catalogue
brief introduction
geographical position
human history
Famous scenic spot Lu Shen
Changling
Dingling
Zhaoling
Yongling
Fairy spirit
Qingling
Maoling
Kangling
Tinkling
residue
Delin
Yuling
navigate by water/air
Brief introduction to the tombs buried with the Ming Tombs
geographical position
human history
Famous scenic spot Lu Shen
Changling
Dingling
Zhaoling
Yongling
Fairy spirit
Qingling
Maoling
Kangling
Tinkling
residue
Delin
Yuling
navigate by water/air
Buried Tomb of the Ming Tombs
Expand and edit this introduction.
The Ming Tombs are the tombs of the Ming emperors in China, located at Tianshou Mountain at the foot of Yanshan Mountain in Changping District, northwest suburb of Beijing. In the seventh year of Yongle (1409), construction of Changling was started here, and the last emperor of the Ming Dynasty, Chongzhen, was buried in Siling. In the past 230 years, 13 tombs of emperors, 7 tombs of concubines and 1 tombs of eunuchs have been built successively. * * * buried thirteen emperors, twenty-three queens, two princes, more than thirty concubines and a eunuch.
Edit the geographical location of this section.
The Ming Tombs are located at the foot of Tianshou Mountain. Total area 120 square kilometers. It's about fifty kilometers from Beijing. Ming Tombs
This data comes from Baidu map, and the final result is subject to Baidu map data.
The Ming Tombs are located in a small basin surrounded by mountains in the east, west and north, surrounded by mountains on all sides and a plain in the middle. There is a winding river in front of the tomb, with beautiful scenery and beautiful scenery. Thirteen imperial tombs were built along the mountain, located at the foothills of the east, west and north respectively, forming a mausoleum complex with complete system, grand scale and magnificent momentum. Warlocks in the Ming Dynasty thought it was a "Feng Shui" resort and an excellent "auspicious land". Therefore, it was chosen as the "longevity domain" for the construction of the imperial tomb by the Ming Dynasty. The cemetery was built in 1409 ~ 1645, with a history of more than 300 ~ 600 years. Covering an area of 40 square kilometers, the Mausoleum is the largest existing imperial mausoleum complex in China and even the world. In the Ming Dynasty, on the road to the north of Shahe, there was a seven-hole stone "Chaozong Bridge". In the town east, there is a magnificent "Gonghua City". This city used to be the palace where Emperor Jiajing rested during the sacrifice in the mausoleum, and now only the ruins are left. The Ming Tombs are the general name of the royal tombs of 13 emperors after the Ming Dynasty moved its capital to Beijing. There are Changling (Chengzu), Xianling (Renzong), Jingling (Xuanzong), Yuling (Yingzong), Maoling (Xianzong), Tailing (Xiaozong), Kangling (Wuzong) and Yongling (Sejong) in turn. The scenic spots that have been opened are Changling, Dingling, Zhaoling and Lu Shen. The Ming Tombs are one of the best preserved imperial tombs in China. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), in order to protect this cultural relic, the government began to carry out maintenance from the early days of liberation, and protected the Ming Tombs as a national key cultural relic. 1957, the Beijing municipal government announced the Ming Tombs as the first batch of key ancient cultural relics protection units in Beijing. 196 1 year, the Ming Tombs were announced as national key cultural relics protection units. 1982, the State Council announced Badaling-Ming Tombs Scenic Area as one of the 44 key scenic spots in China. 199 1 year, the Ming Tombs were identified by the National Tourism Administration as one of the "Forty Best Tourist Attractions in China". 1992, the Ming Tombs were rated as "the world's most well-preserved tombs with the largest number of buried emperors" by the Beijing Tourism World's Most Selected Committee.
Edit this human history
The Ming Tombs are the tombs of thirteen emperors in the Ming Dynasty. The Ming Dynasty experienced sixteen emperors. Why is it called the Ming Tombs? This is to trace the history of the Ming Dynasty. Zhu Yuanzhang, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty, made Nanjing his capital and was buried in Zhongshan, Nanjing after his death, known as the "Ming Mausoleum" in history.
