diverse landforms. Huangshan stands tall in the northwest, Tianmu Mountain-Baiji Mountain stands tall in the southeast, and Jianjiang River, Xin 'anjiang River Valley and Lianjiang River Valley are the intersection of the two mountain systems. The main landform types are: Zhongshan. There are three topographical areas in Zhongshan: Huangshan Mountain, Tianmu Mountain and Baiji Mountain, which are distributed in the border areas of northwest, northeast and southeast China and neighboring counties. In this area, the surface is cut strongly, the hillside is steep, the rocks are staggered, the ravines are criss-crossed, the mountains are high and the valleys are deep, the peaks are sharp, and the Gu Duo is V-shaped. This mountain consists of granite, rhyolite, andesite, sandstone, phyllite and other rocks. Low mountain, elevation 635- 1000m, relatively higher than 300m m. The low hills with large undulations are mainly distributed in the peripheral areas of Zhongshan, with steep mountain slopes and the same rock composition as Zhongshan. The low hills with small undulations are mainly distributed in the transition zone from mountains to hills or basins, with gentle slopes. The rocks are composed of granite, shallow metamorphic rocks, sandstone and limestone, with a total area of 166.56 square kilometers. High mountains and hills, below 635 meters above sea level, are relatively 200-300 meters high. Mainly distributed in the outer edge of low mountains and the inner side of basins and valleys. It consists of sandy phyllite, thousands of sandstone and clastic rocks. The dome is blunt and sharp, maintaining a certain ridge direction, and the general slope is about 30 degrees. Low mountains and hills, with an altitude of less than 550 meters and a relative height of less than 200 meters, are mainly distributed in mountain basins, the inner side and the bottom of valleys. The rocks are mainly composed of shallow metamorphic rocks, limestone and red glutenite, which are distributed in the east-west direction. The top of the mountain is gentle and exposed strongly, mostly round and partially exposed, with a slope of less than 20 degrees. Valley, generally less than 200 meters above sea level. Most of them are distributed in bands. Lianjiang river basin 1 12.50 square kilometers is located in a depressed basin in Jiangnan ancient land. Jurassic and Cretaceous strata constitute the basement of the deposit, with deep valleys and common bedrock exposed at the bottom. On both sides of the river are multi-stage terraces composed of alluvial gravel and multi-stage sediments. Jixi county in the upper reaches is located near 30 north latitude and 160 km east of the East China Sea, which belongs to the north subtropical monsoon climate. The territory is mountainous and has a high terrain. Affected by the terrain, compared with the plain area of the same latitude, the temperature is lower, the precipitation is more, the sunshine is less, the wind is weaker, and it shows vertical differentiation. In spring, the temperature rises rapidly and there are many rainy days. In autumn, the temperature drops quickly and there are few rainy days. Spring and autumn are very short, in fact, it is the transitional season between winter and summer.
The downstream mainly belongs to the humid monsoon climate with thick mountains on the northern edge of subtropical zone. Spring lasts for 66 days from March 16 to May 20. In the season, the wind direction and temperature are changeable, from warm to cold, from cloudy to sunny, which is the season with the most weather changes. This is the result of the fierce struggle between the cold and warm air currents in the north and south, which led to the seesaw situation. According to the analysis of meteorological data for many years, in early spring, the warm and humid air flow in the Pacific began to push from south to north, forming spring, but the cold air in the north still moved southward frequently, often squeezing out the warm air around the vernal equinox and Tomb-Sweeping Day, forming a "clear and rainy" low-temperature and rainy climate. Summer lasts from May 2 1 to September 25, and the duration is 128 days. The temperature rises gradually in the season, the warm and humid airflow