Daoguang 18 (1838), Zhang Yuzhao 16 years old. He was admitted to a scholar in Yingxian County. In the twenty-sixth year of Daoguang (1846), he was selected in Hubei Province. In the 30th year of Daoguang (1850), Zhang went to Beijing to take the imperial academy exam. Once elected, officials award cabinet letters. Zeng Guofan is the examiner of this exam, because Zhang Wen looks very solid, so it is surprising. Zhang Hou traveled to Zengmen, joined Xue Fucheng and was called "Four Bachelor's Degree in Zengmen".
Zhang Yuzhao has worked in Beijing for two years, but his official position is not obvious. Witnessed official corruption, but entertained himself with books and articles, and then abandoned his official position and returned to the south. 1852, Zhang Yuzhao was hired to give lectures at Shao Ting Academy in Wuchang. 1854, Zeng Guofan entered Hubei, and the text was in Hubei. He was called in to participate in copywriting. Since then, colleagues have been promoted for more than ten years, but Zhang is "independent of literature" and is not enthusiastic about politics, so he has never got an official position. Finally, I gave up my career and devoted myself to the study of education, literature and calligraphy. Since 187 1, Zhang has given lectures in Fengchi College in Jiangning (now Nanjing), Lianchi College in Baoding, Jianghan College in Wuchang and Lumen College in Xiangyang. It was not until Guangxu 18 (1892) that Zhang, who was 70 years old, was adopted to An by his son and Hou Yue from Lumen, Xiangyang. 1894 died in Xi' an apartment on the 14th day of the first month.
Zhang's life is full of peaches and plums, and his disciples are rare, such as Fan Dangshi, Zhang Jian, Yao, Zhu and Japanese Miyajima poets. Many students later became scholars, poets, essayists, calligraphers and industrialists, and gained great fame and achievements in politics and literature. Among them, Japanese disciple Miyashima has been following Mr. Zhao Yu for 8 years, and he has learned a lot from calligraphy. After Zhang's death, Miyashima returned to China forever to establish the "Good Neighborhood Academy" and spread Zhang Zhixue, which made Zhang's calligraphy develop into a genre in Japan and still endures. His disciples Yao passed down from generation to generation in Nangong County, Hebei Province, including Yao Jingxian, Dong, Zhang and Qi Lan. There are many descendants of Zhang Yuzhao in Nangong County, and many calligraphy exhibitions of Zhang Yuzhao School have been held.
Calligraphy attainments Zhang Yuzhao's calligraphy art attainments are profound, which originated in Wei and Jin Dynasties and suddenly surpassed the Tang Dynasty. Economical, rigid and elegant, it creates a unique calligraphy with an inner circle and an outer circle and alternating density. It has the characteristics of grandeur and both qi and bone. Zhang has his own unique and outstanding methods in brushwork, such as fingering, using ink and water. With the center, the brushwork is more important than ink, and the essence is restrained. "The strokes are oblique, the structure is round, the manuscript is written in a hurry, and it is even more unintentional. Fiona Fang is complacent." Therefore, Zhang Taiyan once praised: "Mr. Wang's calligraphy is a treasure handed down from generation to generation, which is really like a pearl and unique to others." Zhang's life is full of peaches and plums, and his disciples are more disappointed than others, such as Zhang Jian and Miyajima Forever.
Literature advocates the theory of learning, inheriting Tongcheng, and holds that Sinology is "broken words and broken meanings", "poor at the end, less than the end, greater than the end", while Song studies are "specialized in righteousness and reason, and all research is denounced as insufficient" (storytelling, and Zhong and other books. ), and that "the way to learn is still right. Secondly, if textual research, ci chapter, all scholars have the heart to study. Both of them must be used in solid phase, but they should be specialized in one, supplemented by one, and be good talents (Comment on Yongfu Book). As a writer, Zhang Yuzhao praised Tongcheng's righteous law and said that "if you don't believe in Tongcheng's old quotations, you will form the habit of clamoring" (Yao Yongpu's Essays on Old News). He also learned from Zeng Guofan, trying to save the weakness of Tongcheng school's ancient prose, emphasizing that "the way of writing should not be based on elegance and simplicity" (a reply to Liu Shengshu). Therefore, his writing is profound and thoughtful, and Zhang Yuzhao can also write poems and complain about depression, such as reading history. There are also works that are concerned about the country and the people, such as Lonely Anger and Night Talk with Friends.
Zhang Yuzhao's calligraphy, the main work, was also famous for a period of time, as well as Zhang Lianqing's Xueji and other ink and wash works. His main works include 8 volumes of Lotus Pavilion Collection, 5 volumes of Lotus Pavilion Legacy and 2 volumes of Lotus Pavilion Legacy Poetry Collection. 19 16, Zhao Yu's descendants re-engraved Selected Works, and combined them with his posthumous works and poems to form Lotus Pavilion Collection. His influential works include Rebuilding the Jiangtian Temple in Jinshan, Monument to the Temple of Quzi, Epitaph of Huang Ruren, Rebuilding the Learning in Nangong County, Academic Notes, Wang Tengting's Notes, Kuai's Tombstone, Ode to Zhao Chongguo and Ancient Poems.
Character evaluation Zeng Guofan said in the Diary of Finding Quezhai: "The man who hopes to succeed pushes this person." His calligraphy art was highly praised by Kang Youwei and Zhang Taiyan.