Landscape of the Ming Tombs (1) (14) The second emperor, Zhu Yunwen (Emperor Wen Jian), was unaccounted for because his uncle Judy sent troops to Nanjing in the name of "Jingnan" (meaning to save the emperor from danger). Some people say it is a monk, but his whereabouts are unknown (this is an unsolved case in the history of the Ming Dynasty), so there is no mausoleum. Zhu Qiyu, the seventh emperor, was captured by Walla because of his younger brother Yingzong, and was granted the throne at the will of the Queen Mother and ministers. Later, Yingzong was put back, and under the planning of his cronies, he made a "change to seize the door", and Yingzong was restored and became emperor again. Zhu Qiyu was killed and Zhu Qiyu died. Yingzong denied that he was an emperor and destroyed the mausoleum built in Tianshou Mountain area. He was buried as a "king" in Yuquan Mountain in the western suburbs of Beijing. In this way, two of the sixteen emperors of the Ming Dynasty were buried elsewhere, one was unaccounted for, and the other thirteen were buried in Tianshou Mountain, so they were called the "Ming Tombs". Whether Emperor Wen Jian finally set himself on fire or escaped from a secret tunnel remains a mystery.
Edit this famous scenic spot
The Ming Tombs is a natural mountainous area with specifications. Its mountain range belongs to Taihang Remnant Vein, which connects Juyongguan in the west, huanghua town in the north and Changping in the south. It is not only the barrier of the mausoleum, but also the north screen of the capital. Taihang Mountain starts from Zezhou and winds thousands of miles north to Juyongguan. Feng Wan leans back to Panqu and rises to the east as Tianshou Mountain (formerly known as Huang Tu Mountain). The mountain is towering and straight, majestic and broad, and the main force is strong. Gu, a famous scholar in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, once wrote a poem describing the superior situation here: "The mountains are coming from the south, and the momentum is like a dragon, and the dragon leaps and leaps; East toe in Lulong, west ridge in Taihang; Sitting on the yellow flower in the back (referring to huanghua town), facing the Shenjing; There is an old house called Kangjiazhuang. It can accommodate millions of people and suddenly open. " This beautiful natural landscape was regarded as a treasure trove of geomantic omen by feudal rulers.
Landscape of the Ming Tombs (2) (15) The Ming Tombs are a unified whole, and each tomb is an independent unit with similar specifications. Each mausoleum is built in front of a mountain. The distance between the two tombs is at least half a kilometer and at most eight kilometers. Except for Siling, which is located in the southwest corner, the others are fan-shaped and located around Changling (see figure). Under the guidance of China's traditional geomantic theory, from site selection to planning and design, the Ming Tombs attached great importance to the harmonious unity of mausoleum architecture and natural landscape vegetation, and pursued the perfect realm of "heaven and earth" to reflect the philosophical view of "harmony between man and nature". The Ming Tombs, as an outstanding representative of China's ancient tombs, showed the rich connotation of China's traditional culture. The layout of this mausoleum built on the mountain has also been appreciated by foreign experts. For example, Joseph Needham, a famous British historian, said: The Mausoleum is a great achievement in China's architectural form, and its overall pattern may be the greatest example of the combination of the whole building and landscape art. He rated the Ming Tombs as "the greatest masterpiece". His experience is that "you can enjoy the scenery of the whole valley from the gatehouse and meditate on its solemn scene on an organic plane, in which all the buildings are integrated with the scenery, and a person's wisdom is well expressed through the skills of architects and builders." British urban planner Edmund Bacon also spoke highly of the artistic achievements of the Ming Tombs. He believes that "the most magnificent' moving' example in architecture is Ming Taizu Mausoleum." He pointed out that the layout of the mausoleum building built on the mountain was "so magnificent that the whole valley volume was used to commemorate the dead king." They vividly describe the organic combination of the architecture of the Ming Tombs and the natural landscape. In 2003, the Ming Tombs were listed on the World Heritage List. Evaluation of World Heritage Committee: According to the theory of geomantic omen, imperial tombs of the ming and qing dynasties has carefully selected sites and skillfully placed a large number of buildings underground. It is the product of human's transformation of nature, which embodies the traditional architectural and decorative ideas, and interprets the world outlook and power view of feudal China that lasted for more than 5,000 years.
