1. What are the classical Chinese texts that are often tested in the junior high school?
1. Wine as a ritual. Original text When brother Zhong Yu (yù) was young, his father took a nap while he was sleeping, so he secretly took medicinal wine.
His father woke up and kept watching. Yu bows and then drinks; he drinks without bowing.
Then he asked Yu why he bowed, and Yu said: "Wine is a ritual, so I dare not not bow." He also asked Hui why he didn't bow, and Hui said: "Stealing is not polite, so I don't bow."
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(Selected from "Shi Shuo Xin Yu" by Liu Yiqing of the Southern Dynasty and Song Dynasty) Notes ① To: Pretend. ②Wine serves as a ritual: Wine is used to complete the ritual.
③ sleep: sleep. ④Cause: Taking advantage of the opportunity.
⑤时: At that time. ⑥Why: Why.
⑦ wake up: wake up. ⑧Value: When.
time.
⑨And: yet, for the time being. Classical Chinese Knowledge Interpretation of "Awakening" The "Awake" in the above sentence "When his father woke up" does not mean "to be aware of", but to "wake up". The sentence means that their father woke up at that time.
Also, "sleeping" in classical Chinese refers to waking up after sleeping. Also, "The thief broke into the house in the middle of the night, but the owner was not awake" means that the thief broke into the house in the middle of the night, but the owner was awake.
Reference translation When brothers Zhong Yu were young, they took the opportunity to secretly drink medicinal wine together while their father was taking a nap. Their father woke up after sleeping and pretended to be asleep to see what they were going to do.
Zhong Yu drinks wine after saluting, but Zhong Hui drinks without saluting. Later, his father asked Zhong Yu why he wanted to salute. Zhong Yu said, "Wine completes the etiquette. I dare not fail to be polite."
He then asked Zhong Hui why he didn't salute. Zhong Hui said, "Stealing is not the right thing to do." Etiquette, so don’t be polite." Reading training 1. Explanation ① Go to bed: sleep.
②Cause: taking advantage of the opportunity. ③When: At that time.
④Why: why 2. Translation: ①Please take a closer look at it. Translation: Father, let’s pretend to be asleep to see what they are doing.
② Then asked Yu why he bowed. Translation: Then his father asked Zhong Yu why he wanted to salute.
3. Which one do you think is more reasonable, Zhong Yu or Zhong Hui? Answer: Zhong Hui's statement should be more reasonable, because stealing is no longer accompanied by etiquette, and worshiping again is a fake observance of etiquette. 2. Chang Yang learns archery. Original text Chang Yang learns archery in ① Slaying Dragon Zi Zhu.
Zhu, the dragon slayer, said: "If you want to hear about the way of shooting? The king of Chu Tian ③ Yunmeng ④, let ⑤ Yu people ⑥ rise ⑦ birds and shoot them, the birds shot ⑧, the deer came out of the king's left , the elk crossed to the king's right. The king drew his bow and was about to shoot, but a swan flew past Wang Zhan, its wings were like hanging clouds.
The king pointed the arrow at the bow, but he didn't know where it was. Jin said: "The way I shoot is to place a leaf a hundred steps away and shoot at it. Ten shots will hit the target ten times."
If you set ten leaves, it will be impossible for me to hit the target! ""Yu Ion" Notes ① Yu: Xiang. ② Tao: Principle.
③ Tian: Same as "狋", hunting. ④ Yunmeng: The name of the ancient lake, generally refers to the king of Chu during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. Safari area.
⑤ Make: Pull.
⑥Yú: A small official in charge of Shanze in ancient times. ⑦ Qi. p>
⑧Fa: Run out ⑨ Intersection:
⑩鹄(hú): swan. ⑾旃(zhān): Red fish’s crank flag. ⑿Cuiyun: A hanging cloud. ⒀Note on the bow: put the arrow on the bow. ⒁Yangshu: named Yang Youji, a good archer in Chu State. /p>
⒂Place: Reference Translation Chang Yang learned archery from Dragon Slayer Zhu.
Dragon Slayer Zhu said, "Do you want to know the principles of archery?" The king of Chu State was hunting in Yunmeng and sent officials in charge of mountains and rivers to coax the animals out and shoot them. The animals ran out. Deer appeared on the left side of the king and elk appeared on the right side of the king. The king drew his bow and prepared to shoot. A swan flew past the king's red flag, its wings as big as a hanging cloud.
