Four?Great?Classic?Novels
Romance of the Three Kingdoms, The Water Margin, The Journey to the West and A Dream of Red Mansions are also called the four classical literary masterpieces, which are the precious heritage of the Chinese nation. The four classical novels bear the essence of culture and have influenced the descendants of Chinese people throughout the ages. The reflection of the four classic novels on the historical events of humanistic social ethics has benefited us a lot, among which the depiction of characters is even more intriguing and thought-provoking. Mu Yujing, the founder of Zhuo Yixuan, vividly shows the representative figures in jade carving with four classical novels as the background. The novel and unique knife method makes the characters lifelike, and the smooth works seem to be immersed in the scene, as if they had crossed into the scene at that time.
During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, classical novels flourished. Four Great Classical Novels appeared in the history of China literature. They are The Romance of Three Kingdoms, The Water Margin, The Journey to the West and A Dream of Red Mansions.
The Romance of the Three Kingdoms, formerly known as Popular Romance of the Three Kingdoms, is a famous historical novel, which was written by Luo Guanzhong based on the folk stories of the Three Kingdoms and the historical work The History of the Three Kingdoms. Luo Guanzhong was born in the late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty. The novel mainly tells the story of Cao Cao, Sun Quan and Liu Bei's separatist regime: attacking Zhujiazhuang (one of the water margin stories) and forming a tripartite confrontation among the three countries. It is China's first chapter-by-chapter historical novel.
Water Margin, also known as water margin loyalty, appeared almost at the same time as the Romance of the Three Kingdoms. This is a novel adapted by Shi Naian according to the story of Sung River Uprising in the late Northern Song Dynasty. With the theme of "officials forcing the people to revolt", the novel describes the story of the heroic uprising in Liangshan 108, Shui Bo, exposes the cruelty and decay of the feudal rulers, and praises the heroic behavior of the heroes in eliminating violence.
The Journey to the West was made by Wu Cheng'en, an Amin, who combined the story of Tang Priest's scriptures with folklore. The novel describes the story that the Monkey King, who once made a scene in heaven, escorted Tang Priest and his disciples to the Western Heaven to learn Buddhist scriptures. After eighty-one difficulties, he finally got the true scriptures. The Journey to the West is a famous long fairy tale in China, with rich imagination, wonderful story and vivid language.
A Dream of Red Mansions, also known as the Story of the Stone, consists of 120 chapters. Cao Xueqin of A Qing Dynasty wrote the first 80 chapters, and Gao E continued to write the second 40 chapters. Based on the love tragedy of Jia Baoyu and Lin Daiyu, this novel describes the decline of four feudal bureaucrats, Jia, Wang, Shi and Xue, especially the Jia family, exposes the evils of feudal rulers and explains the historical fate of the inevitable decline of feudal dynasties. A Dream of Red Mansions is a novel with the best combination of artistry and ideology in China's classical literature and a great realistic masterpiece in China's literature.
"Four Great Classical Novels" and some excellent novels in this period all reflect the life at that time, which has certain practical significance.
! ! ! If there are enough squares, you can cut them out and highlight one of them.
Cultural celebrities
Han Fu-Sima Xiangru, Tang Poetry-poet Li Bai, Song Ci-Li Qingzhao,
Calligraphers-regular script (Yan Zhenqing), running script (Wang Xizhi), cursive script (Huai Su, Zhang Xu)
Painter-Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival (Zhang Zeduan)
Medicine-Yao Wang (Sun Simiao), Yi Sheng (Zhang Zhongjing)
Military-the originator of military strategists (Lu Shang) and the sage of military strategists (grandson)
National Heroes-Wen Tianxiang, Yue Fei and Yu Qian
And so on, you can choose to list, or you can focus on one aspect and introduce it in detail.
the four great inventions
The Four Great Inventions refer to the four great inventions that had a great influence on the world in ancient China, and they were important creations of the working people of the Han nationality in ancient China. Namely papermaking (Han Dynasty), compass (Eastern Zhou Dynasty), gunpowder (Sui and Tang Dynasties) and printing (Sui and Tang Dynasties). This statement was first put forward by Joseph Needham, a British sinologist, and was later inherited by many historians in China. It is generally believed that these four great inventions greatly promoted the development of politics, economy and culture in ancient China. These inventions spread to the west through various channels and had a great influence on the history of world civilization.
Historical significance:
The four great inventions are a series of glorious footprints left by Chinese ancestors to the world, and they are symbols of great contributions made by human civilization and progress.
The invention of papermaking provided economical and convenient writing materials for human beings and set off a revolution of human writing carrier.
The invention of printing greatly promoted the spread of culture.
(3) The invention of the compass provided conditions for the navigation activities of European navigators.
(4) Invention of gunpowder weapons: The use of gunpowder weapons changed the way of fighting, helped the European bourgeoisie to destroy feudal fortresses and accelerated the historical process in Europe.
! ! ! Similarly, if you want a detailed introduction, you can go to Baidu Encyclopedia to search for the details of the "Four Great Inventions", which is quite complete.
Character evolution
Oracle Bone Inscriptions in Shang Dynasty-bronze inscriptions-seal script-official script-regular script, running script and cursive script. After Wei and Jin Dynasties, he began to pay attention to aesthetic function)
Characteristics of different forms of Chinese characters;
1. Oracle bone inscriptions Oracle bone inscriptions are characters carved on tortoise shells and animal bones, mainly used for divination and applied in the late Shang Dynasty. It has a high phase contrast, and the direction of the character line is quite uncertain.
2. Bronze inscriptions. Bronze inscriptions are words cast on bronzes. They were mainly used in the late Shang Dynasty and the Western Zhou Dynasty. The pictographic degree of bronze inscriptions is relatively high, but at the same time there is a trend of lines and straightness.
3. big seal. This is the writing of the late Western Zhou Dynasty. Inheriting the bronze inscriptions of the Western Zhou Dynasty, Qin Xiao Zhuan was created.
4. Xiao Yan. This is the writing used in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. After Qin unified the six countries, Xiao Zhuan became a national book. The font of Xiao Zhuan is regular and symmetrical, and the font is simplified, which further reduces the degree of phase contrast.
5. Lishu was produced at the end of the Warring States and matured in the Western Zhou Dynasty, which was the main font of the Han Dynasty. Lishu changed the curved lines of Xiao Zhuan into straight strokes, which further simplified the font and made writing easier, but at the same time greatly reduced the pictographic degree of ancient Chinese characters. The shape is square and regular, with a long horizontal and slightly undulating trend, and the right oblique pen is sufficient. -Li Si in Qin Dynasty
6. cursive script. Cursive script was formed in Han dynasty, which is a simple font to assist official script. It is mainly used for drafting documents and correspondence. Lian Bi is used in cursive writing, which is fast, but difficult to recognize. -Huai Su and Zhang Xu in the Tang Dynasty.
7. Run the script. Running script appeared at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty. After the emergence of regular script, running script gradually evolved into a font between cursive script and regular script, which is easier to identify and write than cursive script. -Wang Xizhi's Preface to the Lanting Pavilion
8. regular script Regular script, also called regular script, is a kind of real writing. It was formed in the Han and Wei Dynasties and gradually became the main font in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. It has been used until now. Its font is square and neat, left-handed, stiff and hard-hooked, the wave potential is reduced, the strokes tend to be simple and round, and it is easier to write. -Yan Zhenqing, Liu Gongquan and Ou Yangxun in the Tang Dynasty.
The text ends here. As for the pictures, you can search on Baidu yourself. I've seen them, and they're generally okay.
PS: I hope it works for you. I've been trying for a long time.