Lu Shen
Lu Shen is the first scene of the Ming Tombs, which consists of stone archway, Dahongmen, stele building, stone statue, dragon and phoenix gate, etc. Lu Shen
[1] The stone archway is the first building in front of the mausoleum, which was built in 1540 (the 19th year of Jiajing). The archway structure is five elements, six columns and eleven floors, all carved from white marble. The forehead and pillars are carved with dragon, moire and unicorn, lion and other reliefs. These patterns used to be decorated with various colors of paint, but they have been completely eroded because of their age. The whole archway is magnificent in structure and exquisitely carved, which embodies the excellent level of stone building technology in Ming Dynasty. After passing the stone archway, you can see two hills on the left and right of Shinto. To the east is Longshan (also called Mangshan), which looks like a galloping black dragon. To the west is Tiger Mountain (commonly known as Tiger Valley), which looks like an alert tiger. In ancient Taoism in China, it was said that "the left green dragon and the right white tiger" were auspicious signs, and the "dragon" and "tiger" were left and right respectively, guarding the gates of the Ming Tombs with dignity. Dahongmen is located in the south of Yuling District. Divided into three holes, also known as the Grand Palace Gate, it is the main entrance of the cemetery. On both sides of the gate stands a stone tablet engraved with the words "Officials are waiting to dismount here". Anyone who comes to pay homage to the mausoleum must enter the cemetery from now on to show the supreme dignity of the imperial tomb. There used to be two corner gates on both sides of the gate, which were connected by a red 80 Li Long fence. In the winding city wall, there is another xiaohongmen and ten entrances and exits, all of which are heavily guarded and forbidden to the people. Now that these walls have collapsed, some remnants are still discernible. The avenue behind Dahongmen is called Shinto, also called Lingdao. It starts from the stone archway, passes through Dahongmen and leads to Changling. Originally built for Changling, it later became the main mausoleum road in the whole mausoleum area. The road runs through the north and south of the cemetery with a total length of 7 kilometers. There are a series of buildings along the road, which are scattered and spectacular. Located in the center of Shinto, the Monument Pavilion is a tall square pavilion with double eaves and four corners, which was built by Changling. There is a 6-meter-high stone tablet carved with a dragon-headed turtle in the pavilion. The title is "Daming Mausoleum Monument", with more than 3,500 words of inscription. This was written by Zhu Gaochi, a Ming Emperor, and Cheng Nanyun, a famous calligrapher in the early Ming Dynasty. The inscription was written in 1425 (the first year of Hongxi), but it was carved in 1435 (the tenth year of Xuande). On the dark side of the monument, there are also thirteen rhymes of Mourning the Ming Tombs written by Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty. The inscription records in detail the damage of the tombs of Chang, Yong, Ding and Si. On the east side of the monument is a record of the cost of repairing the Ming Tombs by the Qing court. In the west, Emperor Jiaqing discussed the reasons for the demise of the Ming Dynasty. There are four white stone watches in the four corners of the pavilion, and an animal named Wangtianhou is squatting on the top. The huabiao and the stele pavilion set each other off, which is very solemn and vigorous. On the east side of the pavilion, there used to be a palace, which was the dressing place for the queen when she came to worship the mausoleum. Now it is gone. One of the stone carving groups
The stone carving group is the stone carving man and beast placed in front of the mausoleum, which was called stone life in ancient times (the stone carving man was also called Weng Zhong). Twenty-four stone beasts and 12 stone men are neatly arranged on both sides of the thousand-meter Shinto from the two hexagonal stone pillars in the north of Beiting to Longfengmen, which are vivid in shape and finely carved, and are deeply loved by tourists. Its large number, large shape, exquisite carving and well-preserved are rare in ancient cemeteries. There are 6 kinds of stone beasts, 4 of each kind, all kneeling. It is meaningful to show them here. For example, lions are mighty and good at fighting; Avengers, as legendary beasts, are good at distinguishing loyalty from treachery, and always touch evil people with one-horned heads. Lions and horses are both guardians who symbolize guarding the mausoleum. Kirin, the legendary "benevolent beast", means good luck. Camels and elephants are loyal and kind, and can travel long distances with heavy loads. A good horse is good at running and can be used as a mount. Stone men were divided into four ministers, four civil servants and four military attaché s, all of whom were closely related courtiers before the emperor died. They are all handed over statues, strong and pious. This kind of stone statue was set up in the imperial tomb as early as two thousand years ago in the Qin and Han Dynasties. It mainly plays a decorative role, symbolizing the majesty of the emperor before his death, indicating that after the emperor's death, there are still civil and military officials and various livestock to drive away, and they can still dominate everything. Lingxingmen is also called Longfengmen. The three doorways are composed of four stone pillars. The doorpost is similar to China's watch, with clouds and animals on it. In the center of the three doorways, there is also a stone fireball, so the door is also called "flame archway". On the northwest side of Longfengmen, there used to be a palace, which was a resting place for the queen to sacrifice to the mausoleum.
