1. Do you have any recommendations for ancient Chinese texts that have profound thoughts?
Zheng Xuan Qian Rang Selfless
Original text
Zheng Xuan Yu’s Notes on the Spring and Autumn Annals , not yet completed. When I was traveling, I met Fu Zi by chance, staying in a guest house, but I didn't know each other before. In the car outside, Fu told people what he meant by "Zhuan". Xuan listened for a long time and most of them agreed with him. Xuan came to the car and talked, saying: "I have been wanting to make an annotation for a long time, but I haven't finished it yet. Listening to your words, many of them agree with me. Now I will give you all the notes I have made." So Fu Shi annotated it.
Translation
Zheng Xuan wanted to annotate "Spring and Autumn Annals", but it has not been completed yet. I went out on business and met Fu Zishen (Qian) by chance. They stayed in the same inn and didn't know each other at first. Fu Qian was talking to others in the car outside the hotel about his idea of ??writing this book. Zheng Xuan listened for a long time and felt that Fu Qian's opinions were mostly the same as his own. So he walked to the car and said to Fu Qian: "I have wanted to annotate "Spring and Autumn Annals" for a long time, but I haven't finished it yet. After listening to what you just said, most of my opinions are the same as mine. Now, I should send all the annotations I made to Here you go." This is Fu Shi's "Spring and Autumn Notes".
2. Please provide some educational ancient texts, not too long
>>>>>>>>>>>> It’s just written by hand, I don’t know what you want to do with it. There are some that I like
There are many articles, so I added a little explanation of the specific content. Baidu ORZ
The articles in "Gu Wen Guan Zhi" are all very good
If we want to talk about the specific chapters:
Children in ancient times had to memorize "Three Character Classic" and "Thousand Character Classic", so I won't go into details
Pre-Qin part:
"Tao Te Ching" (famous sentences can be memorized, I like this book very much and I can memorize the 5,000 words)
"Li Sao" (difficult to memorize but endless aftertaste)
"The Cook and the Cow" (Zhuangzi·The Master of Health Preservation)
"Ying Shuyan Shuo" "The Zheng Man Buys Lu" (Han Feizi·Wai Chu Shuo (top left))
There are many fables in "Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals" that have been passed down to this day
Qin, Han, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties:
Zhuge Liang's "Shi Shi Biao" before and after, this must be memorized
< p> "Chen Qing Biao" by Li Mi (Although it is one of the chapters in the high school textbook, it does not affect the feeling of memorizing it at all)"The Biography of Mr. Wu Liu" by Tao Yuanming
Tang, Song, Liao and Jin Dynasties :
"Fengqiu County" by Gao Shi (a relatively long poem, but I like it very much, so I wrote it down)
"From Beijing to Fengxian County to chant five hundred poems" "Words" by Du Fu (long poems are very enjoyable to memorize)
"Inscription on the Humble Room" by Liu Yuxi (Ideologically speaking, I think Zhou Dunyi's "The Theory of Love of Lotus" is better. Coming out of the mud and not staining is better than being self-righteous. Higher realm)
"Reading" by Pi Rixiu
"Ye Temple Stele" by Lu Guimeng (a bit long)
"Yuan Dao" "Send Meng Dong Ye Preface" 》 Han Yu (it’s very long but some of the passages are very good)
"Shi Shuo" by Han Yu (Han Yu’s four "Miscellaneous Comments" are all very good)
"Twelve Sacrifice" Lang Wen" Han Yu ("If you read Zhuge Kongming's "Chen Qing Biao" without crying, you must be unfaithful; if you read Li Lingbo's "Chen Qing Biao" without crying, you must be unfilial; if you read Han Tuizhi's "Twelve Sacrifice" "Lang Wen" who does not shed tears will definitely be unfriendly.