is controlled, and the plum rain is remarkable; After entering the midsummer, the weather is hot, large-scale rainfall is rare, southerly winds and local thunderstorms, high temperature and high humidity are the most vigorous seasons for plants and crops. In individual years, heavy rains are concentrated, resulting in floods, or continuous drought and high temperature, resulting in drought. Autumn lasts for 56 days from September 26th to165438+1October 20th. Although the seasonal temperature shows a downward trend, it is still higher than the spring temperature 1-2℃, mostly in autumn, with sunny and rainy days, and the temperature is relatively stable. The average rainfall only accounts for 14% of the annual rainfall, and rainy days only account for 20% of the annual rainy days, which is conducive to the flowering and fruiting of crops. After the cool autumn, due to the influence of the return of the sun, there are often "Chongyang in September" and "Xiaoyangchun in October". Because of the cold air, there are also bleak autumn winds and continuous autumn equinox cold weather. Winter lasts from 10/65438+21in October to 15 in March of the following year, with a duration of 1 15 days. In the season, the cold air in the north goes south and the temperature drops sharply. The temperature dropped by 5.9℃ in 65438+February. The annual average temperature is 5.6℃, and the number of days below zero 12 days. The general trend is that cold air takes the lead, the climate is less rainy and cold, and there are more winds in the northwest. Heavy snow, extreme cold and dry wind freezing often occur in the cold weather on March 9. Jixi County, located in Huayang Town, is recorded in the Records of Jixi County by Qingganlong. Huayang Town "Han system, today's city is also its reason." Since then, it has been the seat of county administration. It is located in the south-central part of the county, and the Yangzhi River flows through the whole territory from northeast to southwest. It covers an area of 33 square kilometers. Low mountains in the north and east, hills in the west and south, and basins in the middle. The territory is the main industrial belt of Jixi, with 774 county and township enterprises such as machinery, chain, cement, fertilizer, silk reeling, weaving, building materials, clothing, furniture, printing, gray mold and so on. Anhui-jiangxi railway and Wutun highways are parallel, with county and township highways extending in all directions and convenient transportation. It is the political, economic, cultural and educational center of this country. The county seat is located at the intersection of Tunxi River and Ruxi River which flows into Yangzhi River. In the fifth year of Song Qianlong, that is, in the sixth year of Li Yu, Queen of the Southern Tang Dynasty (967), the city wall was built. The city is oval, with Wulongling in the north, Longtian in the south, mountains and Mashan in the west and Yanghe in the east. In * * * Jixi County Party Committee, county people's government, county people's congress, county CPPCC North Street. The town people's government is located in Huancheng East Road.
Shexian county, located in Huizhou town, is located in the middle of the county, where mountains and rivers meet. It faces mountains in the east, water in the north and southwest, and ancient county town in the east, which is a small mountain basin; To the west is the ancient city, separated from the ancient county by Doushan and Changqingshan (namely Wuliao Mountain). Fengle, Fuzi, Bushe and Yangzhi meet here to practice the river, and then flow eastward into Xin 'anjiang; Since then, the Zheng Wen Mountains have been winding eastward and connected with the Tianmu Mountains. The city site is "the mountains and rivers are made in heaven." Huicheng has a long history. According to the Records of Yuanhe County in Tang Dynasty, there was an ancient city of Gan Mao in Wuliaoshan at the end of Eastern Han Dynasty. From the end of the Han Dynasty to the Sui Dynasty, there was no record of changing the county system. At the end of Sui Dynasty, Hua Wang in Yining County rose up and moved the county seat from Wanshou Mountain in Xiuning County to build the county seat in the former site of Gan Mao City.
