Huai Su (737-799, once called 725-785), born in Lingling, Yongzhou (now Lingling, Hunan), was a calligrapher in the Tang Dynasty. He is famous for "Weeds" and is known as the "sage in the grass" in history. Being a monk since childhood, I like calligraphy after meditation. And Zhang Xu, collectively referred to as "Dian Zhang Kuang vulgar".
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From the development of cursive script, the development of cursive script can be divided into three stages: early cursive script, Zhanghui cursive script and present cursive script.
Shuo Wen Jie Zi was written in the 12th year (AD 100). Xu Shen said in Xu that "there were cursive scripts in Han Dynasty", and cursive scripts started from cursive scripts.
At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, famous artists such as Zhang and later Zhong You emerged in large numbers, each of which became a genre. At that time, Zhao Yi had an article "Non-cursive script", and Cai Yong also had a similar discussion on maintaining the status of orthography, which reflected that cursive script was very popular.
From the end of the Han Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty, cursive script developed from Cao Zhang with the meaning of official script to today's cursive script, and even to wild cursive script.
Cao Zhang originated in the Western Han Dynasty and flourished in the Eastern Han Dynasty. The font is in the form of official script, and the characters are different and correct each other. Cao Zhang's name has been interpreted in different dynasties.
It is the most absurd to say that Cao Zhang got his name from the chapter in Urgent Chapter since the end of Han Dynasty. It is speculated that Zhang Di liked cursive script or ordered it to be used as a souvenir, and even said that Zhang Di created cursive script. Some chapters are synonymous with the articles of association and Zhang Kaizhang, which are in line with the early cursive script with eight strokes, and the words are not related to each other, and the strokes have changed into rules to follow, which many people believe.
When did this grass come into being? There are two viewpoints: Zhang Zhi in the late Han Dynasty, Wang Xizhi in the Eastern Jin Dynasty and Wang Qia. From the handed down tables, stickers and unearthed Han bamboo slips and bricks, it can be seen that at the end of the Han Dynasty, eight-part essay, as a regular script, had a writing method similar to real books. Cursive scripts can also mutate.
Cui Yuan, a cursive writer who is a little later than Zhang Zhi, described cursive script as "like a string of beads, never leaving", "losing momentum, entangled with others", "hanging without a tail" and "having subtle opportunities, adapting temporarily". It can be seen that the cursive script at the end of Han Dynasty was smooth and informal. The development of calligraphy has no obvious boundaries.
It is said that this grass originated from the bud of Zhang Zhi as a new body; It is said that this grass originated from the two kings, focusing on the typical formation. True books have been handed down since the Tang Dynasty.
In the Tang Dynasty, cursive script, represented by Zhang Xu and Huai Su, became an artistic creation completely divorced from practicality. The cursive script, also known as the big grass, is bold and unrestrained, with a continuous momentum, such as Zhang Xu's Thousand Stones, the Four Methods of Ancient Poetry in the Tang Dynasty, and the Autobiographical Post by the monk Huai Su. Zhang Xu was called "the sage of grass" in history, but Sun's "Pu Shu" is another way of saying it, and there is no connection.
"Big grass" and "small grass" are symmetrical. Big grass is pure grass-based and difficult to identify. Zhang Xu and Huai Su are good at it, and their words are written in one stroke, sometimes out of line, but the context is constant.
In Qing Dynasty, Feng Ban gave a lecture on cursive script in "Blunt Printing Book": learn from it, learn from it, learn from it, and learn from Zhang Xu as weeds, so it is better to learn from Huai Su.
Huai Su's cursive script is easy to recognize, the handwriting is fine, and the relationship between words is clear and easy to put pen to paper.
Zhang Xu's glyphs vary widely, often a number, and the momentum between them is constant, which is difficult to identify and forms a unique style. As mentioned in Han Yu's Preface to Giving People a Noble Mind, Zhang Xu's cursive script is "angry and embarrassed, sad and sorrowful, resentful and resentful, yearning, drunk and annoyed, unfair and moving in the heart, which is bound to be reflected in the cursive script", so it is difficult to learn from Zhang.
References:
Cursive script-Baidu encyclopedia