The king put the arrow on his bow, not knowing who to shoot.
Uncle Yang said: "When I shoot an arrow, I place a leaf a hundred steps away and then shoot. Ten of the ten arrows hit the target."
If you put ten leaves, it’s hard to say whether you can hit it! '" Reading Comprehension 1. Explanation: ① Yu: Xiang. ② Dao: Reason.
③Zhi: Replaces "bird". ④ Shoot: When shooting arrows.
2. Translation: ① Place a leaf a hundred steps away and shoot it. Translation: Place a leaf a hundred steps away and shoot it. ② If you place ten leaves, you will not hit the target. You have to do what you can! Translation: If you put ten leaves, it's hard to say whether you can hit it! 3. What this story tells us is: You must concentrate on one main goal if you do anything. , then nothing can be done.
3. The original text of Jing Fei is ①, and the sword is returned to Qiansui ③. As for the middle stream ④, there are two Jiaos.
The next time he asked the boatman, "Have you ever seen two dragons circling a boat alive?" "The boatman said: "I haven't seen it yet. The next time Feifei grabbed his arms and took off his clothes, he drew his sword and said, "There are rotten flesh and bones in this river!" Abandoning the sword to save oneself, Yu Xi loves you 9! "So he went to the river to stab the dragons, killed them and got back on the boat.
Everyone in the boat survived. (Selected from "Lu's Spring and Autumn Volume 12 Zhifen") Notes ① Jing (jīng) : Another name for the ancient state of Chu.
② Qian Sui: the place name, in the northwest of present-day Wu County, Jiangsu Province ③ Anti: same as "Hui", return, return
④Zhongliu: Jiang. Center. ⑤ Jiao is a kind of dragon, a ferocious animal in the water. ⑥ Boatman: synonymous with "boatman" below. p> ⑦ taste: once. ⑧ 曰 (qū): roll up the sleeves, stretch out the arms, lift up the clothes.
⑨Yu Xi Aiyan: Why should I begrudge it? Translation: There was a warrior named Ci Fei in the state of Chu.
He bought a sword in hán and took a wooden boat across the river. p> As soon as the wooden boat reached the middle of the river, two evil dragons emerged from the river and surrounded the wooden boat from the left and right sides. Ci Fei asked the boatman: "Have you ever seen two dragons surrounding the boat and the people on the boat survived? ? The boatman replied: "I haven't seen it." "
Ci Fei lifted up his clothes, stretched out his arms, pulled out his sword, and said, "This is just a pile of rotten flesh and bones in the river!" If I sacrifice my sword to save my life, then why should I begrudge this sword? "So he jumped into the waves, fought desperately with the evil dragon, killed the evil dragon and then returned to the boat. Everyone on the boat saved their lives.
Reading Comprehension 1. Explanation: ① Yu: in; ②Anti: Same as "hui", return, return; ③Quan: preserve; ④Fu: again. 2. Translation: ①Have you ever seen two dragons entangled in a boat? Translation: Have you ever seen two dragons entangled in a boat? If the wooden boat is broken, can the people on the boat survive? ② This is just a pile of rotten flesh and bones in the river! 3. What can save the lives of everyone on the boat? : Answer: The courage to fight and the spirit of self-sacrifice
4. The original text of "The Big Neck Patient" is in Nanqi, Qin Shu ① 2. Classical Chinese essays for junior high school exams
( 1) Wen Zhengming practiced calligraphy and wrote the original text of "Shulin Chronicles". Wen Zhengming wrote the "Thousand-Character Essay" at the beginning of the day, and the book made great progress.
Throughout his life, he never hesitated or answered anyone. If you don't pay attention to it, you will read it over and over again, so it will become more and more sophisticated as you get older. Wen Zhengming, the translator, wrote "Wen Wen", and he wrote ten copies every day, and his calligraphy improved rapidly.
He was never sloppy in writing. Sometimes when he replied to a letter, he would rewrite it several times without any trouble.
Therefore, his calligraphy became more and more refined as he got older. good.
Reading training 1. Explain the highlighted words in the following sentences ① Shu Sui Da Jin ② Born in books ③ Wen Zhengming wrote "The Thousand Character Essay" ④ Or answer someone's brief note 2. "If you don't take it lightly, you will never get tired of changing it again and again." Translated into modern Chinese.