Changling
Located at the southern foot of the main peak of Tianshou Mountain, the Ming Changling Mausoleum is the tomb of the third emperor (Yongle) and empress Xu of the Ming Dynasty. Among the Ming Tombs, the building scale is the largest, the construction time is the earliest, and the ground buildings are also the best preserved. It is the ancestral mausoleum in the Ming Tombs and one of the most important tourist attractions in the mausoleum area. The building area of Changling Mausoleum Palace is about 6.5438+0.2 million square meters. Its plane layout is circular. The square in front of it consists of three courtyards connected in front and back. Enter the courtyard first, and there is a mausoleum gate in front. It is a palace gate building with a single eaves resting on the top of the mountain, with five rooms wide. The eaves, cornices, eaves rafters and single-angle third-order bucket arches under the eaves are all glass components. There are three red coupon doors under it. There is a platform in front of the Lingmen, and there are wall-hung corner doors on the left and right (removed and blocked). There were five kitchens (left) and five storage rooms (right) in the courtyard in the Ming Dynasty, and a pavilion was built in front of the kitchen. The God Chef and the God Library were destroyed in the middle of Qing Dynasty, while the Monument Pavilion has been preserved to this day. Changling
The second one entered the yard, and a temple gate called "Enmen" was set in front of him. According to the documents such as The Continuation of Examinations in Tai Chang, the tomb of Tianshou Mountain was named "Immortal Hall" and the doors of each hall were named "Immortal Gate", which began in the seventeenth year of Jiajing (1538) and was first named by Sejong Zhu Houzong. Among them, the word "fu" means "sacrifice and blessing" and the word "en" means "supreme goodness". Lingenmen in Changling is a hill with one eaves, with five rooms (width 31.44m) and two rooms (depth14.37m). The bucket arch under the eaves is a single oblique seven-step lifting type, and the rear end of the warhead of the bucket arch is inclined rod-shaped, which is different from Song and Qing Dynasties. There is a wooden door between the open room and the second room, which is sealed with a wall. Among them, there is a Chinese ribbon list on the board door in the Ming Dynasty, with the words "Enmen" written in gold. Later generations misspelled the word "edge" when repairing it. Below the door is a Sumitomo pedestal, surrounded by dry white jade railings. Its railings are shaped like a watchtower carved with dragons and phoenixes, a vase and three cloud-shaped railings. Stone taps (faucets) for drainage are arranged at the four corners of the abutment and under the watchpost of the railing. There are three stamping steps in front of and behind the abutment. Among them, the bas-relief pattern carved on the royal stone between the steps is very beautiful: below is the surging Yun Teng in the sea, Baoshan stands in the sea, two seahorses leap out of the water, and Ling Bo runs; Above are two collapsed temples, which were destroyed and demolished during the Republic of China. Its present situation is the same as that of Yuling.