After that, in the last year of Qing Dynasty, it was a county, state, road and government city in 300 years, and the county government attached Guo Wucheng in 300 years. Until the thirty-fourth year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty (1 555), Shi Guifang, a magistrate of a county, advocated the construction of a county town, which was completed in 39 years. The county government is no longer subordinate to Guo. After the establishment of People's Republic of China (PRC), in order to facilitate the traffic, the north gate and Deshengmen of Fucheng, Ziyang Gate and Yuping Gate of the county were demolished successively, only the Chaoshui Gate and its Moon Gate of Fucheng, Xin 'anmen and Zhengwenmen of the county still existed, and the county walls were partially preserved. After 1979, a new district was built in the west of the city to protect the ancient city. 2 1 (1932) Jianzhen, with Jiabao in the bottom. In 32 years, there were seven guarantees for Yanghe, Center, Huangshan, North Street, Doosan, South Street and West Street in Fucheng, two guarantees for Shang Lu and Xinmin in the county, and three guarantees for Xiguan, Beiguan and Guguan outside the city. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the Baojia system was abolished, and there were streets in the town. 1950, Fucheng has four streets: Southwest, Zhonghe, Xinbei and Doosan. There are 1 streets in the county, five streets in Xiguan, Beiguan, Zhongjie, Nangong and Xin 'an, and there are 1 administrative villages outside the city. 1958, town changed to commune; 1965, restore the town system. Longchuan Hu Ancestral Temple is located in the south of Dakengkou Village, Yingzhou Township, Jixi County. Dakengkou was called Longchuan in ancient times. The ancestral hall was built in Song Dynasty, rebuilt from Jiajing to Jiajing in Ming Dynasty, and rebuilt in the 24th year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (1898). The ancestral hall covers an area of 1.564 square meters, and the length-width ratio is 2 1. The square in front of the temple, the watchtower, the fence, the cornerstone of the flag and the terrace are all granite. To the south, facing the wall across the Longchuan River, there is a bluestone slab bridge on the left and right. Rooms three and seven. The Qianjin gatehouse stands on the mountain, with double eaves and octagons, five steps and a width of 22 meters. The instrument door is 2.3 meters high and 3.4 meters wide. Stone drums and stone lions confront each other in front of the door. There are 10 square columns, 5 moon beams and 4 foreheads in the front and back direction of the gatehouse. The courtyard behind the gatehouse is13.77m deep and13.438+00m wide. The east and west corridors have 12 square columns and 24 moon beams respectively. Climbing over the four steps of the courtyard is the main hall of the ceremony, with a depth of17.47m, a width of 22.438+06m and a top height of 9.3m.. 14 ginkgo columns with a circumference of1.66m and 12 wax gourd beams form the roof truss. The columns are supported by lotus-shaped jujube columns and octagonal stone columns. The east-west sequence has 12 floor-to-ceiling doors with a height of 3.68 meters respectively. There were 24 fans at first, and now half of them are still there. The hall has two floors up and down, in front of which is a narrow yard. There are 24 landing doors with a height of 2.65 meters in the east-west corridor. Originally, the words "Longchuan Hushi Ancestral Hall" inscribed by Wen Zhiming in Ming Dynasty hung on the gatehouse. In front of the main hall, the original plaque was hung with the word "Ancestral Hall" and the inscription was "Rong Wang Ding in the last year of Jiajing" (uncle of Jiajing Emperor). There were originally two woodcut couplets hanging in front of the main hall. Plaques and couplets were removed during the Cultural Revolution. The whole building is made of brick, wood and stone, especially wood carving, which is famous for its richness, precision and beauty. There are shallow drift, deep drift, hollow, matching drift and line. The content is a collection of auspicious birds and animals, flowers, bamboo and wood, mountains and rivers, celestial bodies, aquatic animals, pavilions, operas, stories, people, Bo Gu and customs. It is praised by experts as "the palace of woodcarving art". 1982 10 was announced as a county-level key cultural relics protection unit. 1July, 986, promoted to provincial key cultural relics protection unit. National Cultural Heritage Administration allocated 95,000 yuan, 65,438+0987,65,438+065,438+0.00, and the renovation progress was carried out on September 65,438+02 of the following year. Later, it was promoted to the national key cultural relics protection unit.