Translation 3. Use one sentence to summarize the center of this paragraph. Answer: (2) Xue Tan Xueyue original text Xue Tan Xueyue was in Qin Qing. He did not exhaust the skills of Qin Qing, so he said that he had exhausted them, so he resigned and returned.
Qin Qingfu stopped, walking on the suburban thoroughfare, singing sad songs at festivals, the sound vibrated the trees, and the sound stopped the moving clouds. Xue Tan wanted to rebel, but he never dared to return.
Translation: Xue Tan learned singing from Qin Qing. Before he finished learning Qin Qing's skills, he thought he had learned all he could, so he left and went home. Qin Qing did not dissuade him and bid him farewell on the road outside the city. Qin Qing beat the beat and sang a sad song.
The singing vibrated the trees, and the sound stopped the moving clouds. Xue Tan then apologized to Qin Qing and asked to come back to continue studying.
From then on, he never dared to say that he wanted to go home again. Reading training 1. Explain the meaning of the following highlighted words in the text.
① Qin Qingfu stopped. ②The sound stops the moving clouds.
2. In each of the following sentences, add some usage and meaning. Which one of the incorrect judgments is () A. ① is the same as ②, ③ is different from ④ B. ① is different from ②, ③ is the same as ④ C .① is the same as ②, ③ is also the same as ④ D. ① is different from ②, ③ is also different from ④ 3. Translation: Tan Nai high-pressure negation. Translation: 4. What inspiration does this story give you? Answer: 5. Is there anything redeemable about Xue Tan? If so, what is it? Answer: (3) Fan Zhongyan aspired to the world. Original text Fan Zhongyan was orphaned at the age of two, and his family was poor and helpless.
He rarely has great ambitions. He always takes the world as his own responsibility and studies hard. Or he is lazy at night and often eats rice with water. He eats porridge while reading without food. ‖Since he was an official, he always spoke generously about world affairs without caring about his own life.
He was even slandered and demoted, and was relegated to Dengzhou by participating in political affairs. ‖Zhong Yan worked hard and worked hard, but his diet was not heavy on meat. His wife only had enough food and clothing.
He often recited to himself: "A scholar should worry about the world's worries first, and rejoice after the world's happiness." Translation: Fan Zhongyan lost his father when he was two years old, and his family was poor and helpless.
He had great ambitions when he was young and often washed his head and face with cold water. I often couldn't even eat, so I ate porridge and kept studying.
After becoming an official, he often talked about world affairs, regardless of his own safety. So much so that some people were demoted for speaking ill of him, and were demoted from being the governor of Dengzhou to being the governor of Dengzhou.
Fan Zhongyan trained himself hard and did not eat much meat. He only provided food and clothing for his wife and children by himself. He often recited two sentences from his works: "A scholar should worry before the world is worried, and be happy after the world is happy."
Reading training 1. Give the phonetic notation of the highlighted words in the following sentences. and paraphrase. ①Eating porridge and pronunciation: Meaning: ②Easy to feed the noodles with water Pronunciation: Meaning: ③Not giving food to people Pronunciation: Meaning: ④Even being slandered and derogatory Pronunciation: Meaning: 2. The correct translation of "Every person takes the world as his own responsibility" is ( ) A. Take world affairs as your own responsibility every day.
B. Often regard managing national affairs as their due responsibility. C. Often regard world affairs as one's own duty.
D. Take managing national affairs as your due responsibility every day. 3. Translate the following sentences into modern Chinese.
① Or he is lazy at night, and often feeds himself with water: ② The wife only has enough food and clothing: 4. The layers of this text have been marked in the text, please briefly summarize the meaning of the layers. ①②③5. "Be worried about the world's worries first, and be happy after the world's happiness" is a famous sentence in "Yueyang Tower" written by Fan Zhongyan. Like that article, this sentence plays an important role in this article.
(4) Sima Guang was fond of learning. The original text of "Records of the Words and Deeds of Famous Officials of the Three Dynasties" was written by Sima Guang. When Sima Wen was a child, he was not as good as others when it came to recording, so he lived in groups and gave lectures. If you compile it, you can stop reciting it twice. The person who exerts more force will achieve farther, and what he recites carefully will be remembered throughout his life.