Kang: "There is a place called Shijiatai in the west of Maoling, which is an auspicious place to build a mausoleum. There can be a mausoleum of the great emperor. " Xu Tianxi, a right engineer, also suggested to Wu Zong that people who are proficient in geomantic omen in courtiers should go and have a look again. He also suggested: "If in doubt, please move to Jiangxi and other places. Looking for warlocks, visiting famous mountains, the strength of clothing, the atmosphere of gathering, the depth of water and soil, the correctness of acupuncturing, and the strength. As Zhu said, you can worship the gods and pray for the help of the country. " Also agree to this proposal. Therefore, Wu Zong ordered eunuchs Fu An, Qin Guan, right assistant minister Wang Hua to visit Shijiatai, and finally decided to build Xiaozong Mausoleum here. On June 5, the eighteenth year of Hongzhi, the cemetery was officially opened, and the mausoleum was named Tailing. Eunuch Li Xing, Tan You of Xinning, Assistant Minister Li Cheng of Zuogong Department supervised the project, and tens of thousands of officers and men of the 3rd Battalion of the Fifth Army served. In April, the Xuan Palace was completed, and Xiaozong was buried in Yu Ling at noon on October 19th of that year. On March 22nd, the year of Zheng Deyuan (1506), all the ground buildings in the cemetery were completed. According to the records of Emperor Wuzong of Ming Dynasty, the whole mausoleum building includes: "Baojing Mountain City in Jinjing, with a six-mile wall, a sacred monument, two pillars around Luocheng, three doors and one incense hall, five rooms, two paper ovens in the left and right compartments, one palace gate, three rooms, one kitchen, one worship room and five bridges. Although the construction of the bell is only 10 months, it is not smooth sailing. Zhu Yunming's Nine Feet and Sun Xu's Useless Theory once recorded that during the construction of the Tailing Mausoleum, when the Gongxuanjinjing was excavated, spring water gushed out, "the water cave is like a giant cup, which can't stop spewing". Yang Ziqi, the official department minister, saw it with his own eyes and told the court truthfully. In the ancient concept of geomantic omen, the water flowing from the golden well was considered as an ominous sign. In this way, tailings must be relocated. At that time, Li Xing, the eunuch of the army, was highly prized by Wu Zong, who was arrogant and domineering. He was very angry when he saw someone commenting on the matter of repairing the mausoleum, which he was in charge of. Li Chengsui, the left assistant minister of the Ministry of Industry, hopes that the mausoleum will be built as soon as possible, and also thinks that Yang Ziqi is talkative. They secretly ordered people to block the spring, saying that Yang Ziqi was "slanderous and arrogant". Since Wu Zong didn't ask questions indiscriminately, he ordered Yang Ziqi to be put in prison. Other well-informed officials never dared to mention it again, let alone plead for Yang Ziqi's resolution. As it happens, Qiu Taitai, the new magistrate of Putian, came to Beijing, and when he saw that the capital was discussing this matter in succession, he said to the audience, "It is very beneficial to compare the instrument with the instrument. There is water in Tailing Mountain, and the whole country is covered with dark clouds. If you don't say it at this time, Zigong will have something to say after burial. If you want to open it, you will be discouraged. If you don't open it, you will regret it. It depends on whether there is water, and this doubt can be released. " Xiao Jing, the eunuch in Li Si prison, felt justified and ordered him to escort Yang Ziqi to Tailing to identify himself. Yang Ziqi expected that Li Cheng of Li Xinghe would stop the spring, but he was unfortunate. When leaving, he wrote a poem: drums are forbidden to ring late, and the west side of the noon gate stands for a long time. Chu people cried, and it turned out to be a delusion to worry about living together. The group discussion has been made public and must be solid, but it is not said publicly but known. Ask the ambassador of Shanling frequently, and have doubts with the court. He compared himself to Bian He, who presented beautiful jade to the king of Chu when he was fighting for the country, and thought that he had done an alarmist foolish thing. Now, I don't know who in the DPRK can clear this grievance for himself. Xiao Jing took Yang Ziqi to the Qin tomb, and Li Xing came with people. Xiao Jing said to them, "Whether there is water or not depends on its own opinion. Why is this happening? " "Scholar-officials can be killed, but not humiliated." Back to the imperial court, Xiao Jing reported that there was no water in Tailing Gold Well. The Queen Mother (Xianzong) heard about this in the palace and said, "No water is enough. Why should we be guilty? " ! "Yang was reinstated and avoided a fatal disaster. In fact, even if there is no water in Tailing Jinjing, from the perspective of "Feng Shui", there are indeed many places that are not suitable for "Jitu". For example, Liang Fen once commented on the geomantic omen of Tailing Mountain in The Illustration of the Mausoleum: "The boulder on the top of the mountain is worn by the earth mountain. The pulse of the spiritual world is actually born under it, covering the mountains outside Tianshou Mountain. It's a mess, the atmosphere is wrong, and the knot is ruthless. It must be a place to put bows and arrows. It is in the darkness in the south of the mountain and has never seen anything before. Xianzhuang, the water from the gray ridge is from its left, and the water from the cone stone is from its right. Although the two waters merged, they dispersed around the south. ..... The land of the emperor, unspeakable, almost everyone knows! "Tan Qian also said in" The Lack of the Country ":"Tailing Mountain faces a stream, and it flows for several miles, making it rough. Anyone who knows it knows that its land is unlucky. "Some buildings in Tailing were destroyed during the reign of Emperor Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty." Illustration of the Mausoleum of the Emperor recorded the situation of Tailing Gate. "Today, the left and right doors are broken, and the doors are blocked with stones. "Since then, in the fifty to fifty-two years of Qingganlong (1785- 1787), the cemetery building has been repaired, and the repair situation is the same as that of Maoling except that three doors were converted from glazed flower doors into brick ice tray eaves. Its present situation is more severe than Maoling. Zhu Shitang, hongzhi emperor of the Ming Dynasty, was also the only emperor with only one woman in the feudal society of China.