Kang Youwei once commented in "A pair of boats in Guangyi": "Zhang Yuzhao, Hubei Province, has a high ancient book, a turning point in painting, but no trace, and its posture is very steep. Its charm is the pride of Jin and Song Dynasties. There are really Jin, Tao, Wei, Song Liang, Qi and Sui, which have been unparalleled for thousands of years. " "I have a book, I came to the ink, the pen will be folded, the ink will be picked up, the turn will be Teton, the square will be round, the fall will be hidden, and the circle will be square; Therefore, it is necessary to keep the sharp pen and clean the pen, which is to realize the brushwork. "
Li Shuchang called it "elegance and transcendence" and "a speech on alcohol" (a continuing compilation of ancient literary genres).
Wu Rulun even praised him for being "bigger and bigger" and "unique in Historical Records". Although "the style of writing is not as good as that of Zeng, but the meaning is cunning and mean, it can also be a family of its own" (with Yao).
He thinks highly of himself, claiming to be the author of Yuan Chuan, which is equivalent to Yao Nai and Mei Zengliang (in reply to Li Taishou's book). Therefore, Wu Rulun's poem "Yi Yun Feng Lianqing" said: "Zhang Suao worries about everything for entertainment, and the wind and waves pour into the pen."
The story of book collection entered the shogunate of Zeng Guofan, and was called "the four disciples of Zeng Men" with Wu Rulun, Xue Fucheng and Li Shuchang, and was praised as "a successful person" by Zeng Guofan.
Life is plain and an official. He said, "I have no hobbies in the world, but I like literature alone." He has given lectures in various academies in Jiangning, Hubei, Zhili and Shaanxi, and trained many students. He can write poems, and he is worried about national affairs, such as lonely anger and night talk with friends. Calligraphy has profound artistic attainments and is also famous for a while. Its calligraphy style is called "Zhang Font" and there are many kinds of inks such as "Learning Notes". I like collecting books, and I have many contacts with Yang Shoujing and other bibliophiles, and I am also very close to Jiang Guang, a bibliophile in Jiangsu and Zhejiang. He once recorded: "Jiang P is good at reading and has hundreds of thousands of books. Trapped by Guangdong thieves in eastern and western Zhejiang, they fled to the sea, from Yijiang to Chu, and moved to Jianghan. Of course, they will bring their books, they will go there from time to time and build them well. " According to the Preface to Guyi Series, Zhang Lianqing collected the definitions of the three characters of Shangshu in English, Song and Shu. The masterpiece collection is also pro-school, and after his proofreading, it is said to be excellent. He has compiled 28 volumes of Gaochun County Records, including Lotus Pavilion Collection, Lotus Pavilion Legacy and Lotus Pavilion Legacy Poetry. 19 16, Zhao Yu's descendants re-engraved Selected Works, and combined them with his posthumous works and poems to form Lotus Pavilion Collection.
Selected works and poems
Write poems about history
Fame and fortune, cooking a dog hides a bow, pathetic.
Fan Li's whole family is dead. Poor wuyue!
calligraphy
The following calligraphy works are running script vertical axis, running script seven-character couplet, Han Yu's Teng Xu, running script vertical axis, running script five-character couplet and running script nine-character couplet in turn.
Cultural introduction
Zhang Yuzhao Cultural Park is located in Jungle Village, Zhaoshan Town, Ezhou City, Hubei Province. It is about 1 km away from the location of Zhaoshan Town. It is connected with 106 National Highway, Huang Wu Expressway and Beijing-Zhuhai Expressway through Tiehe Line and 239 Provincial Highway, with convenient transportation.
Zhang Yuzhao Cultural Park has Zhang Yuzhao Literature and History Museum, Zhang Yuzhao Calligraphy Monument Gallery, Zhang Yuzhao Calligraphy School Monument Forest, Lianqing Building, Folk Museum, Ecological Park and other attractions. And held a grand opening ceremony on 20 12 10 18. Many domestic scholars and experts attended the opening ceremony and spoke highly of it. The Wenzong Xuefu Building in Zhang Yuzhao Cultural Park not only preserves the important cultural relics of Zhang Yuzhao and his family, such as wooden tablets, title deeds and epitaphs. During the Qianlong period, many exquisite calligraphy works of Zhang Yuzhao calligraphy schools were also gathered. Zhang Yuzhao Calligraphy Monument Gallery also burned Mr. Zhang Yuzhao's famous calligraphy works, such as "Sword Zan", "Qian Wen Zi", "Ba Fen Kao" and "Kai Shu Tie Shi". Among them, the huge volume of stone carving "Notes on Learning" is a rare treasure.
Zhang Yuzhao Cultural Park is rich in humanistic style and regional characteristics, and the humanistic environment and natural landscape complement each other. The master plan includes six functional areas: human landscape, lake and mountain landscape, leisure and holiday, academic conference, teaching sketch and ecological landscape, which can receive more than 6,000 tourists every day. Zhang Yuzhao Cultural Park, together with Liangzidao Eco-tourism Zone and Zhaoshan Cuizhu Villa, a famous agricultural sightseeing spot in Hubei, integrates water, mountains and culture, and becomes a beautiful tourist card in southeastern Hubei.