——The value of these three texts can be seen)
"Three Commandments" (including "The Elk of Linjiang", "The Donkey of Guizhou", and "The Rat of the Yong Family") Liu Zongyuan
" Yueyang Tower "Fan Zhongyan (if I don't mention it, I must memorize it)
Before and after "Red Cliff Ode" Su Shi
"Guide Record Preface" Wen Tianxiang (if it is too long, you can just memorize 21 "" The paragraph with the word "death" is completed in one breath, hearty and majestic)
Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties:
"Preface to Ma Sheng in Dongyang" by Song Lian
"Words from the Orange Seller" by Liu Ji (short, concise and thought-provoking)
"Letter from the Mother in Prison" by Xia Wanchun
"[Nanlu·Yizhihua] Disobedience to the Old" Guan Hanqing (the ending part, It’s the part about “I am a copper pea that can neither be steamed nor boiled nor beaten nor stir-fried nor crackled...” It is very interesting to write and has endless aftertaste. It is also quite interesting to read and catchy)
"Records of the Sick Plum Pavilion" by Gong Zizhen
"Young China" by Liang Qichao
"Manuscript of General Message to Compatriots" Qiu Jin 3. 5 meaningful short ancient essays Original text with translation
1. Every year after the decree was issued, the people of Qin said that thousands of people were inconvenienced by the new decree. So the prince broke the law. Wei Yang said: "The law cannot be violated from above. The prince, the king's heir, is not allowed to impose punishment. Punish his Fu Gongzi Qian, and tattoo his teacher Gongsun Jia."
Tomorrow, all the people of Qin will follow the order. After ten years of traveling, there were no relics on Qin's roads, there were no thieves in the mountains, the people were brave in public battles but timid in private fights, and the countryside was well governed. In the early days of the Qin Dynasty, those who were inconvenient to give orders could be made convenient by others. Wei Yang said: "These are all people who are in chaos with the law!" They all moved to the border. Afterwards, no one dared to issue orders. (Selected from "Historical Records·Biographies of Shang Jun")
Translation Shang Yang's decree for the reform was ready but had not been announced yet. He was worried that the people would not believe him, so he erected a three-dimensional banner at the south gate of the capital market. For a piece of wood that is ten feet high, anyone who can move it to the north gate will be rewarded with ten taels of silver. The people felt strange about this and did not dare to move it. He also said, "Anyone who can move wood will be rewarded with fifty taels of silver." One man moved the wood, so he was given fifty taels of silver to show that he was not deceiving (the people). Finally the decree was issued.
2. Tao Gong is frugal and hardworking. When he was in Jingzhou, he ordered the ship officers to record all the sawdust, no matter how much. Xian didn't understand this. After the meeting, it was snowing and it was starting to clear up. I heard that it was still wet after removing the snow beforehand, so I covered it with sawdust and it didn't hurt.
The bamboos used by officials are all ordered to have thick heads and are piled up like mountains. After Huan Xuanwu conquered Shu, he loaded ships and used them as nails. It is also said that an official took the bamboo pole where the hair was found, and it was still enough. It is used for super two levels.
Translation Tao Kan was an official in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. He was not only upright as an official, but also cherished property very much. Once, he was cruising in the countryside and saw a man on the road holding a bunch of unripe wheat ears. Tao Kan walked over and asked, "What do you want with these ungrown wheat?" The man said nonchalantly, "I saw that the wheat was green and beautiful, so I picked a handful." Tao Kan couldn't help but get angry: "You don't farm yourself, but you destroy other people's crops at will. You shouldn't be punished!" After saying that, he asked his men to beat him up. When the local people learned about this, they felt that Tao Kan truly cared about the crops and respected the farmers' work, and they worked harder from then on.
Tao Kan also pays great attention to saving. One time, when *** was building a ship, there were a lot of bamboo and sawdust left over. No one else cared about it. Only Tao Kan asked someone to put these things away. Later, during the Chinese New Year, there was a heavy snowfall and the yard was very muddy. At this time, Tao Kan asked people to take out sawdust and spread them in the yard, which made it easier for people to walk. Another time, when the imperial court was building warships, the workers cut the bamboo heads they had collected into bamboo nails, saving another batch of raw materials.
3. Prime Minister Zhang was good at writing but not good at craftsmanship. At that time, everyone laughed at him. The Prime Minister was very complacent. When he got a sentence in one day, he wrote quickly with a pen, and the paper was full of dragons and snakes flying. He asked his nephew to record it. At the dangerous point of the wave, the nephew stopped in silence. He held the book and asked, "What is the word for this?" The prime minister had seen it for a long time, but he did not recognize it. He criticized his nephew and said, "You didn't ask earlier, and I forgot about it."
