Jacky _, scholars call him Mr Suichang. He lived in Qiantang (now Hangzhou) in his early years and then in Wuzhong for nearly forty years. In his later years, he named his anthology "Overseas Chinese Wu Ji". Jacky had a great influence among the scholars in Wuzhong. At that time, people and future generations regarded him as the representative of Wuzhong scholars. There were many inscriptions in Wuzhong at that time. In the ninth year of Hongzhi in the Ming Dynasty (1496), Zhang Jian called himself "a scholar in Wuzhong, whose voice was before Yuan" (after Zhang Jian published "Overseas Chinese and Wu Ji Collection"). During the Qiantang period, Jacky also established a reputation in the literary world. In the Qing Dynasty, Kangxi often compiled Selected Poems of Yuan Dynasty, which included more than 20 poems, and when Qianlong compiled Four Complete Poems, which were included in the Collection of Overseas Chinese and Wu, and his poems were valued.
Chinese name: Jacky.
Alias: Mr Suichang
Nationality: China.
Place of birth: Suichang, Chuzhou (now Suichang, Lishui, Zhejiang)
Date of birth: 1292
Date of death: 1364
Occupation: teacher, calligrapher
Main achievements: Confucianism.
Masterpieces: Overseas Chinese Collection and Wu.
Word: Mingde
The life of the character
Jacky _ (from the 29th year of Yuanzu to the 24th year of Shun Di to Zheng Zheng) was born in Hangtou, Suichang (now Duer Street, Miaogao Town). At the end of Song Dynasty and the beginning of Yuan Dynasty, he moved to Qiantang (now Hangzhou) with his father's family, and then lived in Wuzhong for nearly 40 years. In his later years, he named his anthology Overseas Chinese and Wu Wenji. Jacky had a great influence among Wuzhong scholars, and was regarded as the representative of Wuzhong scholars at that time and later generations. At that time, there were many preface to Wuzhong tablet. In the ninth year of Hongzhi in Ming Dynasty (1496), Zhang Jian of Wuzhong called him "a Confucian scholar in Wuzhong, whose voice was before Yuan Dynasty" (after Zhang Jian published Wu Ji of Overseas Chinese) and gave him a high evaluation. The Selected Poems of Yuan Dynasty compiled by Gu, the governor of Kangxi in Qing Dynasty, included more than 20 poems. During the Qianlong period, four books including Overseas Chinese Collection and Wu Collection were compiled. His poems were valued and included in Zhejiang Tongzhi, China Dictionary of Names and China Dictionary of Historical Figures.
Jacky _ intelligent and eager to learn, can write poetry and fu in fifteen years; He hurt his right arm when he was young, so he wrote with his left hand, with standard fonts and many styles. He was a calligrapher of the Yuan Dynasty and was praised by the world. He was born by himself, and scholars call him Mr. Suichang. When he lived in Qiantang, he established a reputation in the literary world. During the reign of Yuan Taiding (1324- 1328), Jacky moved to Pingjiang (now Suzhou). He lived in Wuzhong for the next 40 years, during which his reputation was even higher.
Yuan _ "never loves writing books" once said to the reader: "Classics are classics, history is latitude, and righteousness is profound. Scholars can do what the ancients meant, but dare to discuss it in private! " It shows that he attaches importance to the academic thought of opposing the empty talk about classics and history, which people call insightful (Su Danian's epitaph of Mr. Suichang, Appendix to Overseas Chinese, Wu Ji). Pingjiang, the seat of road administration, is rich in products and is the home of people and scholars. Yuan _ "Those who are rich and profitable are indifferent to their hearts, and the Constitution of Zhejiang Province tries its best to recommend them because of their latent virtues, but they are unwilling to be officials because of their arm diseases" (Selected Works of Gu Yuan). In Zheng Zheng for five years (1345), he was a scholar until the seventeenth year in Zheng Zheng, Shun Di (1357). Pingjiangdao was appointed as a professor of Confucianism, and Yuan _ happily left, saying, "Give lectures, and I will pursue my ambition." However, after only one year in this position, he died of illness. Later, he was promoted to a Confucian in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces. He said without hesitation: "Wen Tai is also a Confucian."