Hu Shi's former residence is in Shangzhuang Village, Jixi County. It was built in the 23rd year of Guangxu (187). The main house faces south, with brick and wood structure, two rooms and three compartments, and the "Hui" shape leads to the building. It covers an area of 208 square meters and has a building area of 350 square meters. The facade is in the style of two columns and one door on the first floor, with brick carvings and kisses embedded on it. Sha Menghai, a contemporary calligrapher, wrote the words "Hu Shi's former residence" on the wooden board with a black background in front of the door. The front of the hall is arranged as before, with a table, a square table and a plush chair. The banner of "Hu Shi's Former Residence" is hung, and a portrait of Hu Shi's middle age is hung below. On both sides are couplets: "Walking in Wan Li for a long time, eyes are high and no one is there", written by Qian Juntao. There are tea tables and armchairs in the east and west, and Hu Shi's immediate family members are hung between the walls. On the west is the room where Hu Shi and Jiang Dongxiu got married. There are wooden beds, tables, chairs, cabinets and stools in the room. The front wing is where Hu Shi studied when he was a child. The annex to the East Room was used by Hu Jue (Hu Shi's second brother). On the two wings of the main hall, there are manuscripts and some works such as Hu Shi's family letters, Hu Jia's genealogy, calligraphy and painting donated by celebrities at home and abroad, poems and Hu Shi's "family portrait" photos. The back hall is shallow, with a portrait of Hu Shi's father's iron flower hanging in front and a photo of Hu Shi's biological mother, Feng Shundi, hanging in the east. There is a huge gold plaque on it, with the words "Holding the Festival in Xuanwei" written by Cheng Dongping, a city man, and the money was given by Zhu Yayun, the magistrate of Jixi County in the 31 ST year of the Republic of China. In the former residence 12 landing door, orchids were carved, and four window grilles were engraved with flowers and plants, which was written by Hu Mo, a master of ink mold. The former residence also displays photos of Hu Shi in various periods, Hu Shi's calligraphy "On the Extinction of Fan Zhen's Immortals", a hat given by Zhang Zhidong to Hu Tiehua, Hu Tiehua's Seven-Star Sword, imperial edict box and conch brought back from Taiwan Province. The back hall is connected with the kitchen in the east. /kloc-0 was listed as a county-level key cultural relics protection unit in September, 1986. The following year, the county people's government allocated funds for renovation in June 165438+ 10, and opened it to the domestic market in February 65438.
Xiaojiuhua Scenic Scenic Area is located in the northeast of Jingzhou Township, Jixi County. Picturesque, according to legend, "The King of Jiuhua Mountain's Earth Treasure once practiced penance here, hence the name" (Anhui Volume of China Dictionary of Places of Interest). Xiao Jiuhua Mountain is abrupt and has deep ravines, like several winding paths in Youlong. On the first mountain, the river twists and turns like a peninsula with a Tibetan temple on it. The mountains on the other side are like screens, and the Silverscreen Temple is in front of us. There are two strange peaks nearby: one is in the northeast of the hill, with a dangerous rock and a three-oblique slope, which looks like a pavilion with waterfalls on top and pedestrians on the bottom; 1. On the northwest side of the hill, the stone peak stands out beside the river bend, with sharp top side, rich curvature in the middle, round and long lower part, and covered with grass at the waist. The curved ring is like a knife, commonly known as "Wang Guan knife". The blade is 39 meters high. The four characters of the ancient book "Never grind" have been lost for a long time. In the 27th year of the Republic of China (1938), in July of the lunar calendar, villager Hu Zhongwu wrote "July 7th Memorial" on the website. 1965 10, Zhuangzi villager Zhang Bijin and others wrote a huge slogan "Long live the China * * * Production Party" on the top of the mountain. Rocks crisscross along the river, and the cross section is like a dam. There are many natural caves and deep pools, commonly known as "nine wells and eighteen dams", and several iron pots and pools are famous. There are ten scenic spots in Xiaojiuhua Scenic: the iron pot is deep, the silver screen drops green, the blade inserts clouds, the Hengyan Waterfall, the lion's mouth roars at the sky, the misty rain in Shuangxi, the five dragons catch pearls, the peak dusk, the spring water in Jiujing and the first snow in Meigang. There are many poems in past dynasties. During the Cultural Revolution, temples, monasteries and Buddha statues were destroyed. Today, it is still beautiful, and it is still a good place for tourism and summer vacation.