Duke Wen once said: "You can't fail to recite the book, either on horseback or when you are up at night, you will gain a lot by chanting its words and thinking about its meaning." Poems and books are not as good as others in their ability to prepare responses.
Everyone studied and discussed together. The other brothers had already learned how to recite and went to play and rest. (Sima Guangque) studied hard alone, as focused and hard as Dong Zhongshu and Confucius when they were studying, until they were proficient. Until he recites it carefully, (because) he has more energy in reading now, the harvest will be long-term, and the books he has read and recited intensively will be remembered for the rest of his life. Sima Guang once said: "You can't read without memorizing. When riding a horse or walking, or when you can't sleep in the middle of the night, recite the article you have read and think about its meaning. You will gain a lot!" Reading training 1. Explain the following sentences Words with dots in them.
① Asking questions about troubles is not as good as others ② If you can recite it twice, you will stop ③ If you can recite it twice, you will stop ④ Chant the text 2. The usage of "double" is different from that in "If you can recite it twice, you will stop" One of them is () A. Only humiliated by the hands of slaves B. Talent is not visible C. All the guests in the seat stretch their necks and look sideways D. There are good ventriloquists in Beijing 3. The sentence that summarizes the main idea of ??this article is: ( ) A. The one who exerts more force will receive farther. B. What he mastered will be remembered throughout his life.
C. The book must be recited. D. If you chant the text and think about its meaning, you will gain a lot.
4. In the article, "The only one who draws the curtain is the only one" means that only Sima Guang studied hard on his own. We have learned a similar idiom that also describes diligent study. This idiom is (5) Ouyang Xiu studied hard in "Ouyang Gong's Deeds". The original text of Ouyang Gong was orphaned at the age of four, and his family was poor and had no resources.
The lady painted the ground with grass and taught calligraphy. Recite more ancient passages.
It was quite a bit long, and since there was no book to read at home, the scholars in Luli borrowed it and read it, or copied it accordingly. So much so that he forgets to sleep and eat day and night, only studying is his main task.
I have been writing poems and writings since childhood, and I have written like an adult. Translation: Mr. Ouyang Xiu's father passed away when he was four years old. His family was poor and had no money for him to study.
The wife used reed stalks to draw pictures on the sand and taught him to write. He also taught him to recite many passages from ancient times.
When he got older and there were no books to read at home, he would borrow books from nearby scholars' homes to read, and sometimes copy them. In this way, I worked day and night, forgetting to eat and sleep, just studying.
From lower case. 3. What are the topics in the classical Chinese essays in the high school entrance examination?
Contents of the classical Chinese essays in the high school entrance examination 1. Confucius’ quotations 2. Fish I want is what I want Mencius 3. Born in sorrow, died in happiness Mencius 4. Cao GUI’s polemic against Zuo Zhuan 5. Zou Ji satirizes the king of Qi and accepts advice and war policy 6. Zhuge Liang as a teacher 7. Tao Qian in the Peach Blossom Spring 8. Li Daoyuan in the Three Gorges 9. Miscellaneous remarks (4) Han Yu 10. Liu Yuxi inscribed on the humble house 11. Liu Zongyuan in the Xiaoshitan 12. Fan Zhongyan in the Yueyang Tower 13. The Drunkard's Pavilion: Ouyang Xiu 14. Ailian talks about Zhou Dunyi 15. A night tour of Chengtian Temple by Su Shi 2. Revealing the secrets of function word methods in classical Chinese 1. Connecting with context 2. Comparing doubts 3. Paying attention to accumulation and looking for patterns Appendix 1 List of frequently tested content words Appendix 2 List of frequently tested function words Category 2 Analysis of sentence fragmentation test points in classical Chinese Detailed explanation of test points 1. Rhythm of reading aloud in classical Chinese 2. Revealing the methods of sentence segmentation in classical Chinese 1. Overall perception, natural sentence segmentation 2. Grasping the meaning of words, segmenting sentences accurately 3. Using grammar, segmenting sentences reasonably Appendix Classical Chinese sentence patterns Category 3 Analysis of classical Chinese translation test points Detailed explanation of test points 1. Implementing important content words 2. Grasping the characteristics of sentence patterns 3 , Understand the main meaning of sentences 4. Pay attention to the tone therapy of sentences and reveal the secrets 1. The basic requirements of classical Chinese translation: faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance 2. The basic methods of classical Chinese translation Category 4 Understanding and appreciation of classical Chinese content Category 5 Comprehensive training of classical Chinese. 4. Common Chinese character test for junior middle school students
1. An: 1. How (An is asking him to be able to travel a thousand miles) 2. Nourish (food and clothing are safe) 2. Low: 1. Low (not a humble nature) ) 2. Low status (the late emperor did not regard his ministers as despicable) 3. Preparation: 1. Comprehensive and detailed.