Jacky's articles are well-known, which are "excellent in writing, elegant in poetry" (Gu Yuan Qu Xuan). At that time, Gu Zhongying, a rich man in Kunshan, neglected friends and built villas, which was called the beauty of Yushan. He took Du Fu's poems and inscribed the place where he studied as Yushan Caotang (Collection of Overseas Chinese Wu 10, Yushan Caotang), and became the winner of the literary meeting of scholars and celebrities from all directions. "Beautiful scenery, gathering of scholars and friends, and the ability of courtiers from all directions are words. Anyone who crosses the Soviet Union will come. " Be happy, be happy, be happy, be happy, be happy, be happy, be happy, be happy, be happy, be happy, be happy, be happy, be happy, be happy, be happy, be happy, be happy, be happy, be happy, be happy, be happy, be happy, be happy. These people are famous for their Confucian articles, and both Yuan Shi and Shi Ming have their biographies. Jacky _ can be called a guest of Yushan Caotang. "The owner of Yushan Cottage will have a meeting of literature and wine, and the celebrities will be gathered, and the order will be heavier." There are inscriptions, which are not expensive but expensive "("Selected Songs of Gu Yuan "). Pavilion is a kind of literary style, which refers to imperial edicts written by Guan Ge scholars such as Hanlin Academy, Jixian Academy and Kuizhang Pavilion Academy, as well as other imperial characters. Style and calligraphy strive to be elegant and neat, and both have fixed formats. However, Jacky's inscriptions and calligraphy are superior, and its influence is better than that of the pavilion, which is highly praised by Wu Dong scholars.
Although he was famous for a while, he never forgot his hometown. His works include Wu Ji of Overseas Chinese, Miscellaneous Notes of Suichang Mountain People and so on. The works are titled "Suichang" and "Overseas Chinese Wu" to show that they are Suichang people and live in Wudi. I found a poem named "Ten Scenes of Dingxi" in Ding Cun's "Zheng Jia Pu" on the Huangsha Kiln, which was inscribed by Confucianism. Dingxi is the reach from Shangding to Dingding in Huangshayao Town, the middle reaches of Zhouyuan, a tributary of Qiantang River basin. This used to be the residence of the Zheng Sect, and it was the same clan. According to the author's understanding, this is the only manuscript in Jacky that describes the landscape of Suichang. Although Jacky left many works, those who wrote Suichang directly were never found. According to the author's understanding, these ten poems are punctuated and arranged for readers.
Early life
Jacky lived in Qiantang (now Hangzhou) in his early years, which was the capital of the Song Dynasty. "At that time, Xianchun's elders were still there, and Yuan You traveled all over the door, questioning seclusion, but he was able to gain something, strange and conceited." This experience made him have a deeper understanding of the ancient family documents and social worries in Jiangnan since the Southern Song Dynasty. Yuan You injured his right arm when he was a child. He can write regular script with his left hand. He performed well and was regarded as a unique skill in the world. Therefore, during his stay in Qiantang, Jacky also established a reputation in Wen Yuan.
Year of Thailand.
(1324— 1328), Jacky _ moved to Pingjiang (now Suzhou) and lived in Wuzhong for nearly forty years. During this period, his fame became even higher. Yuan You "never liked writing books" and once said to scholars: "Classics are classics, history is longitude and latitude, and righteousness is the source. Scholars can do what the ancients meant, but dare to discuss it in private! " It shows that he attaches importance to the academic thought of opposing the empty talk about classics and history, which people call insightful (Su Danian's epitaph of Mr. Suichang, Appendix to Overseas Chinese, Wu Ji). Pingjiang, where Lu Zhi is located, is rich in products and has a collection of scholars. Yuan You's "rich voice and good interest don't move his heart, and Zhejiang and Taiwan are arguing to recommend it by virtue, but his arm is unwilling to be an official" (Selected Works of Gu Yuan). Until the seventeenth year of Shun Di (1357), Pingjiang Dao was hired as a professor of Confucianism, and Yuan You left happily, saying: However, he only stayed in this position for one year, and then he died of illness.
Jacky's articles are well-known, which are "excellent in writing, elegant in poetry" (Gu Yuan Qu Xuan). At that time, Gu Zhongying, a rich man in Kunshan, neglected friends and built villas, which was called the beauty of Yushan. He took Du Fu's poems and inscribed the place where he studied as Yushan Caotang (Collection of Overseas Chinese Wu 10, Yushan Caotang), and became the winner of the literary meeting of scholars and celebrities from all directions. "Beautiful scenery, gathering of scholars and friends, and the ability of courtiers from all directions are words. Anyone who crosses the Soviet Union will come. " Be happy, be happy, be happy, be happy, be happy, be happy, be happy, be happy, be happy, be happy, be happy, be happy, be happy, be happy, be happy, be happy, be happy, be happy, be happy, be happy, be happy, be happy, be happy. These people are famous for their Confucian articles, and both Yuan Shi and Shi Ming have their biographies. However, Jacky can be called a guest of Yushan Caotang. "The owner of Yushan Cottage will have a meeting of literature and wine, and the celebrities will be gathered, and the order will be heavier." There are inscriptions, which are not expensive but expensive "("Selected Songs of Gu Yuan "). The pavilion mentioned here is a kind of style, which refers to imperial edicts and other royal application words written by courtiers such as Hanlin Academy, Jixian Academy and Kuizhangge College. Style and calligraphy strive to be elegant and neat, and both have fixed formats. However, Jacky _' s calligraphy of inscriptions is excellent, and its influence is better than that of pavilions, which is more valued by Soochow scholars. In this respect, Jacky is the best scholar in Dongwu. When describing the behavior of the stele owner, some of his words often reflect the social customs and conditions of Wuzhong in the Yuan Dynasty, as well as the author's thoughts and feelings.
