For thousands of years, there have been many schools of art at home and abroad, and each school has a masterpiece. This whole process constitutes the history of art.
The most important thing next is a thousand words. Look up art history and you'll know everything.
Let me briefly say what I like. I like Van Gogh's paintings in foreign oil paintings. His sunflower is full of tension and passion, which makes people excited. Love for life and eulogizing, followed by Zhu Da of China. Badashan people on the 8 th are adherents of the Ming Dynasty. His "little ink and little tears, mountains and rivers are still old mountains and rivers." Gone with the world, the coconut grove whirled, leaving a beautiful description for Lin Wen. Reflecting his inner desolation, his Lonely Bird is the pinnacle of freehand brushwork. A model who can express his inner feelings, there are white-eyed fish and birds in his paintings, which give people an unpleasant feeling.
Representatives of classicism include Raphael's Madonna, Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa and Michelangelo's sculpture Genesis. It represents people's faith and piety in religion in the religious era.
Realism develops western realism to the extreme. Mainly some landscape paintings.
Impressionism: Pay attention to the color of objects under the interaction of light and shadow. MANET: Olympia, the boy playing piccolo.
Post-impressionism: Cezanne, Van? High and Gauguin. His masterpieces are Still Life Apple Basket and Estek's Bay.
Although I'm a professional, I did some research to answer your question. This is a sort of knowledge I have learned.
Is it a bit biased to forget to write about China?
China is generally divided into historical dynasties, and the main themes are landscape painting, flower-and-bird painting, lady painting, figure painting, folk painting and New Year painting.
Landscape painting is divided into two schools, the north and the south, mainly due to geographical reasons and differences between the north and the south. Northerners are rough and bold. Southerners are exquisite and elegant.
Fan Kuan.
Fan Kuan's date of birth and death is unknown. (According to the history of painting, he was born at the end of the Five Dynasties, and he is still alive in the heyday of Song Renzong (1023- 103 1). ) The real name is Zhongzheng and the word is neutral (also called Zhongli). He was a landscape painter in the Northern Song Dynasty. He lived in the early Northern Song Dynasty and was listed as one of the three famous landscape painters in the Northern Song Dynasty. Shaanxi Huayuan (now Yaoxian) people. Because he is generous and informal, people call him "lenient", so he named himself Fan Kuan. According to Xuanhe Huapu, he is "elegant, extroverted, addicted to alcohol and down-and-out."
representative works
Due to the long history, Fan Kuan's original works are not many, and only a few are fine works. Such as Xishan tourism map, snow scene cold forest map, snow mountain Xiao temple map and so on.
Snow Mountain Temple (National Palace Museum in Taipei) shows a deep mountain canyon covered with snow, dotted with ancient temples, passes, cold springs and tourist plots. There are not many pens, but they are strong and tough, and the rules are neat and varied. The dark color dyed the overcast sky red, which set off the cold atmosphere in the snow-capped mountains.
The Picture of Snow Scene and Cold Forest (Tianjin Art Museum) also depicts the wonders of mountains and rivers in the north after the snow with calm and old-fashioned pen and ink. The mountains are steep, the rocks are deep, the images of nearby trees are very imposing, and the plains are undulating, broken and imposing. Fan Kuan's painting of mountain peaks is good at showing the trend of snow and clouds, which can be seen in two pictures.
The tourist map of Xishan Mountain (National Palace Museum in Taipei), in silk and ink, is 206.3 cm long and 103.3 cm wide. In the painting, the giant peaks are towering, the mountain streams and waterfalls pour down, the thick mountains are densely covered with trees, and the rock ridges are clearly discernible, showing a powerful momentum. At the foot of the mountain, it is foggy, the nearby stones stand upright, the old trees are quite healthy, and the streams are gurgling. On the mountain road, travelers hurried through the ranks of wolves. Although people and animals are painted as small as ants, they are real and vivid, making people seem to hear the sound of donkey hooves.
Fan Kuan developed the northern landscape painting school in Hao Jing and found his own way. Therefore, Song people put it alongside Guan Tong and Li Cheng, praising it as "three schools of thought, one hundred generations of standards". Dong Tang's "Pictorial Guide" in Yuan Dynasty holds that "Song Shishan is superior to the Tang people, but Li Cheng, Dong Yuan and Fan Kuan are only three people", and that "Dong Yuan has the spirit of mountains, Li Cheng has the shape of mountains, and Fan Kuan has the bone method of mountains, so the three schools shine through the ages and learn from generations", all of which give a high evaluation to Fan Kuan's art. According to the literature, the painters who learned from Fan Kuan in Song Dynasty were Huang Huaiyu, Ji Zhen, Shang Xun, Ning Tao and others. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Tang Li liked Fan Kuan, and later Ma Yuan, Xia Gui and others studied Li Tang, which made almost all landscape paintings in the Southern Song Dynasty come from Fan Kuan. Later generations called Fan Kuan, Li Cheng and Dong Yuan "Three Ones in Song Dynasty", and later "Yuan Sijia", Tang Yin in Ming Dynasty, Jinling School in Qing Dynasty and Huang Hongbin in modern times were all influenced by Fan Kuan's painting style.