(Predecessors’ description is prepared in "Yueyang Tower") 2. Possess. (All at once, all the tricks are prepared for "Float Skills") 3. Prepare.
(You still have to prepare morning meals "Shi Hao Li") 4. Being: 1. Influenced (being affected in the next life) 2. Same as "draped" and worn (both were embroidered) 5. Despicable: 1 , border (Shu Zhi You Er Monk "Wei Xue") 2. Vulgarity and short-sightedness (Meat Eaters Bi "Cao GUI's Debate") 3. Born in a humble country (the former emperor did not regard his ministers as despicable "Chu Shi Bian") 6. Complete: 1. All (Bi Lipingxian's "The Foolish Old Man Moves the Mountains") 2. All (Qunxiang Bi Jue's "Float Skill") 7. Thin: 1. Approaching, approaching. (Bo Mu Mingming's "Yueyang Tower") 2. Contempt.
(It is not advisable to belittle oneself as a teacher) 3. The thickness is small. (Bo Ruqianlip's "Trapboard") 8. Strategies: 1. Horsewhip.
(The "Ma Shuo" written by Advocate and Advocate) 2. Whip and drive. (The policy is not based on its own way, "Ma Shuo") 3. Record.
(The Twelve Biography of Ce Xun, "Mulan Poems") 4. Strategy. (Idiom "He's helpless") 9. Long: cháng 1. Length.
(The length of the boat from head to tail is about eight minutes, which is strange in "Nuclear Boat Records") 2. Opposite of "short". (Buy the long whip "Mulan Poetry" in Beishi) 3. Long-lasting and healthy.
(May people live forever "When will the bright moon come") 4. Forever. (The deceased has grown up, "Shi Hao Li") 5. zhǎng, the highest ranking (Mulan has no eldest brother ("Mulan Poems") 6. zhǎng, leader.
(Wu Guang is the second in line and is the village chief. "Chen She Family") 10. Applause: 1. Comparable, cooperate (it is said that the Qi is small and big/cannot be compared to what was heard in the past) 2. Praise (the former emperor said it is capable) 11. Sincerity: 1. Sincerity (the emperor's sense) Its sincerity) 2. Indeed, it is true (this is the time when the survival of Cheng is in danger) 3. It is true (I am sincere and pretend that we are deceived and claim to be the son of Fusu Xiang Yan/If it is true, then the hegemony will be achieved and the Han Dynasty will be prosperous)) 12. Punishment: 1. Suffering from (punishing the fortress in the north of the mountain in "The Foolish Old Man Moves the Mountain") 2. Punishment 13. Riding: 1. Riding (willing to ride thousands of miles) 2. Driving (chasing) (the general will gallop) 14. Out: 1. Send, Start (Fang Qi goes out to sea) 2. Fight on the border (when he goes out, Uncle Fang and Zhao Hu) 3. Come (every year, Jing Yin goes out to Zhejiang Pavilion to teach the sailors) 4. Produce (plan the generals to go out) 15. Words: 1. Rejection (Mongolian words mean that there are many things in the Israeli army) 2. Language (not a little less elegant) 16. Times: 1. Editing. (Wu Guang will be in charge of "Chen She's Family") 2. Stopping on the way while traveling or marching.
(Wu Guang was ordered to go to the Cong Temple next to him) 17. Tao: 1. Use a Tao to hold it (who dared to eat pot pulp without a Tao) 2. An ancient round bamboo basket for holding rice ( One basket of food, one bean soup) 18. When: 1. To bear, to accept. (well deserved) 2. Should.
(The winning rate of the three armies' "departure list") 3. About to. (Stay away now) 4. Towards, towards.
(Mulan Danghuzhi's "Mulan Poems") 5. Value, now. (At this time, "Chen She's family" made Qin officials suffer in various counties and counties) 6. Resist.
("Unstoppable") 19. Tao: 1. Road. (It will rain heavily and the road will be blocked. "Chen She Family") 2. Morality.