Delin
Mingde Mausoleum, located at the west foot, is the mausoleum of the late Ming Dynasty emperor and the fifteenth emperor Zhang. Zhu Youxiao, the eldest son of Guangzong, was born on November 14th in the thirty-third year of Wanli (AD 1605). In the first year of Taichang (A.D. 1620), he proclaimed himself emperor on September 6th, and the year after that, he changed to Yuan Dynasty, which was the apocalypse. In the seventh year of the Apocalypse (AD 1627), he died on August 22nd at the age of 23. On March 8th, the first year of Chongzhen (AD 1628), Deling was buried. According to the literature, Xizong was "skilled in sex, versatile and especially fond of architecture". He once sawed with an axe and made a small pavilion by himself. "The carving is exquisite, even if it is skillful." When you are happy, you will even take off your clothes and do nothing. He "doesn't like finished products, and he doesn't hesitate to change things" to enjoy the movie. Queen Zhang, Xizong original match. Xiangfu, Henan Province, daughter of Taikang Bo Zhang. In April of the first year of the Apocalypse (A.D. 162 1), she was made queen. In the seventeenth year of Chongzhen (A.D. 1644), the peasant army of Li Zicheng hanged itself in the city. Hong Guang dynasty in the south of Ming Dynasty honored her as "the filial piety queen". In the first year of Shunzhi (A.D. 1644), the Qing Dynasty buried her in Deling.
Yuling
Located at the south foot of Shimen Mountain, the west peak of Tianshou Mountain, it is the tomb of the sixth emperor and empress Qian and Zhou of Ming Dynasty. Ming Yingzong Zhu Qizhen, the eldest son of Xuanzong. Xuande was born on November 11th in the second year (1427), became the Crown Prince on February 6th in the third year (1428), and became the emperor on the 10th day of the first month in the tenth year (1435), and changed to yuan orthodoxy the following year. In the eighth year of Tianshun (1464), on the 17th day of the first month, Yingzong died, and it was named "Tian Li Taoist Ming City, Jing Zhao Wu Wenxian to Guang Xiao Ruidi". The last will stopped martyrdom and ended the cruel system of imperial secretary martyrdom. In May, Gong Xuan Mausoleum was built, and in August, Yingzong buried Yuling. Queen Rui of Xiao Zhuang, Yingzong Yuanpei and Haizhou people all commanded Qian Gui's daughter (later named An). After seven years of orthodoxy (1442), she became a queen. In the 14th year (1449), Yingzong was captured by Wara. In order to welcome Yingzong back to the DPRK, she exported all the wealth in the palace and cried sadly every day, praying for the gods to bless Yingzong. When you are tired, lie down on the spot, so that your leg will be broken. I cried all day, and I cried blind in one eye. Xian zong acceded to the throne, honored as the empress dowager, and added the emblem of "Cixi". In the fourth year of Chenghua (1468), on June 26th, Qian died. Offering benefits to Xiaozhuang, Palace and Empress. Yuling was buried on September 4th. After filial piety, Zhou was born in liu lin cun, Wenningli, Changping (now Haidian District), and was given Zhou Neng, the daughter of Ning Guogong, by thousands of royal guards. Tang Xianzong was born in the 12th year of the Orthodox Church (1447), and was conferred the title of imperial concubine in the first year of Tianshun (1457). Xian zong ascended the throne and was honored as the empress dowager. In the twenty-third year of Chenghua (1487), the title of "Shengci Renshou" was added. After Xiaozong ascended the throne, he was honored as the Queen Mother. In the seventeenth year of Hongzhi (1504), he died on March 1st, and was named as "filial piety, filial piety, chastity, consonance, and strong support for the Empress Dowager Saint". Yuling was buried on April 18.
