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Qin Shihuang Ying Zheng (259 BC-265438 BC+00 BC)
The son of Wang Xiang of Qin Zhuang established the first unified empire in the history of our country, called the ancient emperor and the emperor together, called himself the first emperor, abolished the funeral ceremony and counted the world. Abolish feudalism, run counties and centralize power; Unified measurement and writing; Open up Chidao, build the Great Wall and consolidate national defense; In order to eliminate anti-one-sidedness, curb ideas and confiscate folk weapons, even-language poets abandoned the city to burn books and bury Confucianism. Traveling around the world five times, chasing Huns in the north and conquering hundreds of yue in the south. In the thirty-seventh year of the first emperor (2 10 BC), he died in a cruise.
Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was the first emperor in China to use the title of the year. After he succeeded to the throne, he inherited his father's business, weakened the vassal power, and issued a promotion decree put forward by minister Zhu, so that the vassal could seal their son Hou, which split the vassal fief. At the same time, he introduced the official title of secretariat to strengthen local control. Militarily and economically, he also strengthened centralization, putting iron smelting, salt making, wine making and other things under central management. At the same time, he forbade the vassal States to cast money, so that the finances were concentrated in his hands. He adopted Dong Zhongshu's suggestion of "ousting a hundred schools of thought and respecting Confucianism alone", paving the way for the special position of Confucianism in ancient China. However, it is generally believed that he used Confucianism to unify his thoughts, and at the same time used spells and criminal names to strengthen his rule, which is the so-called "expressing Confucianism in the law." Ji An and Sima Qian's castration, which were actively used at that time, are famous examples.
At the beginning of Liang Wudi's accession to the throne, on the one hand, the political situation was relatively stable and the national economic situation was relatively good. On the other hand, the separatist factors of vassal countries still exist. Therefore, while continuing to implement the policy of Emperor Jing of Han Dynasty, he took a series of measures to strengthen the centralization of absolutism. Politically, first, the "favor decree" was promulgated, which allowed the captaincy to enfeoff more children and divide the fiefs of the kingdom, further weakening the power of the captaincy; Secondly, the establishment of China and North Korea weakened the relative strength and consolidated the sacred position of imperial power; Another 13 secretariat departments were established, which strengthened local control. On the military side, it is mainly to concentrate military power and enrich the central military power; On the economic front, we should rectify the finances, issue the orders of "liquidation" and "admonition", levy a tax on businessmen's assets, and crack down on wealthy businessman dajia; Sang Hongyang suggested that smelting iron and boiling salt should be returned to the official camp, and it is forbidden to cast money in counties and counties; The establishment of leveling officials and loss-sharing officials, as well as the government's management of transportation and trade, have greatly enhanced the country's economic strength. At the same time, building water conservancy projects, emigrating to the northwest, and implementing the "land substitution law" ideologically are beneficial to the development of agricultural production, adopting Dong Zhongshu's suggestion, ousting a hundred schools of thought, and worshiping Confucianism alone, making Confucianism the dominant ideology of China society and having a far-reaching impact on the politics, society and culture of China in later generations.
On the one hand, he sent Wei Qing and Huo Qubing to conquer the Huns, which relieved the threat of the Huns and ensured the economic and cultural development of the north. He wiped out the Yelang and Nanyue regimes, and successively established seven counties in the southwest, so that today's Guangdong and Guangxi regions returned to Chinese territory after the Qin Dynasty. At the same time, Zhang Qian was sent to the Western Regions to open up the Silk Road, strengthen the rule of the Western Regions and develop economic and cultural exchanges between China and the West. In the East, he sent troops to destroy Wei's Korea (Korea) and set up four counties: Le Lang, Xuantu, Lintun and Fan Zhen.
Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty attached great importance to the development of talents, and he established an inspection and evaluation system, which was the origin of China's talent selection system and had a great influence on later generations.
In the later period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, due to the constant use of troops against Xiongnu and the Western Regions, as well as the profligacy of meditation and worship of gods and immortals, the corvee was aggravated and taxes were increased, which led to the bankruptcy and exile of a large number of farmers. In the second year of Tianhan (the first 99 years), peasant uprisings broke out successively in Qi, Chu, Yan, Zhao and Nanyang. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty once promulgated "The Crime of Luntai" in Luntai. "Since I acceded to the throne, what I have done is crazy and makes the world sad, so I can't regret it. Let those who have harmed the people and ruined the world from today! " Admit a mistake.
In 88 BC, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty asked the painter to draw a picture of the Duke of Zhou as a dynasty vassal and give it to Huo Guang, which means that Huo Guang assisted his youngest son Liu Fuling as emperor. In order to prevent the young mother of the Prince from repeating the mistakes of Lv Hou's weighing system, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty executed her under a malicious excuse. In 87 BC, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty died and was buried in Maoling. This temple is called Sejong.
Li Shimin (65438+5991October 23rd-10, July 649) was the second emperor in the Tang Dynasty, and his name meant "saving the world and helping the people". After Taizong's death, it was named as the temple. He was also a strategist, politician and calligrapher in the Tang Dynasty. He initiated the "rule of chastity" in history. By actively eliminating separatist forces in various places, maintaining modesty in training, practicing economy at home and letting people recuperate, a peaceful and prosperous society has emerged. This laid an important foundation for the later prosperity of Kaiyuan and pushed the feudal society of China to its peak.
Emperor Taizong was born in the 18th year of Emperor Kai (599). He is the second son of Li Yuan and Queen Dou. In 6 14 ad, he married his eldest grandson, the queen.
At the end of Yang Di's great cause, Li Yuan successively served as the ambassador to appease Hedong in Shanxi, and stayed in Taiyuan, responsible for suppressing the peasant uprising in Shanxi today and guarding against Turks. Li Shimin and his father are in Jinyang (now southwest of Taiyuan). At that time, the peasant uprising was surging and intensified. Tang Gaozu and Li Shimin's father and son were overjoyed to see the Sui Dynasty dying.