The first pass in Jiangnan, also known as Yaoyaoyan. East of Fuling Township, Jixi County, with an altitude of 424 meters. It is an important pass of Huizhou-Hangzhou ancient road and the main passage of Qingliangfeng. Guan Kouting, a character in the book who "runs through Jiangsu and Zhejiang". After crossing the first bridge in the south of the Yangtze River, the mountain is steep and rugged, among which Mopanshi, Tianguan Stone, Jiangjun Stone and Mishi Stone are the most peculiar. The peak rock is sandwiched between the north and the south, separated by a gully, and the Xiaoyao River winds through it. The north rock wall is embedded with granite slabs about 2 meters long, and a plank road is built, some of which are semi-suspended. A hole in the top sky is the entrance. From the foot of the rock to this point, it exceeds 1400. The first climber was dizzy and palpitation, walking slowly on the wall, afraid to look down. There is a stream of rocks in the stream, such as animal melons, piled up like mountains. The stream is ups and downs, whispering and roaring, sometimes trickling and sometimes rushing into a pool. The gate consists of four natural rocks and huge stone strips. The lintel is engraved with "the first pass in the south of the Yangtze River" in the west, and "the title of Shaodaotang built by the people of Huihang Lock and Key Tongzhi for two years" in the east. Close the door, mountain wind hunting, as if driving in the air. After entering the customs, the stone diameter decreased slightly, and it still lingered between steep walls. On the rock wall next to the Tea Pavilion in Guandong, there is a small history of the ancient road engraved: Song Baoyuan (1253 ~ 1257), and Hu Dan of Dashimen chiseled stones along the mountain for more than five miles. In Dadejian (1297 ~ 1307) and Beixiang (now Beicun) in the Yuan Dynasty, the Cheng family looked down on the danger and cut down stones as fences to block it, which made communication more secure. Ming Chenghua Square (1465 ~ 1487) was rebuilt for Wang. Later generations have repaired it. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, nearby villagers contracted to organize maintenance to this day. There is a "Erdao" temple in the pass, which was built by Hu Guisen of Hu Jia Village. In the spring of February1(1932) of the Republic of China, Cheng Zao and Cheng from Beicun went to Zhejiang to do business, sheltered from the rain and hung under a rock, which collapsed completely, and built a temple to show their condolences. Later, Shao Zaibing invested to build a stone pavilion next to it. The origin of the name of the first pass in Jiangnan: According to legend, Li Shixian, a courtier of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, passed this pass on 186 1 and praised it as a natural barrier; One said it was taken by Hu Zongxian in the Ming Dynasty.
Great Zhang Shan (Great Zhang Shan) belongs to Tianmu Mountain Range, spanning more than 50 peaks with an altitude of 1000 meters above sea level in Daxi County and Xiaoyao Township, collectively known as Great Zhang Shan, with an area of nearly 80 square kilometers. Shan Hai Jing and Xiang Fu Jing all say: Three Heavenly Kings Mountain, also known as Three Heavenly Kings Capital, Three Wangshan Mountain and Yushan Mountain. During the day, there are three tributaries under the pool, connecting Jinling, Gusu and Lin 'an, and finally merging into the sea. So san huang is also named after Lushan Mountain. "(Huizhou taught Zhou Zan" Six Tones "in Qing Dynasty). Legend has it that in ancient times, the Yellow Emperor and Rong Hegong came here to collect medicine and make an alchemy. In the Spring and Autumn Period, wuyue crossed this boundary, and Qin County was named after the mountain. "Green flowers all over the mountains" is a scene of ancient Huayang. There are tombs of emperors and prime ministers on the mountain. The main peak, Qingliang Peak (formerly known as Zhang Feng), is located in the southeast corner of Xiaoyao Township, with an altitude of1787.4m.. It is the highest peak of Tianmu Mountain and the highest peak of the county seat, with majestic mountains and deep ravines. Entering the mountain from the first pass in Jiangnan, the terrain is relatively flat. The natural ecology is complete, with more than 0/000 species of seed plants belonging to 120 family and 3/kloc-0 species of national protected plants; There are abundant animal resources, including muntjac, sika deer, leopard, clouded leopard, white-necked pheasant and so on 13 species. Known as another biological "Grand View Garden" in East China. Strange pines, strange rocks, sea of clouds and Tianchi are the four wonders of Liang Qing. There are some scenic spots, such as Liming Peak, Mother goddess peak, Stage Top, Baliyan, Baizhangyan, Carassius auratus Ridge, Daobei, Posting Stone, Hezhang Stone, Camel Stone, Lion Stone, Guanyin Stone, Immortal Treading on a Boat, Golden Tortoise Looking at the Tianmen, Monks Returning to a Nun, Eighteen Longtan, Welcome visitors, Riding Longsong, etc. There are many "small plains" on the peak, ranging from five or six acres to one acre. There are many arrows and bamboos, flowing springs and waterfalls, the pool water is not dry, and there are giant salamanders and willow fish. Looking into the distance on a sunny day, the peaks compete and show. Chu Qing after the rain often shows "Buddha's light". Origin of the name of the mountain:1In the summer of 953, experts from the Huizhou garrison who were protecting the Soviet Union visited the main peak and named it according to the climate characteristics. After that, the relevant departments of the county organized inspections many times. 1985, more than 20 scientific and technical personnel from provinces, prefectures and counties jointly formed a "comprehensive scientific investigation team of Qingliangfeng natural resources in Jixi County", and made a comprehensive investigation on the north slope of Qingliangfeng and its peak of 45,000 mu from May 17 to June 7. In February, 1986, Anhui provincial government approved it as a nature reserve.