Unification of Yuan Dynasty
Jiangnan became the source of wealth of the imperial court, but the exorbitant taxes and levies in Jiangnan led to the bankruptcy of many rich people, especially Su and Song. Jacky expressed his view that he attached importance to people's difficulties. Later, in the first year (1335- 1340), he said: "Cheung Chau used to be Wangping County, and its population is not necessarily many times that of sons and men, and its wealth is not necessarily all men and women." Its grain transportation in autumn and silk transportation in summer are also amazing. The grain ranges from stone to 300,000, silk to 84,000, and the rest is only a little. People who make money _ do everything in their town, plant vines, and then lose to the public, you can have everything. However, lazy farmers in idle fields are more sick than floods and droughts, so why not help them! Therefore, since the merger in the past, it is extremely tiring that there is no piece of soil protruding and no tile covering the head. ("Overseas Chinese Wu Ji" (volume 1 1) Daluhua Love Monument in Changzhou County) He added: "Counties and counties border on the world, with abundant crops, and Wu alone gives five tenths of the world, while Changzhou County is a quarter of Wu." (Wu Ji, an Overseas Chinese, Volume 9, Records of Confucianism in Changzhou County) He criticized the economic policy that the country only attaches importance to tax collection and ignores water conservancy in the southeast region: "After attachment, the income from renting land every year is the reason why people worry about water, and it is no longer discussed. At the beginning of the founding of the People's Republic of China, it was established as the capital water supervision bureau, and recently it was established as the Yongtian Department. At the age of 20, the autumn harvest is expected to be 1%, but floods and droughts are not merciful. So the farmer began to complain about the disease. " (Wu Ji, an Overseas Chinese, Volume 8, Pray for Sunny Life) The result of Jiangnan's heavy weight is the decline of Jiangnan's economy and the bankruptcy of enriching the people: "Jiangnan belongs to postal services, Zhejiang belongs to the Song mainland, and the giant party is attached to the United States. This is not too much in the past. "In 670, people born of peace, but people who grow for peace are different! However, in the meantime, the decline and prosperity of metabolism, why today's personnel are lost, the change of fate, not only literature, but also the collapse of the house, the arrest of the old man who tried to knock out the family teeth, the feeling of a little food and clothing, and the remaining decadence. The husband is prosperous from prosperity and strives to be longer than the long mu, and its decline and prosperity are not too few. " The poem (The Collection of Overseas Chinese and Wu, Volume 8, Preface to Genealogy) vividly expresses the ruined social and economic scene of Wuzhong under the heavy endowment: "Zhong Wu is famous for his work, and Zhuang Jun pushes Changzhou. The autumn grain is 400 thousand, and the people are in dire straits. In the past, the family merged and had a banquet. Today is a groan, and tears flow before words. Entrusted by the hungry tiger, in this autumn. Tian Mu used to be a hundred gold, competing for wisdom. If you know that you are in a hurry, you will die. No matter what the value is, low-lying people would rather hope to be rewarded. There are offerings after selling the fields, so I'm afraid I won't get them. The countryside is fat, and the government stands tall. Sitting on the farm, life is easy. " (Overseas Chinese Ji Wu (Volume 1) sent to Changzhou, Liu) He was deeply touched by the bankruptcy of enriching the people in the south of the Yangtze River, saying "Several Trees in the South of the Yangtze River" (Anecdotal Stories of Overseas Chinese Ji Wu (Volume 2) sent to Fan Zifang). These not only reflected the economic and social decline of Wuzhong in the middle and late Yuan Dynasty, but also reflected Jacky's dissatisfaction with the excessive plundering of wealth and taxes by the state.