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Ming Siling is located at the south foot of Jinping Mountain in the southwest corner of the mausoleum area. It is the burial tomb of the last emperor of the Ming Dynasty and his empress Zhou and Huang Feitian. After the Qing Dynasty entered the Central Plains, in order to win the hearts of the people and win over the Han landlord class to serve the Qing Dynasty, the concubine tomb buried by Emperor Chongzhen was named "Siling". After the emperor Chongzhen was reburied, garden buildings on the ground were built. According to Records of the Qing Ancestors, the Qing court ordered the emperor Chongzhen to be reburied, and the Siling Building was built in May of the first year of Shunzhi (1644). For various reasons, it is very difficult to rebury, excavate and construct the Siling Mausoleum. The first is that the engineering organization cannot be implemented quickly. The project should have been the responsibility of the Ministry of Industry and the internal official director, but due to the shortage of manpower, the Ministry of Industry could not divide it. Although the official governor has instructed the Prime Minister Ran to manage the high promotion, Wang applied for the supervision and management of the three officials, but it is probably because "there is no reward and no punishment to be feared." Therefore, despite repeated urging by Cao Huachun, a former eunuch of the Ming Dynasty, the three men always turned a deaf ear. Sanqiu has passed, the solstice of winter is coming, and there is still no date for construction. Therefore, Cao Huachun had to play in November of the first year of Shunzhi (1644) and said, "Rites serve Lao Wang. I wonder why ministers care about it. Although the weather is very cold and the atmosphere is still very warm, you can still dig tunnels today. First, Zigong Palace should be built, and its monuments and pavilions should be built and held in spring. Any further delay is a day's work, that is, a day's work. What is the bright future of quick report? Fu Qiyao said that he would go to the mausoleum when he was supervising the country, first to open the tunnel, and then to build a pavilion and monument by the spring. Never use words to slow down the sinking of the pavilion (for the time being) ... The grace of the letter is clear and the righteousness is clear, and it will last forever. " The emperor shunzhi reviewed Zhu Pi and said, "The Siling has been running at a high speed, with orders. Why does the supervisor want to play with it? " Let's call it a day. Ran Zhaowei and others immediately set about their work. First, they opened the tunnel, and the rest were reported in the spring. If it is delayed, it will be cured. "Secondly, the silver needed for the project cannot be put in place in time. Under the emperor shunzhi's strict orders, Ran and others who were in charge of the construction of the Four Spirits had to get to the factory as soon as possible, and began to dig tunnels on 1 1 29, and the quarrying of the Four Spirits officially started. At that time, there were three projects that should be carried out at the same time: first, the construction of the four tombs; second, the burial of Queen Zhang of Deling; and third, the burial of Princess Liu of Wanli. Three projects are worth 3000 taels of silver. The source of the silver was originally ordered to give Ling rent silver 1500 Liang, and the minister of civil and military officials donated silver 1500 Liang. But in fact, until that year1February, although the tomb rent had been collected, I didn't know where to collect the money needed for the project. The minister of civil and military affairs donated less than half of the money. Therefore, at the beginning of the project, the Ministry of Industry only had 1 0,000 taels of silver, and at the beginning of the project, the supervisor sent only 1 0,654,38+0 taels of silver to the hospital. Therefore, Cao Huachun, former eunuchs Che Yingkui and Wang Dehua, eunuchs Wang Zhijun and Lu Weining had to move to the inner court in February of that year to urge the delivery of silver coins. At the urging of Cao Huachun and others, in September of the second year of Shunzhi (1645), the work of rebuilding Siling was finally completed. On the 10th, the minister of the Ministry of Industry can play, asking for instructions to build a fragrant hall with Yu Yin. 12, the emperor shunzhi gave instructions: "I see, the Ministry of Industry will watch the discussion and play about repairing the aftersound, and I admire