Xigan, Yangzhi, Bushe, Fu Zi and Fengle meet in the west of Shexian, and the water flows straight to the west of Shexian. To the south of the city, the flow is smooth, but Sichuan is green, so it is called Xigan. Dry, shore, west dry, west bank. Pi Yunfeng, Chengyang Mountain, Ziyang Mountain and Longjing Mountain are connected with each other, with lush trees. The Taiping and Ziyang Second Bridges are reflected around, with willows hanging on the long embankment and green battlements around. Chengyang Mountain is the secluded place of Xu Xuanping in Tang Dynasty. Ziyang Mountain was the place where Zhu and his son read and gave lectures in the Song Dynasty. Pi Yunfeng is famous for Xin 'an Ancient Temple. In the second year of Tang Zhide (757), there were 24 monasteries, and Piyun Pavilion was set up at the end of Zhenyuan. Later, towers and temples were built, pavilions and pavements were built, making it a tourist attraction in ancient Suiyuan. Since the Song and Yuan Dynasties, study tours and poetry clubs have flourished, and there are many poems. Xu Chengyao integrated seven volumes of Xi Ganzhi. Wang Caibai's tomb was built in the Republic of China, Piyun Road Ancient Road and Piyun Pavilion were built in the Republic of China, Changqing Temple Tower was built in the Song Dynasty, and Jianjiang Tomb was built in the Qing Dynasty. Piyun Pavilion has two floors, also known as Lookout Pavilion, overlooking the Pavilion, surrounded by green hills, practicing water like a belt, bridges like a rainbow, and panoramic views of the ancient city; Looking around, the peaks of Huangshan Mountain are towering and faintly visible. Looking back, my thoughts are carefree.
The ancient street in Yu Liang is surrounded by mountains and waters, and the Xin 'an ancient road with the architectural style similar to the Great Wall connects the ancient city with Yu Liang. Xin 'an Ancient Road is the only way for Huizhou merchants to travel between Huizhou in Ming and Qing Dynasties. Yu Liang is one of the important waterway terminals in ancient Huizhou, from which Yu Liang Commercial Street was formed. Yu Liang Street winds for one kilometer, and cobblestones of the same color are arranged in an orderly way, commonly known as Fish Scale Street; Wooden houses of the same color are distributed on both sides of the street, with heavy buildings and prominent eaves, occupying more than half of the street. Standing on the street and looking up, the blue sky seems to be in a line; The same color of the old door plank storefront, all kinds of shops, the ancient appearance of Zhuang still exists. Yuliangba, south of Jiejie, is a major water conservancy project in Guchuan and a major landscape in Yu Liang. Under the dam, flying beads splash jade, and the snow waves roll, which is spectacular. Take a hundred stone steps from Yuliangba and go ashore. After crossing the Wang Xian Bridge, we arrive at the first pass of Xin 'an-Xin 'an Pass. When you leave Xin 'an Pass, you can cross Ziyang Bridge to Ziyang Mountain, where Zhu Song builds a house and Zhu's father gives lectures. Ziyang Academy was built in Ming Dynasty.