Translation: Prime Minister Zhang likes to write cursive script (cursive script), but it is not neat. People laughed at him, but he didn't take it seriously. Once, he suddenly got a good sentence. He quickly asked for pen and ink and wrote it quickly. The words were very sloppy and filled up the paper. He immediately asked his nephew to copy the verses.
The nephew found something strange in the strokes and felt puzzled. He stopped writing and asked Prime Minister Zhang what word he pronounced. Prime Minister Zhang read it carefully for a long time, but he still didn't recognize what he wrote, so he scolded his nephew and said, "Why didn't you ask me earlier, so that I also forgot what it was."
4. In the Han Dynasty, there were old people, rich families and no children. They were frugal and stingy. He wears bad clothes and eats vegetables. He wakes up in the morning and rests at night. He manages property and accumulates it without getting tired of it, but he dares not use it for himself. Some people who come from the house to beg for money have no choice but to go inside and withdraw money for ten days. Coming out of the hall, he loses his temper every step of the way. As for the outside, only half of it is there, closing eyes to teach the beggars. Xun's further instructions said: "I have spent all my life to support you, but be careful not to say anything else. It will be effective."
The old man died, his land and house had no official, and his goods and wealth were filled with money.
During the Han Dynasty, there was an old man who had no sons. The family is very rich, but he is very frugal and stingy, eating and wearing very simply and frugally. He gets up before dawn every day and doesn't go to bed until almost midnight. He manages his property carefully and is never satisfied with accumulating money, and he is reluctant to spend it. If someone begged him and he couldn't refuse, he would go inside the house to get ten cents, and then go out, reducing the amount of money he was going to give away as he walked. When he walked out, only half of it was left. He closed his eyes distressedly and handed the money to the beggar. He repeatedly warned: "I gave you all the money at home. You must not tell others. Even beggars followed suit and came to ask me for money." The old man died soon after. His land and house were confiscated by the government, and his money was turned over to the national treasury.
5. Chu people who have spears and shields praise them by saying: "My shield is so strong that nothing can sink it." They also praise their spears by saying: "My spear is so sharp that it can be used against anything. "It's a trap." Or, "How about using Zi's spear and trapping Zi's shield?" This person can't respond. A shield that cannot be trapped and a spear that cannot be trapped cannot exist in the same world.
Translation: There was a man selling spears and shields in the state of Chu. He praised his shield and said, "My shield is very strong. Nothing can penetrate it." He also showed off his spear and said, "I The spear is very sharp and can penetrate anything." Someone asked: "How about using your spear to poke your shield?" The man couldn't answer. 4. There is an urgent need for some simple classical Chinese articles
Original text
Wang Jinggong retired to Jinling. One day, I was visiting a mountain temple alone. I met several guests and talked about literature and history, and they were full of arguments. The public sits under it, and no one cares about it. A man Xu asked the Duke: "Do you have a book from Yi?" The Duke was just Weiwei, and asked him again what his surname was. The Duke held his hands in his hands and answered: "Anshi's surname is Wang." Everyone was frightened and bowed down in shame.
Translation
Wang Jinggong Jiefu retired to Jinling. One day, he wrapped his head in a piece of silk and walked with a cane. He visited a mountain temple alone and met several people talking about history and discussing it. Wang Anshi sat next to them, no one noticed him. A guest asked him slowly: "Do you also know how to write?" Wang Anshi responded vaguely. When people asked him his name again, Wang Anshi arched his hands and replied, "My surname is Wang, and my name is Anshi." The group of people were frightened and left with their heads lowered in shame.
Original text
Mr. Lu Mengzheng does not like to remember people's faults. When he first participated in political affairs, when he entered the court hall, a court official pointed at him from behind the curtain and said, "Is this young man also participating in politics?" Meng Zheng pretended not to hear and passed him by. His colleagues were angry and ordered him to interrogate his official's name, but Meng Zheng stopped him abruptly. After leaving the court, the same row still cannot be reconciled, and I regret and ask endless questions. Meng Zheng said: "Once you know his name, you will never forget it for the rest of your life. It is worse than ignorance. What's the harm if you don't ask?" People at that time were convinced.