Nineteen years of Yuan Dynasty
(1282) By sea, the autumn grain in the three provinces in the south of the Yangtze River is transported to Dadu by sea. The imperial court set up Haidao Wan Hu Mansion in Pingjiang, which was divided into Spring Festival travel rush Peak and Xia Yun every year, and the grain in the south of the Yangtze River was continuously transported to Dadu. As the leader of Soochow literati, Jacky attended the gathering of Soochow literati and met many shipping dignitaries. He learned that the grain transported by sea did not fall, and the life of the crew was not guaranteed at sea. He is full of sympathy for the boatmen who died in the sea: "Those who have a country are all in service, and if they are driven by others, they will be no worse than those who are involved in the world" ("Overseas Chinese Wu Ji") "Today, the husband's sea is the most dangerous in the world, and the millet in the southeast of the country is from the sea to the valley. Since it is not God's blessing, it will be fatal after the spread of God, why should it be innocent! " (Overseas Chinese Wu Ji (volume 1 1) "Love Monument of Ten Thousand Families in Caowan, the capital of Qianhai Road") He learned about the food supply situation in most cities, but he was not satisfied with most cities. He said: "I only admire the emperor, but I don't know the southeast rice, but I am destined to be in Yan, and there are also sea people Zhu and Zhang who set up a strategy to cross the sea and use sea boats." At the beginning, it was only tens of thousands, and the minister for promoting profits increased the benefits every year. Today, even if it is tens of millions, the people of Gideon are hungry for food "("Overseas Chinese Wu Ji ",Volume 8," Sending Preface "); "The capital is huge, there are many people, and it has been 60 or 70 years since the flight of the ladder mountains, the gathering of clouds and fog, and the opening of the mouth to eat by sea under the webbed hub" (Overseas Chinese Wu Ji 1 1, Qianhai Road, a monument to thousands of families); "Both capital city and the whole world gather together, so it's almost easy to eat in the sea" (Overseas Chinese Wu Ji 1 1, Yan Zhigong, deputy doctor of Yahua). These words are full of dissatisfaction that most people would rather eat by the sea than make Jiangnan rich.
Zhi Zheng Shi San
The rich in Jiangnan went bankrupt one after another, and the prosperity of the past no longer existed. At the same time, the water conservancy in the northern region is in disrepair and the land productivity is declining. He is critical of this. In the 12th year of Zheng Zheng (1352), the sea traffic was impassable, so the Prime Minister Tuotuo suggested developing water conservancy in Gyeonggi to solve the food supply in nearby metropolises. In the 13th year of Zheng Zhi (1353), the court sent Xu and others to the south of the Yangtze River to "recruit powerful officials in the south of the Yangtze River to lead the tillers to the north". He attended the Wuzhong literati gathering to see Xu off and made a preface to see him off. He first reviewed the relationship between water conservancy and national prosperity in history: "Zhou prospered with Hou Ji, hence the saying. Zhou has the world, Chen Zhiya, nothing more than food and clothing. It is appropriate to dare not forget to praise, so you can worship it 800 times, which is better than Xia Shang. Since the Qin dynasty, the number of rich and powerful people will fight if they don't plow. In the Han dynasty, filial piety was used to select scholars, so there were many scholars. Zhao Chongguo settled in Xirong and built wasteland, which saved the border expenses. The decline is due to the prosperity of wasteland. The prosperity of Zhou, Qin, Han and Tang dynasties was based on the development of agricultural water conservancy in northwest China. And "I started in the desert. For more than a hundred years, I didn't take ploughing mulberry as a top priority at first. Zhongzhou has sealed 10,000 wells, and it has to work hard to meet the needs of the army. Why is the sea open and the cultivators of the past safe? The person in charge of this country has followed up to now and learned about the maritime traffic in the southeast, and he is also left-handed. "It criticizes the situation that farmland in northwest China is barren and water conservancy is abandoned after the country implements shipping. Secondly, he criticized the saying that rice is not suitable for the north: "The water is light, and the soil is soft and solid. Or it is early cold in the north, and the soil is not suitable for growing rice. However, Su Zhenzhi tried to open the old state of Youzhou and collect rice rent around the Great Wall. Daxing cultivated land north of the Great Wall in Sui Dynasty, and the annual income of cultivated land around Hedong Hexi in Hebei Province was particularly rich during the Tang Kaiyuan period. From this point of view, our diligence and thrift can't be limited to the north and the south (Volume 8 "Sending Preface" of Wu Ji of Overseas Chinese), which refutes the statement that water conservancy is limited to the north and south, and thinks that northwest China has the conditions to develop water conservancy. Finally, he believes that when recruiting agricultural teachers in the south of the Yangtze River, the country must solve the practical problem of their living in the north: "However, once the people in Wutian are recruited, they will donate their parents and abandon their wives to stay in the village and trudge miserably, hoping that they will concentrate on farming. Although the years are unbearable, there will be wells, houses, stoves and medicines. Just like Chao Cuo's policy of moving to the border, people will live happily and without looking back. " Based on his position among scholars and the influence of his articles, his attitude towards heavy taxes in the south of the Yangtze River, enriching the people and bankruptcy, and building water conservancy projects in the northwest actually reflects the attitude of southeast scholars.