(To defeat the unjust and punish the Qin Dynasty) 3. Method. (The strategy is not based on its own way, "Ma Shuo") 4. Talk, speak.
(Not enough for outsiders, "Peach Blossom Spring") 20. Gain: 1. Ability (you cannot have both) 2. Get, get (so you don’t want to get) 3. Same "virtue" , grateful (the poor people I know will be given to me) 21. Waiting: 1. Same (waiting for death, the country of death is not available/and wanting to be like an ordinary horse is not available) 2. Everyone, express the majority (the public is in the rain) 22. Enemy: 1. Attack (for fear of being attacked by the enemy "Wolf" before and after) 2. Enemy (cover to lure the enemy "Wolf") 23. Condolence: 1. Condolences (visit the graves of all the kings for me) 2. Condolences (everyone can 24. Degree: 1. duo estimate, speculate (I can’t measure my ability) 2. cross, cross (Guanshan Duruofei) 25. End: 1. The right end of the frame (the left hand holding the scroll end) 2. Upright, Upright (the person looks upright and calm) 26. Evil: 1. How (the evil can be without discipline) 2. Disgust (the evil is worse than the dead) 27. Fa: 1. Action, start (the four barbarians are afraid of it) Dare to shoot) 2. Launch (seeing that its target is eighty-nine times out of ten) 3. Rise, be appointed (Shun sent it between the mountains and acres) 4. Recruit (Shun Zuo Shi garrisoned 900 people in Yuyang) 5. Open (Ye Fang sent it) and fragrance) 6. Send out (all at once, all wonderful things are ready) 7. fā, hair (yellow hair hangs down and is happy) 28. Fan: 1. Fan (then the soil of several states) 2. Total** * (Fan three times) 29. Square: 1. Square (square is seven hundred miles) 2. Rectangular (square is long) 3. Time (Fang Xizhi cannot be forced to be an official) 30. Divide: fēn 1. Divide, separate. (Today's "Shi Shi Biao") 2. Distribute, distribute.
(Must be divided into "Cao GUI's Lun Zhan") 3. Unit of length. Bafen Youqi ("Hezhou Ji") 4. fèn, duty, duty
(The duty of loyal majesty is also "Chu Shi Biao") 31. Feng: 1. Serve with "salary" ( 2. Accept and follow orders (obey orders in times of crisis) 3. Make offerings (I don’t know that verbal and physical offerings are not as good as those of others) 32. No: 1. Same as "no" (whether you respect the king or not) 2. Evil, bad (Zhi punishes Zang or not) 33. Husband: 1. That (to observe the husband's victory in Baling) 2. fú, the first word of the sentence (attack the husband's ring/and his wife's learning) 3. husband (husband's voice) Qi/Luofu has his own husband) 4. A general term for an adult man, a person (the one who carries the burden has three husbands) 34. Help: 1. Along, along (then help the road "Peach Blossom Spring") 2. Support (go out to support the general from Guo) "Mulan Ci") 35. To brush 1. To violate or hinder (the brush will mess up what one does) 2. The same as "弼", to assist (if one enters, he will be helpless) 3. To brush lightly (to brush it with his hand) 36 . Blessing: 1. Blessing and protection (God is blessed) 2. Good things and blessings (how can this not be a blessing) 37. Wealth: 1. Gorgeous (similar to the wealth and size of Canglinfu, Kucheng, Garden, etc.) ) 2. Wealthy, sufficient, with many (the family is rich and has good horses) 38. Update: 1. Renew (that is, treat each other with more admiration) 2. Then (when drunk, they sleep together more) 3. Each other (celebrate each other more) 4. Again, again (go to the next level) 5. Even more (raise a glass to eliminate sorrow and worry more) 39. Gou: 1. If (gou rich and honorable/gou admire righteousness and benevolent) 2. go mediocre (so don’t get it for gou/gou save your life) Troubled times) 3. And, maybe, expressing hope (if you are not hungry or thirsty) 40. Solid: 1. Original (Gu Renren "Shang Zhongyong") 2. Stubborn, stubborn (Ruxinzhigu "The Foolish Old Man Moves the Mountain") 3. Definitely, Definitely (and the garrison dead will be solid sixteen or seven) 4. Consolidate (consolidate the country without risking the dangers of mountains and rivers) 5. Safeguard, secure (gentleman.