Since the Song Dynasty, famous ink has gradually become the display and appreciation of literati's books, demanding excellent ink quality and pursuing the beauty of form and decoration, which has prompted ink to form the category of arts and crafts. It becomes beautiful in form and decoration, which promotes ink painting to form a kind of arts and crafts and become a treasured work of art.
Su Dongpo, a great poet in the Song Dynasty, wrote a poem "Mo Cheng dared not use it and entered Penglai Palace", which is a portrayal of this trend. This style of playing with ink appreciation became more popular in Jiajing and Wanli, and groups of ink began to appear, and the decorative patterns of ink were ever-changing, which had reached an incredible level.
This kind of brush and ink pays attention to various forms, novel pattern decoration and external decoration. Gold boxes are generally painted with ink, and some are made of nanmu or ebony, which are beautifully shaped, safe and easy to store and carry. There are also wooden hand-rolled boxes with brocade on the surface. One side is connected with a small painting and calligraphy, which is similar to a painting and calligraphy scroll, and it is very distinctive.
Appreciate ink and wash, such as Ganlong Yuyong West Lake, which is collected in the Forbidden City. On the one hand, regular script is filled with gold; On the other hand, Gan Long Yu Yong's "Ten Scenes and Ten Colors of the West Lake" is a seven-character rhythmic poem, floating on the picture of the ten scenes of the West Lake recited in the poem.
The composition of the picture depicts the basic characteristics of the theme in a very concise way, artistically reproduces the beautiful scenery of the West Lake in Hangzhou, and vividly reflects the historical features of the Ten Scenes of the West Lake more than 200 years ago, which is a good appreciation ink.
This set of ink is colored ink. It is a pigment for painting, and its colors are red, yellow, blue, green, blue, brown and white. Most of them are natural pigments, which are pure and gorgeous in color and not easy to fade.
Although there were few colored inks in the early days, we can see the exquisiteness and magnificence of pigments from the paintings in the Tang and Song Dynasties. In the Tang Dynasty, "Jin Bi Shan Shui Tu" takes turquoise as the main color with gold in the middle, depicting beautiful green mountains and magnificent halls, showing magnificent natural scenery and highlighting the beauty of colors.
Gu, a famous painter of the Five Dynasties, created a picture of Han Xizai's Night Banquet. The picture is divided into five sections, which vividly depicts the nightlife of Han Xizai, Prime Minister of Southern Tang Dynasty, with rich artistic techniques.
Song Huizong Evonne's "Listening to the Qin" is soft and colorful, with vivid characters and more gorgeous colors. These colors on paper and silk, after 8900 and thousands of years of historical vicissitudes, still maintain dazzling brilliance, which fully shows that these colored inks are well-made and are the best for appreciating ink in ancient times.
Identification of ink requires reading more physical objects, recording more physical objects, verifying each other through physical objects and documents, thinking after reading, being good at comparative analysis and finding problems. Seeing the real thing can make you more familiar with the ink quality, inscription, pattern, ink quality and expression of a famous work.
In addition, learn more literature and learn to distinguish the characteristics and manners of ink products between Shexian and Xiuning schools. Through the understanding of ink products, even if there is no year, we can distinguish which are famous ink products.
For example, whether it is copied or modified, it can be concluded that there was no ink on the ploughing map before Kangxi 35 years and no ink on the cotton map before Qianlong 30 years.
In addition, taboos have also had an impact on Mexico. In feudal society, there were national taboos and family taboos. The country is taboo to avoid the names of emperors and Confucius, while the country is taboo to avoid the names of its ancestors.
Taboo is particularly important for the identification of ink in Ming and Qing Dynasties. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the ink-making name was commonly used, and the name of Emperor Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty was Michelle Ye. Therefore, Xuanzi is taboo, or it was rewritten in the Yuan Dynasty, or it disappeared when it was written in ink in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. If it is not a copy, it should be a work before Kangxi.
Due to the influence of various schools, the styles of calligraphy and painting in Ming and Qing Dynasties are different. Because of the different styles of calligraphy and painting, there are obvious differences in the skills and techniques of ink and wash carving.
Calligraphy in Ming dynasty is vigorous and powerful. In order to show vigorous and powerful carving techniques, the knife method needs to be profound to show vigorous and powerful fonts. Calligraphy in the Qing Dynasty is beautiful and smooth, and the carving techniques should be carefully crafted to show femininity and elegance, and calligraphy and painting are completely consistent. Therefore, with the different styles of calligraphy and painting in Ming and Qing Dynasties, the skills of carving ink patterns formed two schools.
Mo Mo in Ming Dynasty used profound and powerful knife skills, while Mo Mo in Qing Dynasty used flexible and meticulous knife skills. The difference lies in the different styles of calligraphy and painting. In this way, we can master the connotation through the identification of famous ink in Ming and Qing Dynasties.