Soochow scholars, represented by Jacky, are more concerned about the local interests of Soochow than the national interests. The essence of the northwest water conservancy they advocate is to solve the food supply in most places by developing the northwest water conservancy, so as to alleviate the pressure of food in the southeast. When the world was in chaos at the end of the Yuan Dynasty, Wu Dongshi people lost hope in the imperial court and turned to Zhang Shicheng: "When the Yuan Dynasty split Wu Dong, the wise men made suggestions, and the brave did it, and the scholars sold it to fear the future." (Clouds in the Four Years of Tianshun) Qian Pu's Preface to the Collection of Qing Folk Songs "Southeast scribes rely more on it", and _ also entered the Zhang Shicheng shogunate, and "lived in seclusion for the longest time" (Preface to Selected Poems of Yuan _), which clearly shows that Soochow scholars represented by _ are dissatisfied with the country's southeast economic policy. Zheng Zheng promoted Confucianism in Jiangsu and Zhejiang for twenty-four years, and Yuan You gladly left, saying, "Wen Tai is also a Confucian." Born in September, he died (appendix Su Danian's Epitaph of Mr. Jun Zheng in Suichang). Finally, it should be pointed out that Jacky advocates the development of northwest water conservancy to solve the food supply in nearby metropolises and reduce the tax revenue in the south of the Yangtze River. In the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, it actually represented the thoughts of Jiangnan scholars. Therefore, although he has only experienced two short-term academic posts, his poems are of great significance to the times, and he himself is regarded as a scholar in Wuzhong and a leader in Wuzhong literary world.
Dingxi Ten Scenes
Ding Shi Jacky _
Yanquan waterfall
Gan Kun was a great craftsman and cast two stone halls.
There is no axe chisel, but there are exquisite windows.
Springs and waterfalls, in the cold snow.
The crystal is inserted into Tianzhu, and the east wind vibrates.
Long Hong prayed for drought.
The number of dragons is 99 and the number of fish scales is 66.
If a fish becomes a dragon, you should stay in the rain.
Farmers in the village beat drums to pray, while Hiderigami thundered.
Water God and Yin and Yang tin my barren valley.
Architectural Zen 'an
If you rob a husband outside, the fruit is not ripe
The white clouds protect the shade, and the green radish hangs high on the elm.
Measure the cold, warm, smoke, valley and sky of the stone spring.
Recalling the people who used to lean on sticks, they hesitated.
Xinzhuang Shixian
Cui Wei _ two stones, _ can't be stones.
The vines surround Ziyun, and the birds print moss.
A trickle of spring water, _ _ flowers and rain.
There are many Korean pines in the deep mountains, and firewood grazing is like an acquaintance.
Shangxi Guan Yu
Help out the upstream, peach petals follow the water.
Silk pole old rock, sheepskin bamboo hat.
Get fish and willow branches and get drunk at the head of the stream.
If you don't envy the scale, you should have no waves.
Xiaoyangge bridge
The old and the young are too deep, and the pine tree picks up the branches.
Take care of each other but laugh at each other and go hand in hand.
Taniguchi prevents clouds from falling, and shoulders carry the moon.
Forgetting to work, keeping a secret appointment, the wind and rain are not in vain.
The person in charge of the suburbs suggested farming.
Gulls and pigeons sing spring rain, and lotus plows return to the eastern suburbs.
Young and diligent, the fields are not wasted.
Sang Tian has plenty of food and clothing, and tribute is plentiful.
Advise officials not to knock at the door after closing at dusk.
Guimu shantou
Alfalfa is fattened in spring and grazed in three or five hills.
Thousands of rivers drop plums and gather cocoons and calves.
The evening breeze flies and smells delicious.
Go home until dusk, _ clothes and the moon.
The stone eagle passed through the clouds.
The stars are carved into pale dogs, imposing.
Phosphorus grows green and _ _ is covered with brocade.
A sly rabbit scared away, but a blackbird missed the shot.
Forest and valley gather together, lonely _ including sunset glow.
Bimodal barrier
Towering high is a little star, and Zhuo Zhuo is in the dark.
Lotus branches out and lotus flowers appear side by side.
The peaks are opposite to Fujian and Hubei, and the hills lean against Jingxing.
Nature sets strange risks, with above the fold in the east.