Zhao Mengfu, a great painter and calligrapher in Yuan Dynasty, praised Fan Kuan's paintings as "truly unique in ancient and modern times", while Dong Qichang, a great painter in Ming Dynasty, rated Fan Kuan as "the first painting in Song Dynasty". However, some people have different views. For example, although Su Shi spoke highly of Fan Kuan, he felt that his paintings were "slightly tacky", which was slightly inconsistent with the elegant style of ancient China literati.
-
yellow
Huang was a great painter in Yuan Dynasty. When he was young, he was a local official, first as a bookkeeper.
In order to appreciate the charm of mountains and rivers, when he lived in Yushan, Changshu, he often observed the changes and wonderful scenery of Yushan, learned from his heart and conveyed it with a pen. Some of his landscape paintings come from these mountains and forests. When he lived in Songjiang, he became obsessed with the observation of landscapes. Sometimes he sits in the mountains all day and forgets to eat and sleep. When he lived in Fuchunjiang, he always carried a leather bag with built-in painting tools. Whenever he sees the scenery in the mountains, he will write it down with exhibition paper. There is a Daling Mountain to the north of Fuchun River, where Wang Gong lived in seclusion in his later years. He took Daling Mountain as his teacher and drew the Fuchun Daling Map. In the seventh year (1437), Huang wanted to paint a complete Fuchun Mountain. At this time, Huang is an old man who is nearly eighty years old. After three or four years of operation, it was completed. This painting depicts autumn scenery on both sides of Fuchun River, using Dong Heju's brushwork and originality. He brushes his hair with a brush, and brushes his hair with a brush. The tree and the forest are horizontal, and the forest is beautiful and looks very flat and real. The whole picture seems to have a fairy spirit. This is Fuchun Shan Jutu. This picture was inscribed by Shen Zhou, Wen Peng, Zhou, Dong Qichang and Zou. Zou said in his inscription that the painting was "inspired by the change of the pen end, and the Lanting of the right army is also holy and divine!" Many painters in Ming and Qing Dynasties were inspired by Shan Jutu, which had a far-reaching influence.
Besides Fuchun Shan Jutu, there are other masterpieces handed down from generation to generation, such as Shan Yu Intention of Xiaoxi, Snowdrift in Jiu Feng, Yushu in Ya Dan, Cliff in Tianchi, Cui Tu in Jiu Feng and so on.
===========================
Ma Yuan, born in 1 140 and died in 1225, was a painter in the Southern Song Dynasty in China. The word remote father,no. Qinshan. His ancestral home was in Hehe (now Yongji, Shanxi) and later moved to Qiantang (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang). Guangzong and Ningzong were both in the Painting Academy. Zeng Zumaben, Zuma Xingzu, Boma Gongxian, his father Ma and his brother were all famous painters in the Song Dynasty, and they came from a painting family. Ma Yuan is good at landscapes, flowers and birds and people. His landscape paintings are modeled after those of Li Tang. He paints landscapes in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces. Trees and flowers often use pens, and he uses a big axe to split stones with ink, which is hard and neat. The composition takes a corner of the natural landscape, the mountain is majestic and steep, or the steep peak is straight up without the top, or the cliff is straight down without the feet, or the mountain is near the sky and the mountain is low, or one person sits alone on the moon. Ma Yuan inherited his family studies and surpassed his predecessors in art. He inherited and developed Li Tang's painting style and painted plum trees in various forms. He is especially good at boldly choosing and cutting the composition, depicting a part of a corner of a mountain and a river, and leaving a large blank on the picture to highlight the scenery. As pointed out by predecessors, this kind of "corner view" is characterized by "there are not many places in the whole territory, and its small or dangerous peaks are straight up without its top, or its feet are straight down the cliff, or the mountains are near the sky and far away, or it is interesting to sit alone in a boat."
Unique style and poetic. Painting water can show various forms in different environmental climates. His flower-and-bird works are good at depicting the wild interest of flowers and birds in the natural environment. The figures in the painting are widely drawn, including Buddhism, Taoism, nobles, literati, fishermen, farmers and so on. , elegant and gorgeous. Ma Yuan had a great influence at that time, enjoying the unique reputation of the Academy of Painting. He, Li Tang, Liu Songnian and Xia Gui were called the four masters of the Southern Song Dynasty, and Xia Gui was called Ma Xia. Handed down from ancient times are Tuge Tu, Shui Tu, Mei Xi Shi Fu Tu, Xiyuan Jiya Tu, Kong Qiu Xiang and so on. My son Marin is also good at painting. Ningzong was just a painter at that time, good at flowers and birds, landscapes and so on. He inherited family studies, such as The Stacked Ice Map.
There are a large number of Ma Yuan's paintings in the archives, but only a handful have been handed down so far. Important works include large-scale works collected by the Palace Museum, such as Tuge Tu, Shui Tu and Shi Mei Xi Fu Tu, as well as some small original works, such as Han Xiang, Kong Qiu Xiang, Shi Biyuan Tu and Gog Qiu Ting Tu. The National Palace Museum in Taipei has Deng Hua Yanshi Map, and the Nelson Museum in the United States has Xi Yuanya.
There are autumn wind and fan, flower and bird painting, lotus flower and golden pheasant painting, folk painting, Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival, figure painting and Vimalakīrti.
Throughout the history of art, there are many treasures that cannot be counted one by one. See History of Chinese and Foreign Art for details.