it. "1October 27th, Wu Sangui, the king of the day, donated another 2,000 yuan to help build the Siling, and the Siling project came to an end temporarily. In August of the eleventh year of Shunzhi, Tan Qian, a famous scholar in the Qing Dynasty, went to worship in Siling. In his book A Journey to the North, he described the building rules of Siling at that time: "Sixty paces south of Joo Won?. The middle door is two feet long, and the left and right doors are the keys on the right. ..... Within the fence, you can stand left and right, but you can't stand. Several cases are dedicated to the memorial of Emperor Zongduan of Minghuai (here refers to the Hall of Happiness). Go north along the wall, which is also the wall. The door, left and right are as good as before. In the middle is the pavilion of steles, with the cloud "Huaizong Duanhuang Mausoleum" and the seal "Daming". ..... Into this wall, in addition to five feet, there is a stone ridge, five inches shallow, several feet square, burning silk. Five things were put in a Campbell's flask and cut with stones. Small five feet, a few horizontal stones, five fruits, whole stones. The dragon's hiding place, the earth gushed out three or four feet, the hazel tree was deserted, and there were a few wild dates. " The same book "Moon Hee Si Ji Ling" also said that the Siling Temple was named "Three Tans for the Moon" (three rooms) and "once owned by the first emperor"; The tablet pavilion (called "Inner Hall" in the text) has a forehead and the word "four spirits" in the golden book. The stone tablet "Daming" in the pavilion is also gold. Inscription "Huaizongduan Mausoleum". In the sixteenth year of Shunzhi, Siling architecture changed slightly. In March of that year, a tablet pavilion was added in front of the mausoleum. 1 1 month, go to the "Huaizong" Hall of Chongzhen Emperor. And changed it to "Zhuang Liedi". The handwriting of stone tablets and inscriptions in the mausoleum also changed. 12, the emperor shunzhi promulgated the Mausoleum of Chongzhen, and the specific construction project is unknown. However, judging from the four spirits system recorded in Tan Jigui's Sulu Song during the Kangxi period, although the four spirits were built in the sixteenth year of Shunzhi, they have not changed much. The situation of the four-spirit building recorded in the book is: "The monument pavilion is four feet and eight feet north and south, and it is repaired by three feet. Enjoy the hall, 13 steps away from the door, three steps away, no platform, three towers in the hall, seven feet two feet wide, four feet two feet long, one incense table, five green glasses, and all the utensils. A shrine, two feet and five inches high, carved with the edge of a dragon, is engraved with gold mud: "Ming Qin Tianshou Dao Min Yidun, Jian Hong Wu Wenxiang Tiren to Xiao Zhuang Emperor". Catalpa is a warm pavilion, with six long catalpa fans, three for the wood owner, Zhuang Lie for the emperor, Zhou Zhou for the left, Tian Fei for the right, and rafters for the outside. After the week, the theme of God said,' Daming is filial to Zhen Lie, kind, and blessed with the Holy Queen'. The only word left by Tian Fei is "public welfare", and the rest have been worn away. There are three black tile pagodas. There is a big apricot tree in front of the temple. The third door of the mausoleum is four steps away from the temple site, and the cave wall is a door, two feet wide and four feet wide. If it is repaired by one foot and two feet, it will be a family. Tomorrow's building is eleven steps away from the door, so you can't afford it. The fourth step is to open a door in the middle and clip two windows on the left and right. The stone tablet is ten feet wide and six feet long. It is carved with a dragon, a square seat and a high height, and is engraved with the words' The Mausoleum'. This stone is ten paces from the building, five feet long and two feet wide. Several stone tools are five or eight feet high, carving dragons to some extent. Different from tombs, Chinese Ding is listed on the ground. Baocheng is very close, there is no city, there are walls around it, and it is six feet high. The mound in the middle is made of lime, four feet high, with short walls, eight left pines and seven right pines. During the Qianlong period of Qing dynasty, the four tombs were renovated twice, and the building regulations of the cemetery also changed. In September of the 10th year of Qianlong reign (1745), Qian, the left assistant minister of punishments, was ordered to offer sacrifices.