Translation
Mr. Lu Mengzheng does not like to remember the mistakes others have made against him. When he first took up the post of Councilor, when he went to court, a court official pointed at him from behind the curtain and said, "Can such a crude person participate in government affairs?" Meng Zheng pretended not to hear and walked over. His colleague was very angry and asked for the official's name. Meng Zheng hurriedly stopped his colleague. After the court incident ended, his colleagues were still aggrieved and regretted not pursuing the matter to the end. Meng Zheng said: "Once I know his name, I will never forget him for the rest of my life. It is better not to know. What's the loss if I don't check his name?" People at the time admired his magnanimity.
Original text
Hua Xin and Wang Lang both took refuge in a boat. There was a man who wanted to rely on him, but Xin was in trouble. Lang said: "Fortunately, I am still generous, why not?" Later, the thieves chased him, and the king wanted to leave the people he brought with him. Xin said: "The reason why I was suspicious was because of this. Now that I have accepted my trust, why would I rather abandon the evil in a hurry?" Then he carried the rescue as before.
This is how the world determines the merits and demerits of kings.
Translation
Hua Xin and Wang Lang took a boat to escape together. A man wanted to take their boat, and Hua Xin was in a dilemma. But Wang Lang said: "Fortunately, the boat is still spacious, there is nothing to be embarrassed about." After a while, the bandits were about to catch up, and Wang Lang wanted to leave the people who had just boarded the boat. Hua Xin said: "The reason why I hesitated just now was precisely for this reason. Now that I have accepted him to take care of him on the ship, how can I abandon him just because the situation is critical?" So he continued to take him on his way. The world also judged the merits and demerits of the two kings of Hua from this. 5. About inspirational classical Chinese essays
Original publisher: *** Asia
About inspirational and complete classical Chinese essays
Part 1: About inspirational and complete classical Chinese essays
2. The lights are on at three and the chicken is on at five, which is when men are studying. Black-haired people don't know how to study diligently early, and white-haired people regret studying late.
Yan Zhenqing
3. Those who accomplished great things in ancient times not only had extraordinary talents, but also had perseverance.
Su Shi
4. Reading is already late in spring, and every inch of time is worth an inch of gold.
Wang Zhenbai
5. There are roads in the mountains of books, hard work is the path, and there is no limit to the sea of ??learning, and hard work is the boat.
Han Yu
6. One out of ten people give up on things in the world because of difficulties, and nine out of ten people give up on things because of laziness.
Yan Zhitui
7. The rope cuts the wood, and the water drops penetrate the stone.
Luo Dajing
8. Even after countless blows, you will still be strong, regardless of the winds from east to west, north and south.
Zheng Banqiao
9. Time flies like an arrow, and the sun and the moon fly like a shuttle.
"Zengguang Xianwen"
10. Life is about hard work, nothing can be gained without asking for anything.
Zhang Heng
11. When three of us are walking together, there must be one who is my teacher. Choose the good ones and follow them, and change the bad ones.
Confucius
12. If you have ambitions, you will not grow old. If you have no ambitions, you will live a hundred years in vain.
Shi Yukun
13. From the top of the mountain, you can see all the small mountains.
Du Fu
14. If you are poor, you will change;
"The Book of Changes"
15. The ancients spared no efforts in learning, and only when they are young can they become mature.
Lu You
16. If you don’t fly, you will soar into the sky; if you don’t sing, you will become a blockbuster.
Sima Qian
17. It’s easy to see things on paper, but you know that you have to do it in detail.
Lu You
18. To learn, one must first be determined.
Zhu Xi
19. If a worker wants to do his job well, he must first sharpen his tools.
Confucius
20. A horse can’t take ten steps with one leap; a horse can ride ten steps, but the merit lies in perseverance.
"Xunzi"
21. The sea accepts hundreds of rivers, and it is great if it has tolerance; if there are thousands of people standing on the wall, it is strong if there is no desire.
Lin Zexu
22. Life is like a dream, and a bottle returns the moon in the river. Su Shi 75 In ancient times, the so-called heroic men must have extraordinary qualities. It is not courageous for a common man to draw his sword and fight when he is insulted. The world has 6. What kinds of classical Chinese are there?
What is classical Chinese?
[Edit this paragraph]
1. Classical Chinese is very exciting. This is certainly true. The main body of traditional Chinese culture is classical Chinese. It can be seen that the history of China's modern civilization is still very short, and it is still necessary to deconstruct or interpret traditional culture for modernization, because the inheritance of traditional wisdom is based on the correct interpretation of classical Chinese.
2. Classical Chinese is knowledge. This is right, because classical Chinese is no longer a language, it is purely words. But classical Chinese is knowledge, and Oracle is also knowledge, so why not learn Oracle? By the way, it is precisely because oracle bone inscriptions are more primitive writing, so classical Chinese is the basis for further learning about oracle bone inscriptions and other traditional advanced writing (study).
3. Classical Chinese is also a skill. Chinese expressions, descriptions, combinations, transformations, metaphors, metaphors, deductions... fully bear the style of Chinese civilization in the expression of ideas.
Master the physical structure of classical Chinese and have a deeper understanding of modern Chinese, and you will have "laws" to follow for the construction of new Chinese.
4. "Classical Chinese" is the opposite of "vernacular Chinese". The structure of the word is this: classical Chinese-文. The first "wen" is "writing" and "yan" is language. "Classical Chinese" refers to "written language". It illustrates two meanings: first, it indicates that the classical Chinese text is a kind of language; second, this language was later literalized. "Literalized" language also has two meanings: first, a culture that can have language but no writing, for example, most ethnic minorities only have language but no writing; second, the language function withdraws from life and becomes history in the form of writing.
The literal meaning of "classical Chinese" should be: a style of language that has been written down. The "wen" at the back refers to the style of writing.
So apart from archaeological research, does classical Chinese have any "future"? In other words, what other application value does it have in life? I think there is. When the traditional form of life fades into modern society, it is only that people ignore the social life in some marginal areas, which causes modern applications to doubt or ignore classical Chinese. For example, in religious construction, some inscriptions are still written in classical Chinese, written in calligraphy, and engraved using tools. This is also the case for most applications of seal script.
The term "classical Chinese" can also encompass the cultural and historical relationship between language and writing. In a certain form, once a certain language - including dialects - is "wen" or literalized, that is, written, the charm of its language is suddenly reduced, while the function of writing is doubled. Because language is usually passed down orally and is closely related to life, language has not yet entered a cultural state. It is a preservation of life experience and does not have the extended performance of words.
In the process of reading classical Chinese, we will inevitably have an illusion: Did people in ancient times also say this? I think this can be "feeled" by the difference in expression between written language and spoken language in the present tense. There is no big difference in structure and rules between them. It can also be speculated that the ancient people's speech was just more casual and more popular than classical Chinese. The "three words and two beats" can also be used as a reference. As for when we read classical Chinese today, of course it does not mean that we are repeating what the ancients said, but that we are reciting or silently reading a literary style.
When reading classical Chinese, you feel a very clear line of thought, just like occasionally reading the works of Western philosophers, which has the solemnity it deserves.
Tips for translating ancient texts
When translating ancient texts, follow your own order, read the whole text at first glance, and grasp the main idea;
Define the topic first, collect information, and go from paragraph to sentence. , from clause to word,
Understand them all and connect them together. When dealing with difficult sentences, you need to be careful.
Take care of the previous text, connect the following sentences, consider carefully, and try to figure out the tone.
Strive to be reasonable and have a close connection between words and sentences.
If something is omitted, fill in the original meaning and add parentheses to indicate gain.
The names of people and places do not need to be translated. Personal appellation is in accordance with the usual conventions.
"I" and "I" are for me, and "er" and "you" are for you. There are rules for omitting inversion.
Content words and function words are explained along with the text to sharpen the sense of language and vary from sentence to sentence.
After the translation is completed, you must carefully compare it sentence by sentence and understand the tone.
Make sure the sentences are smooth before writing.